基于OWL-S的Web服务发现研究
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摘要
如何快速和有效发现满足用户需求的Web服务成为现阶段Web服务研究领域的热点内容之一。在引入语义描述后,Web服务发现的查全率和查准率的到了提升,但其在匹配方式、匹配效率和服务选择等方面还存在许多不足。
本文围绕Web服务匹配和Web服务发现模型两个方面展开研究。首先,在分析经典Web服务匹配的算法基础上,本文采用分层匹配的思想提出了综合匹配算法;其次,本文给出了一个服务发现模型,对UDDI进行了语义扩充,并根据匹配算法的分层匹配思想提出服务分类发布算法。在服务发布时,模型把Web服务分成不同类别发布;服务发现时,模型采用阀值来控制Web服务的匹配数量,然后根据QoS来对匹配结果进行选择,返回满足用户需求的Web服务。最后,本文通过仿真对本文服务发现模型和匹配算法进行验证,结果表明该模型能够有效对Web服务进行发现,并且服务匹配算法在保证查全率和查准率的同时提高了服务匹配的速度。
本文的特点和创新主要有:
根据分层匹配的思想提出综合语义匹配算法,该算法在把Web服务分作三个匹配层次:服务分类、输出和输入,使得在服务匹配时有较高查全率和查准率的同时,减少相似度的计算量;
本文提出一个语义Web服务发现模型,对服务发现增加语义信息和QoS信息,并提出了一种分类发布算法,以及基于此的发现算法。在服务发现时,模型根据阀值过滤匹配结果,提高了发现速度。
To discovery Web services that meet user’s requirements quickly and effectively has become the key research field. The recall and precision of Web service discovery have been improved after introduced the semantic description. But there are many deficiencies, such as service matching, efficiency, etc in the Web service discovery.
Our studies include the matching of Web service and the model of Web service discovery in this thesis. First, we study on the matching of Web service which is the key of Web service discovery. By analysis of the classic matching algorithm, we propose a comprehensive matching algorithm that is adopt the idea of hierarchical matching; second, a model of Web service discovery is proposed in the thesis. In this model, we add the semantic into UDDI and a publication algorithm that based on the classification. After matching the description of publication and stored domain ontology, this model publishes the Web service into some classification. When we find a Web service, the number of matched Web service is limited by the threshold. Then, the model chooses the matched Web service with QoS and returns the Web service that can satisfy the user. In the end of thesis, we test the model and matching algorithm by simulation. The results show that the Web service can effectively be found and the matching algorithm can ensure the recall and precision while the increasing the speed of service matching.
The features and innovations of this thesis include:
The comprehensive matching algorithm divid the matching into three levels: service category, output and input, so it can ensure the recall and precision while reducing the similarity computation.
The proposed model of semantic Web service discovery add the semantic and QoS into service discovery and include a new publication algorithm. When service is discovering, the model use threshold to speed up the discovery.
本文围绕Web服务匹配和Web服务发现模型两个方面展开研究。首先,在分析经典Web服务匹配的算法基础上,本文采用分层匹配的思想提出了综合匹配算法;其次,本文给出了一个服务发现模型,对UDDI进行了语义扩充,并根据匹配算法的分层匹配思想提出服务分类发布算法。在服务发布时,模型把Web服务分成不同类别发布;服务发现时,模型采用阀值来控制Web服务的匹配数量,然后根据QoS来对匹配结果进行选择,返回满足用户需求的Web服务。最后,本文通过仿真对本文服务发现模型和匹配算法进行验证,结果表明该模型能够有效对Web服务进行发现,并且服务匹配算法在保证查全率和查准率的同时提高了服务匹配的速度。
本文的特点和创新主要有:
根据分层匹配的思想提出综合语义匹配算法,该算法在把Web服务分作三个匹配层次:服务分类、输出和输入,使得在服务匹配时有较高查全率和查准率的同时,减少相似度的计算量;
本文提出一个语义Web服务发现模型,对服务发现增加语义信息和QoS信息,并提出了一种分类发布算法,以及基于此的发现算法。在服务发现时,模型根据阀值过滤匹配结果,提高了发现速度。
To discovery Web services that meet user’s requirements quickly and effectively has become the key research field. The recall and precision of Web service discovery have been improved after introduced the semantic description. But there are many deficiencies, such as service matching, efficiency, etc in the Web service discovery.
Our studies include the matching of Web service and the model of Web service discovery in this thesis. First, we study on the matching of Web service which is the key of Web service discovery. By analysis of the classic matching algorithm, we propose a comprehensive matching algorithm that is adopt the idea of hierarchical matching; second, a model of Web service discovery is proposed in the thesis. In this model, we add the semantic into UDDI and a publication algorithm that based on the classification. After matching the description of publication and stored domain ontology, this model publishes the Web service into some classification. When we find a Web service, the number of matched Web service is limited by the threshold. Then, the model chooses the matched Web service with QoS and returns the Web service that can satisfy the user. In the end of thesis, we test the model and matching algorithm by simulation. The results show that the Web service can effectively be found and the matching algorithm can ensure the recall and precision while the increasing the speed of service matching.
The features and innovations of this thesis include:
The comprehensive matching algorithm divid the matching into three levels: service category, output and input, so it can ensure the recall and precision while reducing the similarity computation.
The proposed model of semantic Web service discovery add the semantic and QoS into service discovery and include a new publication algorithm. When service is discovering, the model use threshold to speed up the discovery.
引文
[1] Liang-Jie ZHANG, Jia ZHANG, Hong CAI. Services Computing [M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[2] W3C. Web Services Glossary [EB/01]. http://www.w3.org/tr/2004/note-ws-gloss-2004021.1
[3] Michael P.Papazoglou, Paolo Traverso, Schahram Dustdar, et al. Service-Oriented Computing:State of the Art and Research Challenges [J]. IEEE Computer Society, 2007, (11):64-71.
[4]岳昆,王晓玲,周傲英. Web服务发现核心技术研究:研究综述[J].软件学报,2004,(15):428-442.
[5] Tse-Ming Tsai,Han-Kuan Yu,Ping-Yao Liao,et al. Semantic Modeling among Web Services Interfaces for Services Integration-SOTA (Smart Office Task Automation) platform [J]. Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA'03),2003,(1):579-583.
[6] Sheila A.McIlraith,Tran Cao Son,Honglei Zeng. Semantic Web Services [J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems,2001,(16):46-53.
[7] D.Martinetal. Bringing Semantics to Web Services with OWL-S [J]. World Wide Web J,2007,(10):243-277.
[8] David Martin,John Domingue. Semantic Web Services [J]. Partl. Computer Society,IEEE,2007,(22):12-17.
[9] David Martin,John Domingue. Semantic Web Services [J]. Part2. Computer Society,IEEE,2007,(22):8-15.
[10] Paolucci M,Kawamura T,Payne T R, et al. Importing the Semantic Web in UDDI [J]. Proc of Web Services,E-Business and Semantic Web Workshop,2002:225-236.
[11] Matthias Klusch,Benedikt Fries,Mahboob Khalid,et al. OWLS-MX:Hybrid OWL-S Service Matchmaking [J]. Proc of AAAI Fall Symphony Agents and the Semantic Web,2005.
[12] Mehmet Senvar , Ayse Bener , Matchmaking of Semantic Web Services Using Semantic-Distance Information [J]. Spring-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2006:177-186.
[13]叶蕾,张斌.基于功能语义的Web服务发现方法[J].计算机研究与发展,2007,44(8):1357-1384.
[14] Sivashanmugam K,Verma K,Sheth A,et al. Adding Semantics to Web Services Standards [J]. Proc of t he 2003 Int'1 Conf on Web Services,2003:395-401.
[15] OWL-S Matcher. http://owlsm.projects.semwebcentral.org/
[16] Bo ZHOU,Tinglei HUANG. Semantic Web Service Discovery Search with Ontology Learning [J]. Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE'08),2008:1048-1051.
[17] Tian QIU,Pengfei LI. Web Service Discovery Based on Semantic Matching with UDDI [J]. The 9th International Conference for young Computer Scientists (ICYCS'08),2008:1229-1234.
[18] Lei LIU,Zhijian WANG,Jianhong CHEN. Fuzzy Ontology Model and Its Application in Semantic Web Service Description and Discovery [J]. The 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing Information and Control (ICICIC'08),2008,551-554.
[19] Chuan-chang LIU,Yong PENG,Jun-Bang CHEN. Web Services Description Ontology-based Service Discovery Model [J]. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'06),2006:633-636.
[20]刘传昌,陈俊良.目标Web服务描述本体和服务发现模型[J].计算机工程,2007,33(18):187-189.
[21] Dong SHOU,Chi-Hung CHI. A Clustering-based Approach for Assisting Semantic Web Service Retrieval [J]. IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS'08),2008:838-839.
[22] Jiangang MA,Yanchun ZHANG,Jing HE. Web Services Discovery based on Latent Semantic Approach [J]. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Web Services(ICWS'08),2008:740-747.
[23] Naveen Srinivasan,Massimo Paolucci,Katia Sycaea. Semantic Web Service Discovery in the OWL-S IDE [J]. In: Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2006:109-118.
[24]杨鑫.面向融合网络、基于Web Services的业务提供技术研究一体系结构、参考模型与基于服务组合的业务开发[D].北京:北京邮电大学博士学位论文,2005.
[25] Peter Britenham , Francisco Cubera.理解UDDI注册中心的WSDL [EB/01]. http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices.
[26] W3C. Web Services教程[EB/01]. http://www.w3school.com.cn/webservices/index.asp.
[27] W3C. SOAP教程[EB/01]. http://www.w3school.com.cn/soap.
[28] W3C. Semantic Web [EB/01]. http://www.w3.org/2001/SW/
[29] W3C. Ontology [EB/01]. http://www.w3.org/
[30] T.Berners-Lee,J.Hendler,O.Lassila. The Semantic Web [J]. Scientic American,2001,284(5):34-43.
[31]邓志鸿,唐世渭,张铭等. Ontology研究综述[J].北京大学学报,2002,38(5):730-738.
[32] Duineveld AJ,Stoter R,Weiden MR,Kenepa B,Benjamins VR.Wonder tools. A comparative study of ontological engineering tools [J]. Int’l Journal of Human-Computer Studies,2000,52(6):1111-1133.
[33] Studer Rudi,Richard Benjamins,Dieter Fensel. Knowledge Engineering:Principles and Methods [J]. Data and Knowledge Faagineering,1998,25(1-2):161-197.
[34]杜小勇,李曼,王珊.本体学习研究综述[J].软件学报,2006,17(9):1837-1847.
[35] W3C. Web Ontology Language [EB/01]. http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL
[36] W3C , Tim Bray , Dave Hollander. Namespaces in XML [EB/01]. http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114/
[37] Yuntao ZHANG,Lin GONG,Yongcheng WANG. An improved TF-IDF approach for text classification. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE,2005,(6):49-55.
[38] Tversky A. Features of Similarity [M]. Psychological Review,1977,84 (4):327.
[39] Graeme H,David S. Lexical Chainsas Representations of Context for the Detection and Correction of Malapropisms [J]. In Felbaum,1998:305-332.
[40] ResnikP. Using Information Content to Evaluate Semantic Similarity a Taxonomy [J]. Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence,Montreal,1995.
[41] Prasanna Ganesan,Hector Garcia-Molina,and Jennifer Windom. Exploiting Hierarchical Domain Structure to Compute Similarity [J]. ACM Transactions on Information Systems,2003,21(1):64-93.
[42]张薇.基于本体的Web服务发现机制的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学硕士论文,2008.
[43] Witold Abramowicz,Konstanty Haniewicz,Monika Kaczmarek,et al. Architecture for Web services filtering and clustering [J]. In: Second International Conference on Web Applications and Services (ICIW'07),2007:18-23.
[44]孙萍,蒋昌俊.利用聚类优化面向过程模型的语义Web服务发现[J].计算机学报,2008,31(8):1340-1353.
[45] Jian-ming ZHOU,Tian-lei ZHANG,Hui MENG,et al. Web Service Discovery based on Keyword clustering and ontology [J]. In: the IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GrC2008),2008:844-848.
[46] Giuseppe Fenza,Vincenzo Loia,Sabrina Senatore Member. Improving Fuzzy Service Matchmaking through Concept Matching Discovery [J]. In : the IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems,2007:1-6.
[47]姜瑛,辛国茂,杨芙清等.一种Web服务的测试数据自动生成方法[J].计算机学报,2005,28(4):568-577
[2] W3C. Web Services Glossary [EB/01]. http://www.w3.org/tr/2004/note-ws-gloss-2004021.1
[3] Michael P.Papazoglou, Paolo Traverso, Schahram Dustdar, et al. Service-Oriented Computing:State of the Art and Research Challenges [J]. IEEE Computer Society, 2007, (11):64-71.
[4]岳昆,王晓玲,周傲英. Web服务发现核心技术研究:研究综述[J].软件学报,2004,(15):428-442.
[5] Tse-Ming Tsai,Han-Kuan Yu,Ping-Yao Liao,et al. Semantic Modeling among Web Services Interfaces for Services Integration-SOTA (Smart Office Task Automation) platform [J]. Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA'03),2003,(1):579-583.
[6] Sheila A.McIlraith,Tran Cao Son,Honglei Zeng. Semantic Web Services [J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems,2001,(16):46-53.
[7] D.Martinetal. Bringing Semantics to Web Services with OWL-S [J]. World Wide Web J,2007,(10):243-277.
[8] David Martin,John Domingue. Semantic Web Services [J]. Partl. Computer Society,IEEE,2007,(22):12-17.
[9] David Martin,John Domingue. Semantic Web Services [J]. Part2. Computer Society,IEEE,2007,(22):8-15.
[10] Paolucci M,Kawamura T,Payne T R, et al. Importing the Semantic Web in UDDI [J]. Proc of Web Services,E-Business and Semantic Web Workshop,2002:225-236.
[11] Matthias Klusch,Benedikt Fries,Mahboob Khalid,et al. OWLS-MX:Hybrid OWL-S Service Matchmaking [J]. Proc of AAAI Fall Symphony Agents and the Semantic Web,2005.
[12] Mehmet Senvar , Ayse Bener , Matchmaking of Semantic Web Services Using Semantic-Distance Information [J]. Spring-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2006:177-186.
[13]叶蕾,张斌.基于功能语义的Web服务发现方法[J].计算机研究与发展,2007,44(8):1357-1384.
[14] Sivashanmugam K,Verma K,Sheth A,et al. Adding Semantics to Web Services Standards [J]. Proc of t he 2003 Int'1 Conf on Web Services,2003:395-401.
[15] OWL-S Matcher. http://owlsm.projects.semwebcentral.org/
[16] Bo ZHOU,Tinglei HUANG. Semantic Web Service Discovery Search with Ontology Learning [J]. Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE'08),2008:1048-1051.
[17] Tian QIU,Pengfei LI. Web Service Discovery Based on Semantic Matching with UDDI [J]. The 9th International Conference for young Computer Scientists (ICYCS'08),2008:1229-1234.
[18] Lei LIU,Zhijian WANG,Jianhong CHEN. Fuzzy Ontology Model and Its Application in Semantic Web Service Description and Discovery [J]. The 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing Information and Control (ICICIC'08),2008,551-554.
[19] Chuan-chang LIU,Yong PENG,Jun-Bang CHEN. Web Services Description Ontology-based Service Discovery Model [J]. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'06),2006:633-636.
[20]刘传昌,陈俊良.目标Web服务描述本体和服务发现模型[J].计算机工程,2007,33(18):187-189.
[21] Dong SHOU,Chi-Hung CHI. A Clustering-based Approach for Assisting Semantic Web Service Retrieval [J]. IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS'08),2008:838-839.
[22] Jiangang MA,Yanchun ZHANG,Jing HE. Web Services Discovery based on Latent Semantic Approach [J]. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Web Services(ICWS'08),2008:740-747.
[23] Naveen Srinivasan,Massimo Paolucci,Katia Sycaea. Semantic Web Service Discovery in the OWL-S IDE [J]. In: Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2006:109-118.
[24]杨鑫.面向融合网络、基于Web Services的业务提供技术研究一体系结构、参考模型与基于服务组合的业务开发[D].北京:北京邮电大学博士学位论文,2005.
[25] Peter Britenham , Francisco Cubera.理解UDDI注册中心的WSDL [EB/01]. http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices.
[26] W3C. Web Services教程[EB/01]. http://www.w3school.com.cn/webservices/index.asp.
[27] W3C. SOAP教程[EB/01]. http://www.w3school.com.cn/soap.
[28] W3C. Semantic Web [EB/01]. http://www.w3.org/2001/SW/
[29] W3C. Ontology [EB/01]. http://www.w3.org/
[30] T.Berners-Lee,J.Hendler,O.Lassila. The Semantic Web [J]. Scientic American,2001,284(5):34-43.
[31]邓志鸿,唐世渭,张铭等. Ontology研究综述[J].北京大学学报,2002,38(5):730-738.
[32] Duineveld AJ,Stoter R,Weiden MR,Kenepa B,Benjamins VR.Wonder tools. A comparative study of ontological engineering tools [J]. Int’l Journal of Human-Computer Studies,2000,52(6):1111-1133.
[33] Studer Rudi,Richard Benjamins,Dieter Fensel. Knowledge Engineering:Principles and Methods [J]. Data and Knowledge Faagineering,1998,25(1-2):161-197.
[34]杜小勇,李曼,王珊.本体学习研究综述[J].软件学报,2006,17(9):1837-1847.
[35] W3C. Web Ontology Language [EB/01]. http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL
[36] W3C , Tim Bray , Dave Hollander. Namespaces in XML [EB/01]. http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114/
[37] Yuntao ZHANG,Lin GONG,Yongcheng WANG. An improved TF-IDF approach for text classification. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE,2005,(6):49-55.
[38] Tversky A. Features of Similarity [M]. Psychological Review,1977,84 (4):327.
[39] Graeme H,David S. Lexical Chainsas Representations of Context for the Detection and Correction of Malapropisms [J]. In Felbaum,1998:305-332.
[40] ResnikP. Using Information Content to Evaluate Semantic Similarity a Taxonomy [J]. Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence,Montreal,1995.
[41] Prasanna Ganesan,Hector Garcia-Molina,and Jennifer Windom. Exploiting Hierarchical Domain Structure to Compute Similarity [J]. ACM Transactions on Information Systems,2003,21(1):64-93.
[42]张薇.基于本体的Web服务发现机制的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学硕士论文,2008.
[43] Witold Abramowicz,Konstanty Haniewicz,Monika Kaczmarek,et al. Architecture for Web services filtering and clustering [J]. In: Second International Conference on Web Applications and Services (ICIW'07),2007:18-23.
[44]孙萍,蒋昌俊.利用聚类优化面向过程模型的语义Web服务发现[J].计算机学报,2008,31(8):1340-1353.
[45] Jian-ming ZHOU,Tian-lei ZHANG,Hui MENG,et al. Web Service Discovery based on Keyword clustering and ontology [J]. In: the IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GrC2008),2008:844-848.
[46] Giuseppe Fenza,Vincenzo Loia,Sabrina Senatore Member. Improving Fuzzy Service Matchmaking through Concept Matching Discovery [J]. In : the IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems,2007:1-6.
[47]姜瑛,辛国茂,杨芙清等.一种Web服务的测试数据自动生成方法[J].计算机学报,2005,28(4):568-577