基于振弦式传感器的钢构建筑监测预警系统的设计
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摘要
随着国家经济建设事业的发展,各种大型钢构建筑越来越多。保障这些大型钢构建筑安全运营,对钢构建筑安全状况进行预警和监测具有重要的社会和经济意义。本文在对岩土工程中广泛应用的振弦传感器进行研究的基础上,设计一套钢构建筑安全监测预警系统。
本钢构建筑安全监测预警系统采用分布式数据采集方式,由监测节点模块、中间子站和监控主站三个层次组成,具有对多种物理量进行自动数据采集、分析、显示、预警、存储和查询等功能。预警系统主站监测软件采用C#面向对象语言编写,应用了泛型、委托、组件化开发等多种软件开发技术,使软件具有操作方便简单,人机界面友好,可扩展性强,健壮稳定易于维护等特点。
本文对振弦传感器的特性和工程应用进行研究,在此基础上创新的设计了监测节点模块硬件电路和控制程序,对振弦传感器的激振、拾振和测频系统也进行了新的设计。监测节点模块可以将多种传感器信号统一转换为频率信号,简化对传感器信号处理的过程,便于挂载多种形式的传感器,实现对监测节点的“立体式”监测。振弦传感器采用单线圈结构,并且应用光电管结合MCU进行振动信号反馈,不但简化了硬件电路,而且解除了激振和拾振中电磁干扰问题,提高了测量的精度和稳定性。激振中采用的扫频技术也使振弦的起振更加稳定可靠。
该监测预警系统软件设计稳定可靠、功能齐全、界面友好具有很强的可靠性和可扩展性,节点模块和振弦式传感器设计中新技术的应用也使其测量结果具有很高的精度和抗干扰能力。该系统非常适合在野外环境对大型钢构建筑安全情况进行预警和监测,具有广泛的应用前景。
With the development of national economic construction, all kinds of large-scale steel constructions were built.Protecting safe operation of these constructions and monitoring the safety situation has an important social and economic significance.In this paper,a steel construction safety monitoring and warning system is designed,which is based on the research of vibrating wire sensors.Vibrating wire sensors has a wide range of applications in the field of geotechnical engineering.
The steel construction safety monitoring and early-warning system is a distributed data acquisition system, which consists of three levels.They are monitoring node modules,sub-stations and host.The system has a lot of functions such as data collection,analysis,display,warning,storage and query.The software of system is developed by the object-oriented language C# .The application of generic,delegate and component development technologies make the software has a lot of merits such as easy to operate,friendly interface,scalability,robust and easy to maintain.
By researching the characteristics and engineering applications of vibrating wire sensors, the hardware circuit and control program of monitoring node modules is designed by an innovative method.In the mean time,vibrating wire sensor’s excitation,pick-up and frequency measurement system is designed by a new way.Through a unified interface of sensors the data process of the monitoring node modules can be simplified ,and easy to mount all kinds of sensors,achieveing“three-dimensional”monitoring.The vibrating wire sensors is single-coil structure and the vibration signal will be feedback through the phototube and MCU.This structure not only simplify the hardware circuit,but also solve the problem of electromagnetic interference which generated by the course of frequency’s excitation and pick-up,improve the measurement accuracy and stability of frequency.The application of sweeping frequency makes the vibration wire start-up more stable and reliable.
The software of monitoring and early-warning system is stable and reliable,full-featured,user-friendly,which has strong reliability and scalability.The application of new technologies in the node modules and vibrating wire sensors improves the measurement accuracy and the ability of anti-interference.With a wide range of applications,the system is very suitable for monitoring the safety situation of large-scale steel constructins in the wild.
本钢构建筑安全监测预警系统采用分布式数据采集方式,由监测节点模块、中间子站和监控主站三个层次组成,具有对多种物理量进行自动数据采集、分析、显示、预警、存储和查询等功能。预警系统主站监测软件采用C#面向对象语言编写,应用了泛型、委托、组件化开发等多种软件开发技术,使软件具有操作方便简单,人机界面友好,可扩展性强,健壮稳定易于维护等特点。
本文对振弦传感器的特性和工程应用进行研究,在此基础上创新的设计了监测节点模块硬件电路和控制程序,对振弦传感器的激振、拾振和测频系统也进行了新的设计。监测节点模块可以将多种传感器信号统一转换为频率信号,简化对传感器信号处理的过程,便于挂载多种形式的传感器,实现对监测节点的“立体式”监测。振弦传感器采用单线圈结构,并且应用光电管结合MCU进行振动信号反馈,不但简化了硬件电路,而且解除了激振和拾振中电磁干扰问题,提高了测量的精度和稳定性。激振中采用的扫频技术也使振弦的起振更加稳定可靠。
该监测预警系统软件设计稳定可靠、功能齐全、界面友好具有很强的可靠性和可扩展性,节点模块和振弦式传感器设计中新技术的应用也使其测量结果具有很高的精度和抗干扰能力。该系统非常适合在野外环境对大型钢构建筑安全情况进行预警和监测,具有广泛的应用前景。
With the development of national economic construction, all kinds of large-scale steel constructions were built.Protecting safe operation of these constructions and monitoring the safety situation has an important social and economic significance.In this paper,a steel construction safety monitoring and warning system is designed,which is based on the research of vibrating wire sensors.Vibrating wire sensors has a wide range of applications in the field of geotechnical engineering.
The steel construction safety monitoring and early-warning system is a distributed data acquisition system, which consists of three levels.They are monitoring node modules,sub-stations and host.The system has a lot of functions such as data collection,analysis,display,warning,storage and query.The software of system is developed by the object-oriented language C# .The application of generic,delegate and component development technologies make the software has a lot of merits such as easy to operate,friendly interface,scalability,robust and easy to maintain.
By researching the characteristics and engineering applications of vibrating wire sensors, the hardware circuit and control program of monitoring node modules is designed by an innovative method.In the mean time,vibrating wire sensor’s excitation,pick-up and frequency measurement system is designed by a new way.Through a unified interface of sensors the data process of the monitoring node modules can be simplified ,and easy to mount all kinds of sensors,achieveing“three-dimensional”monitoring.The vibrating wire sensors is single-coil structure and the vibration signal will be feedback through the phototube and MCU.This structure not only simplify the hardware circuit,but also solve the problem of electromagnetic interference which generated by the course of frequency’s excitation and pick-up,improve the measurement accuracy and stability of frequency.The application of sweeping frequency makes the vibration wire start-up more stable and reliable.
The software of monitoring and early-warning system is stable and reliable,full-featured,user-friendly,which has strong reliability and scalability.The application of new technologies in the node modules and vibrating wire sensors improves the measurement accuracy and the ability of anti-interference.With a wide range of applications,the system is very suitable for monitoring the safety situation of large-scale steel constructins in the wild.
引文
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[2]赵花城,水电站大坝安全监测自动化现状与发展目标[J],大坝与安全,2001,2:34～44
[3]郭成,马讯,贺晨鸿,大坝安全监测白动化系统设计中的几个问题[J],水力发电,2002,7:68～69
[4]王化祥,张淑英,传感器原理及应用(修订版)[M],天津:天津大学出版社,1999.7,4～18
[5]王化祥,自动检测技术[M],北京:化学工业出版社,2004.7,8～10
[6]强金龙,非电量电测技术[M],北京:高等教育出版社,1989.6,165～175
[7]方佩敏,新编传感器原理·应用·电路详解[M],北京:电子工业出版社,1994.10,204～212
[8]毛良明,王为胜,沈省三,振弦式传感器及自动化网络测量系统在桥梁安全监测系统中的应用[J],传感技术学报,2002,1:3～76
[9]白泽生,基于振弦式传感器测频系统的设计[J],现代电子技术,2007,13:135～137
[10]Feng Yu,Naren Gupta,An efficient model for improving performance of vibrating-wire instruments[J],Measurement,2005,37:278～283
[11]洪水棕,现代测试技术[M],上海:上海交通大学出版社,2002.5,154～159
[12]王清标,吕爱钟,邓铁六,长效振弦式锚索测力计应用研究[J],岩土力学,2003.10,(23)1:150～153
[13]Sreeshylam P,Pavisankar K,Parivallal S,Condition monitoring of prestressed concrete structures using vibrating wire sensors,International Journal of COMADEM,v11,n3,p 46-54,July 2008
[14]邓铁六,王清标,胡建民等,振弦传感器技术的新进展及新型锚索测力计[J],岩土力学与工程学报,2001.10,20(曾刊),1769～1771
[15]冯英,传感器电路原理与制作[M],成都:成都科技大学出版社,1997,486～494
[16]Denq Tieliu,Yu Fenq,Hu Jianming,Some new developments of self-excitation vibrating-wire sensor technology,Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,v 4414,p 226-230,2001
[17]Yu Feng,Gupta,Naren,An efficient model for improving performance of vibrating-wire instruments,Measurement:Journal of the International Measurement Confederation,v 37,n 3,p 278-283,April 2005
[18]Denq T,Wanq Q,Hu J,New developments of self-excitation vibrating-wire sensor technology and new type force sensor for pulling force measurement of anchor cable,Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,v 20,n SUPPL,p 1769-1771,October 2001
[19]崔玉亮,邓铁六,于凤,谐振式传感器理论及测试技术[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997,111～122
[20]吴卿,候建军,基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的振弦式传感器测频系统的设计与应用[J],北京交通大学学报[J],2006,30(5):92～95
[21]崔玉亮,邓铁六,于凤,谐振式传感器理论及测试技术[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997
[22]徐律,刘华,振弦式传感器信号采集及数据处理[J],工业安全与防尘,2000,1:16～19
[23]钱占军,李彤,振弦式压力传感器数据采集接口设计[J],测井技术,1994,6:450～455
[24]白泰礼,何羚,王彩云等,基于振弦式传感器的多功能智能检测仪[J],传感器技术,2004,(23)3:60～66
[25]张大波,嵌入式系统[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2008.6,209～210
[26]季昱,ARM嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2005.7,1～150
[27]张茹,嵌入式系统技术基础[M],北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006.1,20～21
[28]张德民,信号与系统分析[M],北京:高等教育出版社,2006.9,57
[29]刘树棠(译),信号与系统[M],陕西:西安交通大学出版社,1998,302～350
[30]李亚荣,信号分析与处理[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.3,7～68
[31]高友,振弦式传感器测量过程中干扰问题的解决[J],仪表技术与传感器,2007,2:54～55
[32]江修,经亚枝,张焕春,基于扫频激振技术的单线圈振弦式传感器[J],传感器技术,2001,20(5)
[33]李全利,迟荣强,单片机原理及接口技术[M],北京:高等教育出版社,2004.1,117～221
[34]罗学恒,单片机实用教程—单片机原理·汇编语言·接口技术[M],北京:高等教育出版社,2006.9,80～114
[35]谭浩强,C程序设计[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1999.12,13～141
[36]江修,经亚枝,张焕春,用等精度测频方法实现振弦式传感器频率测量[J],传感器技术,2001,(20)6:53～55
[37]Erich Gamma等(著),李英军,马晓星等(译),设计模式:可复用面向对象软件的基础[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2005,83～126
[38]苗雪兰,刘瑞新,宋会群等,数据库系统原理及应用教程[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2004.3,93～128
[39]Roger S.Pressman,软件工程[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2001,21～56
[40]金旭亮,编程的奥秘—.NET软件技术学习与实践[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2006.1,471～486
[41]刘甲耀,严桂兰,C#程序设计教程[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2007.2,356～377
[42]周鸣扬,GDI+程序设计实例[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004,25～52
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