长行程新型磁力操动机构的研究
摘要
断路器是电力系统中最重要的设备之一,断路器的质量和性能对电网的安全运行时非常重要的。断路器操纵机构是影响其正常开断的重要因素之一,因此,对操纵机构的研究一直是近年来断路器行业的研究热点。本文将设计一种新型的可用于长行程断路器的操动机构,它与永磁机构和弹簧机构相比具有体积小,操动力大的特点,为中高压断路器实现同步开断提供了参考依据。
本论文首先对长行程磁力操纵机构的原理进行了分析,采用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立磁力机构的数学模型。对磁力机构静态(无电流载荷)时的保持力以及有电流载荷时的洛伦兹力进行了计算,两种情况均采用二维和三维进行数学建模,得到不同位置的磁感强度和磁力线,为建立样机提供了理论依据。
制作了实验样机,并且详细介绍了以megal6为核心的磁力机构智能控制器,从电源模块、主控模块、驱动模块、以及电压显示部分对控制器进行了分析,这种控制系统集保护、控制等功能于一身。可实现对充电电容电压的数码管显示,具有过流保护以及报警等功能。
对已设计的磁力机构控制器进行模拟过流保护和磁力机构相关试验测试,表明本磁力机构控制系统已经初步达到了设计所要达到的预期效果,为绝缘栅双级晶体管IGBT以及光耦驱动芯片HCPL-316J的实际应用提供了一定的经验,并为以后的深层次研究以及同步控制系统的完善和优化提供了有益的经验和参考。
Circuit breaker is one of the most important facilities in the Power System. The quality and Performance of circuit breaker is of importance to the operation of the safety of power system. As the result, the research of circuit breaker Actuator is hot pot in the circuit breaker Industry.In this paper we will design a small new kind Long Stroke Actuator. Comparing with other actuators, it has the ability of small size and big force, which will be the base of the successful operation of circuit Breaker.
In the paper, we firstly analyze the Long Stroke Magnetic Force Driving Actuator of Circuit Breaker.We use Finite Element Method (FEM) ANSYS software to analyze it. We not only get the Lorentz force but also the holding force in different position.Both of them we used 2D and 3D model. We also get the magnetic line and magnetic induction, which is useful to the research of experimental prototype.
Finally, experimental prototype is designed, and Intelligent Controller is introduced in detail,which is based on mega16. This system has the function of not only controlling but also protecting, and this system also has over-current protection circuit, under-voltage protection circuit and so on.
We also do some experiment on the actuators. The experiment results indicate that this system already achieves the anticipated effect, and provides some useful experience and the reference for the future research. The system is useful to optimize the synchronous control.
本论文首先对长行程磁力操纵机构的原理进行了分析,采用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立磁力机构的数学模型。对磁力机构静态(无电流载荷)时的保持力以及有电流载荷时的洛伦兹力进行了计算,两种情况均采用二维和三维进行数学建模,得到不同位置的磁感强度和磁力线,为建立样机提供了理论依据。
制作了实验样机,并且详细介绍了以megal6为核心的磁力机构智能控制器,从电源模块、主控模块、驱动模块、以及电压显示部分对控制器进行了分析,这种控制系统集保护、控制等功能于一身。可实现对充电电容电压的数码管显示,具有过流保护以及报警等功能。
对已设计的磁力机构控制器进行模拟过流保护和磁力机构相关试验测试,表明本磁力机构控制系统已经初步达到了设计所要达到的预期效果,为绝缘栅双级晶体管IGBT以及光耦驱动芯片HCPL-316J的实际应用提供了一定的经验,并为以后的深层次研究以及同步控制系统的完善和优化提供了有益的经验和参考。
Circuit breaker is one of the most important facilities in the Power System. The quality and Performance of circuit breaker is of importance to the operation of the safety of power system. As the result, the research of circuit breaker Actuator is hot pot in the circuit breaker Industry.In this paper we will design a small new kind Long Stroke Actuator. Comparing with other actuators, it has the ability of small size and big force, which will be the base of the successful operation of circuit Breaker.
In the paper, we firstly analyze the Long Stroke Magnetic Force Driving Actuator of Circuit Breaker.We use Finite Element Method (FEM) ANSYS software to analyze it. We not only get the Lorentz force but also the holding force in different position.Both of them we used 2D and 3D model. We also get the magnetic line and magnetic induction, which is useful to the research of experimental prototype.
Finally, experimental prototype is designed, and Intelligent Controller is introduced in detail,which is based on mega16. This system has the function of not only controlling but also protecting, and this system also has over-current protection circuit, under-voltage protection circuit and so on.
We also do some experiment on the actuators. The experiment results indicate that this system already achieves the anticipated effect, and provides some useful experience and the reference for the future research. The system is useful to optimize the synchronous control.
引文
[1]钱家骊,袁大陆,徐国政.对1000kV电网操作过电压及相位控制高压断路器的讨论[J].电网技术,Vol.29,NO.10,2005(5)：1-4.
[2]Ruben D. Garzon, High voltage circuit breakers design and applications[M], second edition, revised and expanded, Eastern Hemisphere Distribution:Marcel Dekker AG, Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland. Printed in USA,2002:141-142.
[3]Jong-Ho Kang, Sang-Min Choi, Dong Enyuan el, Development of Electro magnetic Actuator for Hybrid type Gas Insulated Switchgear[C], Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives,2007. POWERING 2007. International Conference on 12-14 April 2007:499-503
[4]Ruben D. Garzon, High voltage circuit breakers design and applications[M], second edition, revised and expanded, Eastern Hemisphere Distribution:Marcel Dekker AG, Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland. Printed in USA,2002, pp.381-382.
[5]Zou Ji-yan; Ding Fu-hua; Duan Xiong-ying, An intelligent reactive power compensator based on synchronous vacuum circuit breaker[C], Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,2004. Proceedings. ISDEIV. XXIst International Symposium on, Volume 2, Sept. 27, Oct.1,2004:354-358.
[6]方春恩,丛吉远,邹积岩,曹德宁,.基于80C196KC型单片机的合成回路控制和信号测量系统[J].高压电器,2002(4)：33-36.
[7]孙弋,马志瀛,金立军.应用电磁开关阀实现断路器智能操作分闸速度调节[J].电网技术,2000(7)：17-20.
[8]陈晓宁,马志瀛,苏方春.超高压智能操作断路器智能控制单元的研究[J].电网技术,2000(5)：45-47.
[9]Jong-Ho Kang, Hyun-Kyo Jung, "Dynamic Behavior Analysis of Permanent Magnetic Actuator in Vacuum Circuit Breaker" [C] The Seventh International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2004, pp.256-259.
[10]邹积岩,王瑛,董恩源.电子操动的概念与实践[J].高压电器,2000.(5)：29-31.
[11]A. Bosma, P-0. Thureson, A new reliable operating mechanism for HVAC circuit-breakers[C]. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition,2001 IEEE/PES, Volume 1,28 Oct.-2 Nov.2001:573-577
[12]Charles R. Heising, Worldwide reliability survey of high-voltage circuit breakers. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine[J]. May/June 1996:65-66.
[13]Ruben D. Garzon, High voltage circuit breakers design and applications[M], second edition, revised and expanded, Eastern Hemisphere Distribution:Marcel Dekker AG, Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland. Printed in USA,2002, pp.222-225.
[14]B.A.R. Mckean and Dr. Reuber, "MAGNETS & VACUUM-THE PERFECT MATCH[C]" Trends in Distribution Switchgear,10-12 November 1998, Conference Publication No.459.
[15]Ruben D. Garzon, High voltage circuit breakers design and applications[M], second edition, revised and expanded, Eastern Hemisphere Distribution:Marcel Dekker AG, Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland. Printed in USA,2002, pp.220-221.
[16]Zou ji-yan, Duan xong-ying, Dong en-yuan. Permanent magnet actuator and electronic drive for vacuum switches[J], Electrical Machines and Systems,2001. ICEMS 2001. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on, Volume:2, Aug.2001:1323-1326
[17]董恩源,李博,邹积岩.超高速斥力机构与永磁机构的实验性能对比分析[J].高压电器,2007(4)：125-126
[18]高丽.真空断路器永磁机构设计和中压开关智能化[D].北京：华北电力大学,2004.
[19]苑舜.高压断路器弹簧操动机构[J].工业出版社,2001.
[20]朱学贵,王毅,罗礼全等.永磁机构的研究与发展[J].高压电器,2006,10(5)：372-374.
[21]林萃.永磁机构与真空断路器[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[22]卢芸,林萃.配永磁操动机构真空断路器力学特性分析[J].东北电力技术,2001,(9)：20-23.
[23]游一民,郑军,罗文科.永磁机构及其发展动态.高压电器,2001,37(1)：44-51.
[24]邹积岩.智能电器[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005.
[25]宋后定.常用永磁材料及应用基本知识讲座[R].JMagn Master Devices,2007(8):67-70.
[26]周寿增,董清飞.超强永磁体—稀土铁系永磁材料(第2版)[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2004.
[27]罗阳.磁性材料及器件[J].2006,37(5)：1-5.
[28]林德云等编著.电磁场[M].电子工业出版社,1990.2.
[29]李艳飞.断路器新型磁力操动机构的研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[30]林莘,高会军,铁韧.永磁操动机构磁场数值计算[J].高压电器,2000,36(3)：3-6.
[31]Jong-Ho, Kang and Hyun-Kyo, Jung. "Development and Characteristic Analysis of New type Actuator, Electro Magnetic driven Force Actuator applicable to High Voltage Circuit Breaker[C]" The Fifth International Symposium on Linear Drves for Industry Applications.25-28 September 2005,pp.383-386.
[32]Jong-Ho, Kang and Hyun-Kyo, Jung. "Dynamic Behavior Analysis of Permanent Magnetic Actuator in Vacuum Circuit Breaker[C]" The Seventh International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.2004,256-259.
[33]刘国强,赵凌志,蒋继娅.《工程电磁场有限元分析》[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.8.
[34]雷银照.关于电磁场数值分析的若干认识[J].电工技术学报,1997,12(6).
[35]刘剑飞.有限元前置处理的研究和实现[J].北京航空航天大学网络期刊,1991.8.
[36]张国瑞.有限元法[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1991,356
[37]陈跃.全电压合成关合试验快速关合开关的研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2006.
[38]胡双,左全璋,左才科.永磁机构计算方法的改进[J].低压电器,2003(1)：10-13.
[39]盛剑霓.工程电磁场数值分析[M],西安交通大学出版社,1991
[40]马潮.AVR单片机嵌入式系统原理与应用实践,北京航空航天大学出版社[M]2007：26-27
[41]HCPL-316J Technical Data[EB]. Aglilent Technologies,2003
[42]刘星平,李炎斌.IGBT驱动电路的研究[J],电器开关,2002,(5)：19-21
[43]张建国.基于单线圈永磁机构的相控开关控制器的设计[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[44]田海松.空载变压器相控投切技术研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[45]董恩源,刘罡,邹启涛,杜广波.长行程断路器操动用新型磁力机构[J].高电压技术,2010(3)：816-820
[2]Ruben D. Garzon, High voltage circuit breakers design and applications[M], second edition, revised and expanded, Eastern Hemisphere Distribution:Marcel Dekker AG, Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland. Printed in USA,2002:141-142.
[3]Jong-Ho Kang, Sang-Min Choi, Dong Enyuan el, Development of Electro magnetic Actuator for Hybrid type Gas Insulated Switchgear[C], Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives,2007. POWERING 2007. International Conference on 12-14 April 2007:499-503
[4]Ruben D. Garzon, High voltage circuit breakers design and applications[M], second edition, revised and expanded, Eastern Hemisphere Distribution:Marcel Dekker AG, Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland. Printed in USA,2002, pp.381-382.
[5]Zou Ji-yan; Ding Fu-hua; Duan Xiong-ying, An intelligent reactive power compensator based on synchronous vacuum circuit breaker[C], Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,2004. Proceedings. ISDEIV. XXIst International Symposium on, Volume 2, Sept. 27, Oct.1,2004:354-358.
[6]方春恩,丛吉远,邹积岩,曹德宁,.基于80C196KC型单片机的合成回路控制和信号测量系统[J].高压电器,2002(4)：33-36.
[7]孙弋,马志瀛,金立军.应用电磁开关阀实现断路器智能操作分闸速度调节[J].电网技术,2000(7)：17-20.
[8]陈晓宁,马志瀛,苏方春.超高压智能操作断路器智能控制单元的研究[J].电网技术,2000(5)：45-47.
[9]Jong-Ho Kang, Hyun-Kyo Jung, "Dynamic Behavior Analysis of Permanent Magnetic Actuator in Vacuum Circuit Breaker" [C] The Seventh International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2004, pp.256-259.
[10]邹积岩,王瑛,董恩源.电子操动的概念与实践[J].高压电器,2000.(5)：29-31.
[11]A. Bosma, P-0. Thureson, A new reliable operating mechanism for HVAC circuit-breakers[C]. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition,2001 IEEE/PES, Volume 1,28 Oct.-2 Nov.2001:573-577
[12]Charles R. Heising, Worldwide reliability survey of high-voltage circuit breakers. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine[J]. May/June 1996:65-66.
[13]Ruben D. Garzon, High voltage circuit breakers design and applications[M], second edition, revised and expanded, Eastern Hemisphere Distribution:Marcel Dekker AG, Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland. Printed in USA,2002, pp.222-225.
[14]B.A.R. Mckean and Dr. Reuber, "MAGNETS & VACUUM-THE PERFECT MATCH[C]" Trends in Distribution Switchgear,10-12 November 1998, Conference Publication No.459.
[15]Ruben D. Garzon, High voltage circuit breakers design and applications[M], second edition, revised and expanded, Eastern Hemisphere Distribution:Marcel Dekker AG, Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland. Printed in USA,2002, pp.220-221.
[16]Zou ji-yan, Duan xong-ying, Dong en-yuan. Permanent magnet actuator and electronic drive for vacuum switches[J], Electrical Machines and Systems,2001. ICEMS 2001. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on, Volume:2, Aug.2001:1323-1326
[17]董恩源,李博,邹积岩.超高速斥力机构与永磁机构的实验性能对比分析[J].高压电器,2007(4)：125-126
[18]高丽.真空断路器永磁机构设计和中压开关智能化[D].北京：华北电力大学,2004.
[19]苑舜.高压断路器弹簧操动机构[J].工业出版社,2001.
[20]朱学贵,王毅,罗礼全等.永磁机构的研究与发展[J].高压电器,2006,10(5)：372-374.
[21]林萃.永磁机构与真空断路器[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[22]卢芸,林萃.配永磁操动机构真空断路器力学特性分析[J].东北电力技术,2001,(9)：20-23.
[23]游一民,郑军,罗文科.永磁机构及其发展动态.高压电器,2001,37(1)：44-51.
[24]邹积岩.智能电器[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005.
[25]宋后定.常用永磁材料及应用基本知识讲座[R].JMagn Master Devices,2007(8):67-70.
[26]周寿增,董清飞.超强永磁体—稀土铁系永磁材料(第2版)[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2004.
[27]罗阳.磁性材料及器件[J].2006,37(5)：1-5.
[28]林德云等编著.电磁场[M].电子工业出版社,1990.2.
[29]李艳飞.断路器新型磁力操动机构的研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[30]林莘,高会军,铁韧.永磁操动机构磁场数值计算[J].高压电器,2000,36(3)：3-6.
[31]Jong-Ho, Kang and Hyun-Kyo, Jung. "Development and Characteristic Analysis of New type Actuator, Electro Magnetic driven Force Actuator applicable to High Voltage Circuit Breaker[C]" The Fifth International Symposium on Linear Drves for Industry Applications.25-28 September 2005,pp.383-386.
[32]Jong-Ho, Kang and Hyun-Kyo, Jung. "Dynamic Behavior Analysis of Permanent Magnetic Actuator in Vacuum Circuit Breaker[C]" The Seventh International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.2004,256-259.
[33]刘国强,赵凌志,蒋继娅.《工程电磁场有限元分析》[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.8.
[34]雷银照.关于电磁场数值分析的若干认识[J].电工技术学报,1997,12(6).
[35]刘剑飞.有限元前置处理的研究和实现[J].北京航空航天大学网络期刊,1991.8.
[36]张国瑞.有限元法[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1991,356
[37]陈跃.全电压合成关合试验快速关合开关的研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2006.
[38]胡双,左全璋,左才科.永磁机构计算方法的改进[J].低压电器,2003(1)：10-13.
[39]盛剑霓.工程电磁场数值分析[M],西安交通大学出版社,1991
[40]马潮.AVR单片机嵌入式系统原理与应用实践,北京航空航天大学出版社[M]2007：26-27
[41]HCPL-316J Technical Data[EB]. Aglilent Technologies,2003
[42]刘星平,李炎斌.IGBT驱动电路的研究[J],电器开关,2002,(5)：19-21
[43]张建国.基于单线圈永磁机构的相控开关控制器的设计[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[44]田海松.空载变压器相控投切技术研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[45]董恩源,刘罡,邹启涛,杜广波.长行程断路器操动用新型磁力机构[J].高电压技术,2010(3)：816-820