低渗透油藏试井分析方法研究
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摘要
低渗透油田在我国石油开发中所占的比例越来越大。试井在油藏勘探开发的各个阶段都发挥着重要作用,可以为低渗透油藏合理、高效开发提供有效的动态地层参数。但目前所建立的低渗透油藏试井模型中,多是考虑单一因素的影响。
本文在详细调研低渗透油藏相关文献,分析低渗透油藏地质和渗流特征的基础上,建立了综合考虑井筒储存系数、表皮系数、启动压力梯度和渗透率模数的均质低渗透油藏单相流、均质低渗透油藏油水两相流、裂缝性低渗透油藏单相流的试井解释数学模型,运用有限差分方法对所建立的模型进行了数值求解,绘制了井底压力和压力导数的双对数曲线。参数敏感性分析表明:在低渗透油藏中,由于受渗流流体的低速非达西效应以及地层的应力敏感性的影响,压力和压力导数曲线均会产生不同程度的上翘,且启动压力梯度对压力响应的影响比渗透率模数对压力响应的影响更敏感;在低渗透油藏油水两相流中,油水粘度比、油水相渗曲线等因素的影响主要表现在会使压力和压力导数曲线的中后期上移或下移,如果参数的改变使油水两相的总流动能力增加,则曲线下移,反之,曲线上移;在裂缝性低渗透油藏中,井筒储存系数、弹性储能比、窜流系数、启动压力梯度和渗透率模数均会对裂缝性低渗透油藏的窜流段产生一定的影响,使压力导数曲线的“凹子”产生变化。在实际的试井资料分析时,要综合考虑地质和其它方面的资料,对影响因素做出正确判断。
此外,本文还对自动拟合试井分析方法进行了系统的研究,应用遗传算法自动拟合技术,编制了低渗透油藏试井解释软件,应用该软件对现场测试资料进行了解释,取得了满意的解释结果。
More and more low permeable reservoirs are being placed on production in our country. Well test plays an important role in each stage of exploration and development and can provide effective information of depicting the formation dynamic characters, which helps to develop the reservoir reasonably and effectively. However, In the established by the current low-permeability reservoir well testing models, more is to consider the single factor.
Based on the detailed researches of articles about low permeability oil reservoirs and the analysis about flow and geological characteristics, mathematical models of well test interpretation of single-phase and oil-water two-phase flow in homogeneous low permeability reservoir and single-phase flow in fractured low-permeability reservoir are derived, which allow for the influence analysis of wellbore storage coefficient, skin factor, starting pressure gradient and permeability modulus. The numerical solutions of the models are obtained by finite difference method, then, the log-log curves of bottom hole pressure and pressure derivative are plotted. Parameters sensitivity analysis suggests that: In low-permeability reservoirs, due to the low-speed non-Darcy effects of fluid flow as well as the stress sensitivity of formation, pressure and pressure derivative curves will produce different degrees of upturned, while the starting pressure gradient effect on the pressure response is more sensitive than the impact of permeability modulus; About the Oil-water two-phase flow in low permeability reservoirs, oil-water viscosity ratio, oil-water relative permeability curve can lead pressure and pressure derivative curves in the mid-late period moving up or down, If the parameter changes have led to the total mobility increase, then curves down, otherwise, the curves upturned; In the fractured low-permeability reservoirs, Wellbore storage coefficient, elastic energy storage ratio, cross flow coefficient, starting pressure gradient and permeability modulus all have some impact to cross flow segment. In the actual well test data analysis, only considering geology and other aspects of the information comprehensively, can we make the right judgments.
In addition, a systematic research about automatic matching well test analysis methods has been done. Well test interpretation software for low permeable reservoir is developed, in which Auto-fitting technique using genetic algorithms is incorporated. The real well test data are analyzed by the software and satisfactory result is achieved.
本文在详细调研低渗透油藏相关文献,分析低渗透油藏地质和渗流特征的基础上,建立了综合考虑井筒储存系数、表皮系数、启动压力梯度和渗透率模数的均质低渗透油藏单相流、均质低渗透油藏油水两相流、裂缝性低渗透油藏单相流的试井解释数学模型,运用有限差分方法对所建立的模型进行了数值求解,绘制了井底压力和压力导数的双对数曲线。参数敏感性分析表明:在低渗透油藏中,由于受渗流流体的低速非达西效应以及地层的应力敏感性的影响,压力和压力导数曲线均会产生不同程度的上翘,且启动压力梯度对压力响应的影响比渗透率模数对压力响应的影响更敏感;在低渗透油藏油水两相流中,油水粘度比、油水相渗曲线等因素的影响主要表现在会使压力和压力导数曲线的中后期上移或下移,如果参数的改变使油水两相的总流动能力增加,则曲线下移,反之,曲线上移;在裂缝性低渗透油藏中,井筒储存系数、弹性储能比、窜流系数、启动压力梯度和渗透率模数均会对裂缝性低渗透油藏的窜流段产生一定的影响,使压力导数曲线的“凹子”产生变化。在实际的试井资料分析时,要综合考虑地质和其它方面的资料,对影响因素做出正确判断。
此外,本文还对自动拟合试井分析方法进行了系统的研究,应用遗传算法自动拟合技术,编制了低渗透油藏试井解释软件,应用该软件对现场测试资料进行了解释,取得了满意的解释结果。
More and more low permeable reservoirs are being placed on production in our country. Well test plays an important role in each stage of exploration and development and can provide effective information of depicting the formation dynamic characters, which helps to develop the reservoir reasonably and effectively. However, In the established by the current low-permeability reservoir well testing models, more is to consider the single factor.
Based on the detailed researches of articles about low permeability oil reservoirs and the analysis about flow and geological characteristics, mathematical models of well test interpretation of single-phase and oil-water two-phase flow in homogeneous low permeability reservoir and single-phase flow in fractured low-permeability reservoir are derived, which allow for the influence analysis of wellbore storage coefficient, skin factor, starting pressure gradient and permeability modulus. The numerical solutions of the models are obtained by finite difference method, then, the log-log curves of bottom hole pressure and pressure derivative are plotted. Parameters sensitivity analysis suggests that: In low-permeability reservoirs, due to the low-speed non-Darcy effects of fluid flow as well as the stress sensitivity of formation, pressure and pressure derivative curves will produce different degrees of upturned, while the starting pressure gradient effect on the pressure response is more sensitive than the impact of permeability modulus; About the Oil-water two-phase flow in low permeability reservoirs, oil-water viscosity ratio, oil-water relative permeability curve can lead pressure and pressure derivative curves in the mid-late period moving up or down, If the parameter changes have led to the total mobility increase, then curves down, otherwise, the curves upturned; In the fractured low-permeability reservoirs, Wellbore storage coefficient, elastic energy storage ratio, cross flow coefficient, starting pressure gradient and permeability modulus all have some impact to cross flow segment. In the actual well test data analysis, only considering geology and other aspects of the information comprehensively, can we make the right judgments.
In addition, a systematic research about automatic matching well test analysis methods has been done. Well test interpretation software for low permeable reservoir is developed, in which Auto-fitting technique using genetic algorithms is incorporated. The real well test data are analyzed by the software and satisfactory result is achieved.
引文
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[2]黄冬梅,杨正明,郝明强等.微裂缝性特低渗透油藏产量递减方程及其应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(1):90-91.
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[4] Kuuskraa V. A. Advances benefit tight gas sands development Oil Gas[J]. 94(15), 1996.
[5] Von Englehardt, W. and Tunn W. L. M. The flow of fluids through sandstones[J]. Cire. III. State. Geol. Surv. 1955.
[6] Lutz J F, Kemper W D. Intrinsic permeability of clay as affected by clay-water interaction[J]. Soil Sci. 1959.
[7] Hansbo S. Consolidation of clay, with special reference to influence of vertical sand drains[J]. Swedish Geotech. Inst. Proc. 1960.
[8]阎庆来,何秋轩,尉立岗等.低渗透油层中单相液体渗流液体特征的实验研究[J].西安石油学院学报,1990,5(2):1-6.
[9]黄延章.低渗透油层非线性渗流特征[J].特种油气藏,1997,4(1):9-14.
[10]邓英尔,刘慈群.具有启动压力梯度的油水两相渗流理论与开发指标计算方法[J] .石油勘探与开发,1998,25(6):36-39.
[11]肖鲁川,甄力等.特低渗透储层非达西渗流特征研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(5):28-30.
[12]宋付权,刘慈群.低渗透油藏启动压力梯度的简单测量[J].特种油气藏,2000,7(1).
[13]邓英尔,刘慈群.低渗透油藏非线性渗流规律数学模型及其应用[J].石油学报,2001,22(4):72-77.
[14]吕成远,王建等.低渗透砂岩油藏渗流启动压力梯度实验研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(2):86-89.
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