架空通风地板节能热工设计研究
|
摘要
夏热冬冷地区建筑中普遍存在着架空通风地板的形式,它应气候条件和人们对良好的室内居住环境的要求而生,对室内热环境有着经实践检验的积极作用。
《民用建筑热工设计规范》里针对湿热地区地板易结露的问题提出使用架空地板。在节能建筑正在推广的今天,《夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准》中规定底部完全开敞自然通风的架空楼板其传热系数限值为1.5W/(㎡·k),但未对利用通风口通风的架空通风地板的传热系数限值作出规定,造成该技术在节能建筑中无法得到推广。
本文在梅雨季节对各种做法地板进行对比实验,数据表明架空通风地板比起其他构造的地板能明显的降低室内空气湿度,具有显著的优越性;选择一种架空通风地板进行冬、夏季监测实验。冬夏两季数据非常明显的反映出,架空通风层内温度异于室外空气温度——在夏季远低于室外温度,而冬季则高于室外温度。使得架空通风地板能够大大改善房间热环境,调节室内温度,明显减少房间空调负荷。
文章接下来重点研究架空通风地板热工设计参数。该部分研究以理论分析为基础,建立一个架空通风地板稳定传热模型,分析架空通风地板传热系数与通风口通风量之间的关系,提出地板传热系数计算公式。由此得知通风口通风量对地板的传热系数有很大的影响。
在理论分析和实地调研的基础上,运用PHOENICS软件对各种不同情况的架空通风地板进行大量的模拟。分别改变模型中架空通风地板的通风口面积大小、架空通风地板的地板面积、外界风环境、以及架空通风地板内部构造。了解各种因素对架空通风地板通风口通风量的影响情况。并总结出当通风口大小和地板面积大小变化时,通风量变化的情况。
之后,本文根据模拟得到的通风量数据和理论分析得到的地板传热系数计算公式,计算地板达到节能要求的传热系数限值随单位地板通风口面积变化的情况,并绘制出了直观的变化曲线。建筑师可根据建筑的通风口大小和地板面积大小之比,选择合适的架空通风地板传热系数限值,并以此选择保温材料和做法。
最后,为解决地板保温隔热和防止结露之间的矛盾,提出了可变通风口通风地板的设想,并具体到水平活动通风百叶和垂直活动通风百叶两种做法。并对这一构造的做法、管理方法、效果、经济成本作出了分析和评价。
The raised ventilated floor is prevalent exist in regional building where hot in summer and cold in winter. It generate by the region climate and the ask of upstanding interior resident environment of inhabitant. It shows the positive work to the interior heat environment.
Civilian Construction Heat Physical Design Specification proposed that use raised flooring to avoid moisture condensation of floor. In nowadays, energy-saving building being popularize, Hot-summer and Cold-winter Region Residential Architecture Energy-saving Design Standard prescribes that the heat transfer coefficient of raised flooring which been totally open is 1.5W/(㎡·k). But there is no parameters for the raised ventilated flooring, make it meet the obstacle of been popularized.
In this article we through the experiment that comparison several kinds of floor in bai-u rainy period, could easily found that raised ventilated flooring could reduce the interior air moisture notably; the raised ventilated flooring heat physical monitor experiment through whole year show that in the summer and winter, the ventilated layer air temperature is different from outer air temperature, which is lower in summer and higher in winter, makes the raised ventilated flooring could improve the interior heat environment notably, adjust the interior air temperature, reduce the air conditioner energy burden.
This article base on the theoretical analysis, build raised ventilated flooring steady heat transfer models. Then analysis the relationship between the raised flooring heat transfer coefficient and the ventilated quantity, raised the computing formula of floor heat transfer coefficient limit value, which show that the ventilated quantity make great influence on heat transfer coefficient.
Base on the theoretical analysis and fieldwork, use the computer software PHOENICS to do vast imitation about several kinds of raised ventilated flooring. Change the intake area of raised ventilated flooring, environment wind situation, interior structure of raised ventilated flooring and floor area. Found out the effect took by these factors to the ventilated quantity. Then sum up the changing of ventilated quantity when intake area and floor area changes.
Then article base on the computing formula of floor heat transfer coefficient and imitate ventilated quantity to calculate the situation that floor heat transfer coefficient changes by the changing of elemental area intake area, then draw the curve image by the result. the architect, who definite the intake and floor area, could found the right heat transfer coefficient and heat insulator.
At last, by the purpose that resolve the contradiction of floor heat preservation and prevent moisture condensation, bring up the assume of moveable ventilated flooring. Which include two construction that horizontal movable ventilated blind and vertical movable ventilated blind. And the article gives the analysis and justice to the structure、management、effective and economical cost of the movable ventilated flooring
《民用建筑热工设计规范》里针对湿热地区地板易结露的问题提出使用架空地板。在节能建筑正在推广的今天,《夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准》中规定底部完全开敞自然通风的架空楼板其传热系数限值为1.5W/(㎡·k),但未对利用通风口通风的架空通风地板的传热系数限值作出规定,造成该技术在节能建筑中无法得到推广。
本文在梅雨季节对各种做法地板进行对比实验,数据表明架空通风地板比起其他构造的地板能明显的降低室内空气湿度,具有显著的优越性;选择一种架空通风地板进行冬、夏季监测实验。冬夏两季数据非常明显的反映出,架空通风层内温度异于室外空气温度——在夏季远低于室外温度,而冬季则高于室外温度。使得架空通风地板能够大大改善房间热环境,调节室内温度,明显减少房间空调负荷。
文章接下来重点研究架空通风地板热工设计参数。该部分研究以理论分析为基础,建立一个架空通风地板稳定传热模型,分析架空通风地板传热系数与通风口通风量之间的关系,提出地板传热系数计算公式。由此得知通风口通风量对地板的传热系数有很大的影响。
在理论分析和实地调研的基础上,运用PHOENICS软件对各种不同情况的架空通风地板进行大量的模拟。分别改变模型中架空通风地板的通风口面积大小、架空通风地板的地板面积、外界风环境、以及架空通风地板内部构造。了解各种因素对架空通风地板通风口通风量的影响情况。并总结出当通风口大小和地板面积大小变化时,通风量变化的情况。
之后,本文根据模拟得到的通风量数据和理论分析得到的地板传热系数计算公式,计算地板达到节能要求的传热系数限值随单位地板通风口面积变化的情况,并绘制出了直观的变化曲线。建筑师可根据建筑的通风口大小和地板面积大小之比,选择合适的架空通风地板传热系数限值,并以此选择保温材料和做法。
最后,为解决地板保温隔热和防止结露之间的矛盾,提出了可变通风口通风地板的设想,并具体到水平活动通风百叶和垂直活动通风百叶两种做法。并对这一构造的做法、管理方法、效果、经济成本作出了分析和评价。
The raised ventilated floor is prevalent exist in regional building where hot in summer and cold in winter. It generate by the region climate and the ask of upstanding interior resident environment of inhabitant. It shows the positive work to the interior heat environment.
Civilian Construction Heat Physical Design Specification proposed that use raised flooring to avoid moisture condensation of floor. In nowadays, energy-saving building being popularize, Hot-summer and Cold-winter Region Residential Architecture Energy-saving Design Standard prescribes that the heat transfer coefficient of raised flooring which been totally open is 1.5W/(㎡·k). But there is no parameters for the raised ventilated flooring, make it meet the obstacle of been popularized.
In this article we through the experiment that comparison several kinds of floor in bai-u rainy period, could easily found that raised ventilated flooring could reduce the interior air moisture notably; the raised ventilated flooring heat physical monitor experiment through whole year show that in the summer and winter, the ventilated layer air temperature is different from outer air temperature, which is lower in summer and higher in winter, makes the raised ventilated flooring could improve the interior heat environment notably, adjust the interior air temperature, reduce the air conditioner energy burden.
This article base on the theoretical analysis, build raised ventilated flooring steady heat transfer models. Then analysis the relationship between the raised flooring heat transfer coefficient and the ventilated quantity, raised the computing formula of floor heat transfer coefficient limit value, which show that the ventilated quantity make great influence on heat transfer coefficient.
Base on the theoretical analysis and fieldwork, use the computer software PHOENICS to do vast imitation about several kinds of raised ventilated flooring. Change the intake area of raised ventilated flooring, environment wind situation, interior structure of raised ventilated flooring and floor area. Found out the effect took by these factors to the ventilated quantity. Then sum up the changing of ventilated quantity when intake area and floor area changes.
Then article base on the computing formula of floor heat transfer coefficient and imitate ventilated quantity to calculate the situation that floor heat transfer coefficient changes by the changing of elemental area intake area, then draw the curve image by the result. the architect, who definite the intake and floor area, could found the right heat transfer coefficient and heat insulator.
At last, by the purpose that resolve the contradiction of floor heat preservation and prevent moisture condensation, bring up the assume of moveable ventilated flooring. Which include two construction that horizontal movable ventilated blind and vertical movable ventilated blind. And the article gives the analysis and justice to the structure、management、effective and economical cost of the movable ventilated flooring
引文
[1]杜晓伟,路正南.我国可持续发展过程中能源问题的战略选择[J].商场现代化,2006.10.
[2]胡萌.我国的经济增长和能源需求[J].中国国土资源经济,2006.09.
[3]付祥钊.夏热冬冷地区建筑节能技术[M] .中国建筑工业出版社,2002.10.
[4]蒋志峰.超低能耗建筑技术及应用[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[5]菜琼珞.我国城市建筑节能的思考与研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2005.2.VOL2.
[6]武涌.“十一五”建筑节能工作思路及2006年建筑节能工作计划[C].高层论坛墙材革新建筑节能与建设节约型社会,2005.
[7]仇保兴.“十一五”建设科技工作的主要目标、任务和对策、措施[J].中国建筑金属结构,2006.9.
[8]涂逢祥.英国建筑节能概述[J].新型建筑材料,1997.12.
[9]宋德萱.节能建筑设计与技术[M].同济大学出版社,2003. 7.
[10]中华人民共和国国家标准GB50176-93[S].民用建筑热工设计规范,1993.
[11]建筑节能&绿色建筑论坛[EB/01] .http://bbs.topenergy.org/thread-12689-1-1.html
[12]丁羽新.基于生态理念的住宅改造研究[D].同济大学硕士论文,2006.4.
[13]周才志,黄恒栋.建筑热环境与建筑节能控制指标研究[J].江汉大学学报(自然科学版),2002.12.VOL19.
[14]黄恒栋,黄煜.室内空调条件下围护结构(墙体、屋盖)的隔热控制[J].华中建筑,2002.5.VOL20.
[15]重庆市地形地貌[EB/01].http://www.cqates.com/cqsoil/dixingdimao.com
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准GB50176-93[S].民用建筑热工设计规范,1993.
[17]重庆市气候资源[EB/01].http://www.121.cq.cn/service/cqweather.htm.
[18]金一谔.气候学研究[M].气象出版社,1989.
[19]重庆市[EB/01].hhtp://www.cctv.com.
[20]建筑设计资料集编委会.建筑设计资料集[S].中国建筑工业出版社,1994.06.
[21]重庆自然概貌[EB/01] .http://www.mzb.com.cn.
[22]贺建红.地域性建筑研究[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士论文,2004.7.
[23]李愉.应对气候的建筑设计——在重庆湿热山地条件下的研究[D].重庆大学硕士论文,2006.12.
[24]周浩明,张晓东.生态建筑——面向未来的建筑[M].东南大学出版社,2002.3.
[25] G. Zhanga,J. Yanga,A.C. Sidwella.Raised floor system: A paradigm of future office building fitout[J].Advances in Building Technology .2002.
[26] Wei Tian etc.effect of urban climate on building integrated photovoltaics performance [J].energy conversion and management.2007.48.
[27]杨丹.重庆吊脚楼民居初探[J].室内设计,2006.4.
[28]曾宇.川渝地区民居营造技术研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[29]卢济威,王海松.山地建筑设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2001.2.
[30]李震,刘志勇,徐千里.重庆巴南清代民居初探[M].华中建筑,2006.11.VOL24.
[31]李必瑜.建筑构造(上册)[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1996.11.
[32]谢浩,杨楚屏.优化防潮设计改善建筑环境[M].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003.10.VOL35.
[33]倪萍.住宅底层地面潮湿的原因和防潮措施[J].建筑工人,1999.05.
[34]陈公余.架空地板下空间的通风与排水[J].建筑工人,2000.11.
[35]陈启高.建筑热物理基础[M] .西安交通大学出版社,1991.
[36]窦懋羽.重庆市住宅小区热环境分析和设计策略研究[D].重庆大学硕士论文,2007.4.
[37]中华人民共和国国家标准GB50176-93[S].民用建筑热工设计规范,1993.
[2]胡萌.我国的经济增长和能源需求[J].中国国土资源经济,2006.09.
[3]付祥钊.夏热冬冷地区建筑节能技术[M] .中国建筑工业出版社,2002.10.
[4]蒋志峰.超低能耗建筑技术及应用[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[5]菜琼珞.我国城市建筑节能的思考与研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2005.2.VOL2.
[6]武涌.“十一五”建筑节能工作思路及2006年建筑节能工作计划[C].高层论坛墙材革新建筑节能与建设节约型社会,2005.
[7]仇保兴.“十一五”建设科技工作的主要目标、任务和对策、措施[J].中国建筑金属结构,2006.9.
[8]涂逢祥.英国建筑节能概述[J].新型建筑材料,1997.12.
[9]宋德萱.节能建筑设计与技术[M].同济大学出版社,2003. 7.
[10]中华人民共和国国家标准GB50176-93[S].民用建筑热工设计规范,1993.
[11]建筑节能&绿色建筑论坛[EB/01] .http://bbs.topenergy.org/thread-12689-1-1.html
[12]丁羽新.基于生态理念的住宅改造研究[D].同济大学硕士论文,2006.4.
[13]周才志,黄恒栋.建筑热环境与建筑节能控制指标研究[J].江汉大学学报(自然科学版),2002.12.VOL19.
[14]黄恒栋,黄煜.室内空调条件下围护结构(墙体、屋盖)的隔热控制[J].华中建筑,2002.5.VOL20.
[15]重庆市地形地貌[EB/01].http://www.cqates.com/cqsoil/dixingdimao.com
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准GB50176-93[S].民用建筑热工设计规范,1993.
[17]重庆市气候资源[EB/01].http://www.121.cq.cn/service/cqweather.htm.
[18]金一谔.气候学研究[M].气象出版社,1989.
[19]重庆市[EB/01].hhtp://www.cctv.com.
[20]建筑设计资料集编委会.建筑设计资料集[S].中国建筑工业出版社,1994.06.
[21]重庆自然概貌[EB/01] .http://www.mzb.com.cn.
[22]贺建红.地域性建筑研究[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士论文,2004.7.
[23]李愉.应对气候的建筑设计——在重庆湿热山地条件下的研究[D].重庆大学硕士论文,2006.12.
[24]周浩明,张晓东.生态建筑——面向未来的建筑[M].东南大学出版社,2002.3.
[25] G. Zhanga,J. Yanga,A.C. Sidwella.Raised floor system: A paradigm of future office building fitout[J].Advances in Building Technology .2002.
[26] Wei Tian etc.effect of urban climate on building integrated photovoltaics performance [J].energy conversion and management.2007.48.
[27]杨丹.重庆吊脚楼民居初探[J].室内设计,2006.4.
[28]曾宇.川渝地区民居营造技术研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[29]卢济威,王海松.山地建筑设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2001.2.
[30]李震,刘志勇,徐千里.重庆巴南清代民居初探[M].华中建筑,2006.11.VOL24.
[31]李必瑜.建筑构造(上册)[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1996.11.
[32]谢浩,杨楚屏.优化防潮设计改善建筑环境[M].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003.10.VOL35.
[33]倪萍.住宅底层地面潮湿的原因和防潮措施[J].建筑工人,1999.05.
[34]陈公余.架空地板下空间的通风与排水[J].建筑工人,2000.11.
[35]陈启高.建筑热物理基础[M] .西安交通大学出版社,1991.
[36]窦懋羽.重庆市住宅小区热环境分析和设计策略研究[D].重庆大学硕士论文,2007.4.
[37]中华人民共和国国家标准GB50176-93[S].民用建筑热工设计规范,1993.