油田抽油机远程测控系统研究
摘要
随着科技的不断发展,工业化进程的不断加速,石油已经与我们的生活密不可分。我国从以前的石油出口到现在的石油进口也正说明了石油在我国经济发展中的地位。石油的勘探开采也成为了热门研究课题。我国的一些油田由于开采历史较长、建站时间较早、设备较陈旧,缺乏对抽油机的运行状态进行有效的实时监控。另外由于采油站多位于偏僻的野外,夜间因人为破坏导致抽油机故障停运的情况时有发生,如不及时发现处理,不仅造成原油产量和设备的损失,甚至可能造成人身伤亡事故。人工野外随时巡检的方式由于实时性很差,影响工作效率。
本论文以油田抽油机控制为研究背景,对抽油机状态运行进行远程监测,结合以往对大型机械设备的控制经验方案,拟使用无线数据通信的方法进行远程监测抽油机各种状态。
文中硬件电路选择以GMSK为调制方式的无线数传模块芯片HAC-LM,ATMEL公司的51单片机AT89S52,NS公司的A/D转换芯片ADC0804为主。通过停等协议和FEC相结合的混合纠错方式,利用C51单片机的C语言编程完成数字量信号和模拟量信号的无线发送与接收。并将接收到的模拟量通过后台上位机程序实时显示。
利用NS2仿真平台,本文对几种经典的路由协议:AODV、DSR和DSDV进行了模拟仿真,寻找一种适合油田抽油机进行组网的路由协议,为后续的研究寻找切入点。
In some oil fields, for its long history of exploitation, its equipments is obsolete and is lack of real time monitoring of pumping units state. Furthermore, oil producing station is always situated in remote field, pumping units is always destroyed by people in the night. If we fail to cope with the fault in time, not only can make a loss of oil production and equipments but also endanger the life of people around there.
Also pumping units are always in remote field, it is so remote and is difficult for staffs to detect timely, so real time monitoring is poor, working efficiency is very low. At present, in the domestic the detection of pumping units operating state is regular inspection personally. But actually, for its big error, complexity of working process, long monitor cycle, high costs etc, it is cannot meet with the automation and information of oil fields in economy and technology.
The paper based on the control of pumping units , research on the remote inspect of oil units running state, according to the control of large-tonnage mechanical produce before, using wireless data communication method to remote control the pumping units state, alarming when accidents happened.
In the paper we draw a comparison between the scheme of wireless data transceiver (module), digital cellular grouping data technology CDPD, GSM-SMS module wireless data transmission, analysis the application scope, advantages and disadvantages respectively. Select wireless data transceiver as the main communication means.
In the wireless communication, if we choose only one collection site transmit data to base station, unable to meet with efficiency. But efficiency is the premise of safety. If accident cannot feed back timely to control center, safe production is inhibited. Therefore remote wireless communication needs multi-hop routing mechanism in multi-node to full display its own resource, aim to attain rationally allocation. In the paper comprehensively consider many kinds of routing protocols, including AODV, DSDV, DSR etc. According to practical situation, select one routing protocols, conduct simulation of based on it.
Hardware circuit select the wireless data transmission module chip HAC-LM, 51 single-chip computer AT89S52 produced by ATMEL, A/D conversion chip ADC0804 produced by NS, wireless data transmission chip connect with single-chip computer by RS-232 interface. Key switch instead of the input of digital signal. Make and break of light emitting diodes represent the output. The input of analog signal is achieved by adjustment of potentiometer, the brightness and darkness of light emitting diodes instead of output, real time displayed by serial port communication interface compiled by VC++.
Error control protocol stop-wait protocol and FEC. Using C51 single-chip computer accomplish the wireless sending and receiving of switch signal and analog.
Conduct receiving and sending experiment with hardware. Switch signal can receive and send well, while analog signal appears hysteresis phenomenon during A/D conversion for the single-chip computer is small, but it does not affect theoretical research.
Background program corresponding to alarming mechanism. If network voltage appeared big fluctuate or phase deficiency, lower than the setting threshold, alarm siren resounds, accident appeared.
In the paper, using NS2 network simulation software conduct simulation according to group network routing protocol mentioned before. For N2 is an open source simulation software, run in Linux system platform, therefore the exploitation of many kinds of protocol have big flexibility, because it is free, therefore it does not need to bear the large cost. NS2 is a kind of object oriented network simulator, in essence it is a discrete time simulator. It has a virtual clock. All analog is driving by discrete event. At present it can be used to simulate many kinds of IP network, among which network transmission protocol, such as TCP and UDP, business source flow generator, such as FTP, Telnet, Web CBR and VBR, routing queue management mechanism, such as DropTail,RED and CBQ, routing algorithm, such as Dijkstra etc. NS2 also achieve MAC sub-layer protocol for conducting local area network simulation.
The paper uses several kinds of mainstream routing protocol to conduct simulation, analysis the parameter packet loss rate and draw the following conclusion: comparing with network load simulation conducted in fixed network scale, when network load is lower, packet loss rate of DSR routing protocol is lower than AODV and DSDV, and when load increase, AODV is the lowest among three protocols. Comparing with network scale simulation conducted by fixed network load, when network scale is small, packet loss rate producing by the three routing protocols are all not large, but when network scale is big enough, AODV is better than DSR and DSDV obviously.
There are still a few shortages in this paper and need further improved, such as when conducting hardware experiment, for the limit of node quantity, we cannot realize multi-node networking. Because of being short of detection of practical field interference, it exists unpredictable noise interference, therefore when conducting experiment we have not taken unpredictable information into consideration. This needs to be improved in the further, and finished product according with industry require.
本论文以油田抽油机控制为研究背景,对抽油机状态运行进行远程监测,结合以往对大型机械设备的控制经验方案,拟使用无线数据通信的方法进行远程监测抽油机各种状态。
文中硬件电路选择以GMSK为调制方式的无线数传模块芯片HAC-LM,ATMEL公司的51单片机AT89S52,NS公司的A/D转换芯片ADC0804为主。通过停等协议和FEC相结合的混合纠错方式,利用C51单片机的C语言编程完成数字量信号和模拟量信号的无线发送与接收。并将接收到的模拟量通过后台上位机程序实时显示。
利用NS2仿真平台,本文对几种经典的路由协议:AODV、DSR和DSDV进行了模拟仿真,寻找一种适合油田抽油机进行组网的路由协议,为后续的研究寻找切入点。
In some oil fields, for its long history of exploitation, its equipments is obsolete and is lack of real time monitoring of pumping units state. Furthermore, oil producing station is always situated in remote field, pumping units is always destroyed by people in the night. If we fail to cope with the fault in time, not only can make a loss of oil production and equipments but also endanger the life of people around there.
Also pumping units are always in remote field, it is so remote and is difficult for staffs to detect timely, so real time monitoring is poor, working efficiency is very low. At present, in the domestic the detection of pumping units operating state is regular inspection personally. But actually, for its big error, complexity of working process, long monitor cycle, high costs etc, it is cannot meet with the automation and information of oil fields in economy and technology.
The paper based on the control of pumping units , research on the remote inspect of oil units running state, according to the control of large-tonnage mechanical produce before, using wireless data communication method to remote control the pumping units state, alarming when accidents happened.
In the paper we draw a comparison between the scheme of wireless data transceiver (module), digital cellular grouping data technology CDPD, GSM-SMS module wireless data transmission, analysis the application scope, advantages and disadvantages respectively. Select wireless data transceiver as the main communication means.
In the wireless communication, if we choose only one collection site transmit data to base station, unable to meet with efficiency. But efficiency is the premise of safety. If accident cannot feed back timely to control center, safe production is inhibited. Therefore remote wireless communication needs multi-hop routing mechanism in multi-node to full display its own resource, aim to attain rationally allocation. In the paper comprehensively consider many kinds of routing protocols, including AODV, DSDV, DSR etc. According to practical situation, select one routing protocols, conduct simulation of based on it.
Hardware circuit select the wireless data transmission module chip HAC-LM, 51 single-chip computer AT89S52 produced by ATMEL, A/D conversion chip ADC0804 produced by NS, wireless data transmission chip connect with single-chip computer by RS-232 interface. Key switch instead of the input of digital signal. Make and break of light emitting diodes represent the output. The input of analog signal is achieved by adjustment of potentiometer, the brightness and darkness of light emitting diodes instead of output, real time displayed by serial port communication interface compiled by VC++.
Error control protocol stop-wait protocol and FEC. Using C51 single-chip computer accomplish the wireless sending and receiving of switch signal and analog.
Conduct receiving and sending experiment with hardware. Switch signal can receive and send well, while analog signal appears hysteresis phenomenon during A/D conversion for the single-chip computer is small, but it does not affect theoretical research.
Background program corresponding to alarming mechanism. If network voltage appeared big fluctuate or phase deficiency, lower than the setting threshold, alarm siren resounds, accident appeared.
In the paper, using NS2 network simulation software conduct simulation according to group network routing protocol mentioned before. For N2 is an open source simulation software, run in Linux system platform, therefore the exploitation of many kinds of protocol have big flexibility, because it is free, therefore it does not need to bear the large cost. NS2 is a kind of object oriented network simulator, in essence it is a discrete time simulator. It has a virtual clock. All analog is driving by discrete event. At present it can be used to simulate many kinds of IP network, among which network transmission protocol, such as TCP and UDP, business source flow generator, such as FTP, Telnet, Web CBR and VBR, routing queue management mechanism, such as DropTail,RED and CBQ, routing algorithm, such as Dijkstra etc. NS2 also achieve MAC sub-layer protocol for conducting local area network simulation.
The paper uses several kinds of mainstream routing protocol to conduct simulation, analysis the parameter packet loss rate and draw the following conclusion: comparing with network load simulation conducted in fixed network scale, when network load is lower, packet loss rate of DSR routing protocol is lower than AODV and DSDV, and when load increase, AODV is the lowest among three protocols. Comparing with network scale simulation conducted by fixed network load, when network scale is small, packet loss rate producing by the three routing protocols are all not large, but when network scale is big enough, AODV is better than DSR and DSDV obviously.
There are still a few shortages in this paper and need further improved, such as when conducting hardware experiment, for the limit of node quantity, we cannot realize multi-node networking. Because of being short of detection of practical field interference, it exists unpredictable noise interference, therefore when conducting experiment we have not taken unpredictable information into consideration. This needs to be improved in the further, and finished product according with industry require.
引文
[1]张晓玲,于海迎.抽油机的节能技术及其发展趋势[J].石油和化工节能, 2007(2):4-6
[2]周祖德,谢鸣.油田抽油机采用双馈电机节能技术的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报, 2008,30(4):114-117
[3]张丙选,吴磊,张小宁.抽油机控制柜在油井上的应用[J].石油规划设计, 2002,13(5):38-39
[4] DURRESI, A. DURRESI, M. BAROLLI, L. Secure Spatial Authentication for Mobile Stations In Hybrid 3G-WLAN Serving Networks[C]. The Third International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York: IEEE Press,.2008: 1325-1331
[5] SACHIN GAJJAR, HARI M GUPTA Improving performance of Adhoc TCP in Mobile Adhoc Networks[C]. Proceedings of the American Control Conference. New York: IEEE Press, 2008:1435-1439
[6] MAZIAR NEKOVEE, BENEDIKT BJARNI BOGASON Reliable and Efficient Information Dissemination in Intermittently Connected Vehicular Adhoc Networks[C]. Proceedings of the American Control Conference. New York: IEEE Press, 2007: 2486-2490
[7] CHRISTOPHER WARE, JOHN JUDGE, JOE CHICHARO, ERYK DUTKIEWICZ Unfairness and Capture Behaviour in 802.11 Adhoc Networks[C].Proceedings of the American Control Conference. New York: IEEE Press,2000: 159-163
[8] MATTHEW H, TACKETT. Evaluating Alternative Reliability Improvement Proposals using the RIP[C]. Method Rural Electric Power Conference, New York: IEEE Press,2001: D3/1-D3/8
[9] R. SINGH, R. SHARANGPANI. Role of Rapid Isothermal Processing (RIP) in Cycle Time Reduction[C]. Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference, New York: IEEE Press,1996: 162-164
[10] DAN PEI, DAN MASSEY, LIXIA ZHANG. Detection of Invalid Routing Announcements in RIP Protocol[C]. Global Telecommunications Conference, New York: IEEE Press, 2003: 1450-1455
[11] BAOLIN SUN, HUA CHEN, LAYUAN LI. An Intrusion Detection System for AODV[C]. Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Engineering ofComplex Computer Systems, New York: IEEE Press,2005:358-365
[12] PIRZADA, A.A. MCDONALD. Trusted route discovery with TORA protocol[C]. Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research, New York: IEEE Press, 2005:121-130
[13] QAISER, N. IQBAL, N. TORA. stabilization via dynamic surface control technique[C]. Inteniational Conference on Emnerging Technologies, New York: IEEE Press, 2005: 488-493
[14] TAMILARASI, M. CHANDRAMATHI, S. PALANIVELU, T.G.. Overhead Reduction and Energy Management in DSR for MANETs[c]. 3rd International Conference on Communication Systems Software and Middleware and Workshops, New York: IEEE Press, 2008: 762-766
[15] SHAKEEL AHMAD, IRFAN AWAN, ATHAR WAQQAS, BASHIR AHMAD. Performance Analysis of DSR & Extended DSR Protocols[C] Second Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation, New York: IEEE Press,2008:191-196
[16] DHILLON, D. RANDHAWA, T.S. WANG, M. LAMONT, L. Implementing a fully distributed certificate authority in an OLSR MANET[C] Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, New York: IEEE Press,2004:682 - 688
[17] TINO PYSSYSALO, PERTTI RAATIKAINEN, JUHA ZIDBECK. FSR - a Fair Switching Architecture [C].Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, New York: IEEE Press, 1995:116-123
[18] KHALEEL UR, RAHMAN, REDDY, RAFI U ZAMAN. An Efficient Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks[C]. International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, New York: IEEE Press, 2008:467-471
[19] KHALEEL UR RAHMAN KHAN, REDDY, RAFI U ZAMAN. An Efficient DSDV Routing Protocol for MANET and its usefulness for providing Internet Access to Ad Hoc Hosts[C]. TENCON 2008. IEEE Region 10 Conference. New York: IEEE Press,2008:1-6
[20] KHALEEL UR RAHMAN KHAN, A VENUGOPAL REDDY, RAFI U ZAMAN. An Efficient DSDV Routing Protocol for Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and its Performance Comparison[C]. IEEE Second UKSIM European Symposium on Computer Modeling and Simulation. New York: IEEE Press,2008:506-511
[21] http://nrlweb.cs.ucla.edu/publication/show/478
[22]王友贵,张春梅.无线局域网技术在校园中的应用[J].安庆师范学院学报.2003,9(1):97-99
[23] APOSTOLIS K. SALKINTZIS, P. TAKIS MATHIOPOULOS. Adaptive beamforming in CDPD mobile end systems[C]. The 6th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems. New York: IEEE Press, 1999: 679-682
[24]徐明远,张桦,王法玉.基于GSM/SMS的信息服务系统研究[J].天津理工大学学,报, 2009,25(1):53-55
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[2]周祖德,谢鸣.油田抽油机采用双馈电机节能技术的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报, 2008,30(4):114-117
[3]张丙选,吴磊,张小宁.抽油机控制柜在油井上的应用[J].石油规划设计, 2002,13(5):38-39
[4] DURRESI, A. DURRESI, M. BAROLLI, L. Secure Spatial Authentication for Mobile Stations In Hybrid 3G-WLAN Serving Networks[C]. The Third International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York: IEEE Press,.2008: 1325-1331
[5] SACHIN GAJJAR, HARI M GUPTA Improving performance of Adhoc TCP in Mobile Adhoc Networks[C]. Proceedings of the American Control Conference. New York: IEEE Press, 2008:1435-1439
[6] MAZIAR NEKOVEE, BENEDIKT BJARNI BOGASON Reliable and Efficient Information Dissemination in Intermittently Connected Vehicular Adhoc Networks[C]. Proceedings of the American Control Conference. New York: IEEE Press, 2007: 2486-2490
[7] CHRISTOPHER WARE, JOHN JUDGE, JOE CHICHARO, ERYK DUTKIEWICZ Unfairness and Capture Behaviour in 802.11 Adhoc Networks[C].Proceedings of the American Control Conference. New York: IEEE Press,2000: 159-163
[8] MATTHEW H, TACKETT. Evaluating Alternative Reliability Improvement Proposals using the RIP[C]. Method Rural Electric Power Conference, New York: IEEE Press,2001: D3/1-D3/8
[9] R. SINGH, R. SHARANGPANI. Role of Rapid Isothermal Processing (RIP) in Cycle Time Reduction[C]. Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference, New York: IEEE Press,1996: 162-164
[10] DAN PEI, DAN MASSEY, LIXIA ZHANG. Detection of Invalid Routing Announcements in RIP Protocol[C]. Global Telecommunications Conference, New York: IEEE Press, 2003: 1450-1455
[11] BAOLIN SUN, HUA CHEN, LAYUAN LI. An Intrusion Detection System for AODV[C]. Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Engineering ofComplex Computer Systems, New York: IEEE Press,2005:358-365
[12] PIRZADA, A.A. MCDONALD. Trusted route discovery with TORA protocol[C]. Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research, New York: IEEE Press, 2005:121-130
[13] QAISER, N. IQBAL, N. TORA. stabilization via dynamic surface control technique[C]. Inteniational Conference on Emnerging Technologies, New York: IEEE Press, 2005: 488-493
[14] TAMILARASI, M. CHANDRAMATHI, S. PALANIVELU, T.G.. Overhead Reduction and Energy Management in DSR for MANETs[c]. 3rd International Conference on Communication Systems Software and Middleware and Workshops, New York: IEEE Press, 2008: 762-766
[15] SHAKEEL AHMAD, IRFAN AWAN, ATHAR WAQQAS, BASHIR AHMAD. Performance Analysis of DSR & Extended DSR Protocols[C] Second Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation, New York: IEEE Press,2008:191-196
[16] DHILLON, D. RANDHAWA, T.S. WANG, M. LAMONT, L. Implementing a fully distributed certificate authority in an OLSR MANET[C] Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, New York: IEEE Press,2004:682 - 688
[17] TINO PYSSYSALO, PERTTI RAATIKAINEN, JUHA ZIDBECK. FSR - a Fair Switching Architecture [C].Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, New York: IEEE Press, 1995:116-123
[18] KHALEEL UR, RAHMAN, REDDY, RAFI U ZAMAN. An Efficient Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks[C]. International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, New York: IEEE Press, 2008:467-471
[19] KHALEEL UR RAHMAN KHAN, REDDY, RAFI U ZAMAN. An Efficient DSDV Routing Protocol for MANET and its usefulness for providing Internet Access to Ad Hoc Hosts[C]. TENCON 2008. IEEE Region 10 Conference. New York: IEEE Press,2008:1-6
[20] KHALEEL UR RAHMAN KHAN, A VENUGOPAL REDDY, RAFI U ZAMAN. An Efficient DSDV Routing Protocol for Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and its Performance Comparison[C]. IEEE Second UKSIM European Symposium on Computer Modeling and Simulation. New York: IEEE Press,2008:506-511
[21] http://nrlweb.cs.ucla.edu/publication/show/478
[22]王友贵,张春梅.无线局域网技术在校园中的应用[J].安庆师范学院学报.2003,9(1):97-99
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