小型冷库特性仿真研究
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摘要
本文运用“制冷系统热动力学”理论，以“动态”、“分布参数”和“参数间定量耦合”的观点，用“微元”的方法，对型号D045—35／110GFD蒸发器、型号LCU-32FJ冷凝机组和型号TEX2-2.3热力膨胀阀等主要部件组成的小型冷库的结构特点和运行性能进行了理论和实验研究。本文主要内容如下：
首先，建立了制冷装置各主要部件的数学模型。压缩机采用集中参数模型；换热器采用动态分布参数的分相模型；热力膨胀阀采用集中参数动态模型；通过对冷库维护结构的特点分析，采用边界条件简化处理的方法，建立相应的动态参数数学模型。
其次，在上述研究的基础上，分析小型冷库制冷系统和强迫对流空气冷却系统各部件参数的耦合关系，并采用适合动态仿真的计算方法，对小型冷库仿真模型进行计算，计算结果和实验结果吻合较好。
最后，为了进一步了解小型冷库两个组成系统间的匹配特性，用PHOENICS数值计算专用软件对冷库内三维流场和温度场分布特性作了计算，并在计算中考虑浮升力的影响，计算结果与特征点的实验结果基本一致。然后再将蒸发器置于不同位置进行计算，对计算结果进行比较分析，结果表明冷库内蒸发器位置的不同对流场和温度场影响较大。
上述理论和实验研究，为小型冷库动态仿真和优化提供了一定的理论基础。
Based on the theory of thermodynamic of refrigeration system, i.e., the viewpoint of dynamic, distributed parameters and parameters quantitatively coupled, and with the application of microelement method, this thesis is contains a theoretical and experimental research on the structural characteristics and performance of small-scale cold storage. Main contents of this thesis are as what follows:
First, the key component sub-models for a small-scale cold storage are developed. Concentrative parameter model and non-homogeneous model of dynamic distribution parameter are respectively adopted in the compressor and the heat exchangers. A dynamic concentrative parameter model is adopted in the thermostatic expansion valve On the basis of the analysis of the characteristics of enclosure structure, the dynamic mathematics model is established through the simplification of boundary condition.
Second, on the basis of the above study, the coupled relationship among parameters of every part of refrigeration system and air convection cool system of small-scale cold storage is deeply analyzed and some appropriate numerical techniques are put forward for dynamic simulation. A dynamic simulation model of the small-scale cold storage refrigeration installation is established and calculated. Calculation results fit experimental data well.
At last, in order to further discover the matching between the two systems of small-scale cold storage, PHOENICS-CFD general software is applied in the study on 3-D distributions of the airflow and temperature fields in the chamber of the small-scale cold storage. Buoyancy model in the simulation are considered and the results are in agreement with the experimental data. Then the 3-D airflow and temperature fields are calculated respectively in different positions of evaporator. A comparison of different calculation results shows that the difference between evaporator positions much influents the 3-D distributions of the airflow and temperature fields.
The above theoretical and experimental researches offer a theoretical basis for dynamic simulation and optimization of small-scale cold storage.
首先，建立了制冷装置各主要部件的数学模型。压缩机采用集中参数模型；换热器采用动态分布参数的分相模型；热力膨胀阀采用集中参数动态模型；通过对冷库维护结构的特点分析，采用边界条件简化处理的方法，建立相应的动态参数数学模型。
其次，在上述研究的基础上，分析小型冷库制冷系统和强迫对流空气冷却系统各部件参数的耦合关系，并采用适合动态仿真的计算方法，对小型冷库仿真模型进行计算，计算结果和实验结果吻合较好。
最后，为了进一步了解小型冷库两个组成系统间的匹配特性，用PHOENICS数值计算专用软件对冷库内三维流场和温度场分布特性作了计算，并在计算中考虑浮升力的影响，计算结果与特征点的实验结果基本一致。然后再将蒸发器置于不同位置进行计算，对计算结果进行比较分析，结果表明冷库内蒸发器位置的不同对流场和温度场影响较大。
上述理论和实验研究，为小型冷库动态仿真和优化提供了一定的理论基础。
Based on the theory of thermodynamic of refrigeration system, i.e., the viewpoint of dynamic, distributed parameters and parameters quantitatively coupled, and with the application of microelement method, this thesis is contains a theoretical and experimental research on the structural characteristics and performance of small-scale cold storage. Main contents of this thesis are as what follows:
First, the key component sub-models for a small-scale cold storage are developed. Concentrative parameter model and non-homogeneous model of dynamic distribution parameter are respectively adopted in the compressor and the heat exchangers. A dynamic concentrative parameter model is adopted in the thermostatic expansion valve On the basis of the analysis of the characteristics of enclosure structure, the dynamic mathematics model is established through the simplification of boundary condition.
Second, on the basis of the above study, the coupled relationship among parameters of every part of refrigeration system and air convection cool system of small-scale cold storage is deeply analyzed and some appropriate numerical techniques are put forward for dynamic simulation. A dynamic simulation model of the small-scale cold storage refrigeration installation is established and calculated. Calculation results fit experimental data well.
At last, in order to further discover the matching between the two systems of small-scale cold storage, PHOENICS-CFD general software is applied in the study on 3-D distributions of the airflow and temperature fields in the chamber of the small-scale cold storage. Buoyancy model in the simulation are considered and the results are in agreement with the experimental data. Then the 3-D airflow and temperature fields are calculated respectively in different positions of evaporator. A comparison of different calculation results shows that the difference between evaporator positions much influents the 3-D distributions of the airflow and temperature fields.
The above theoretical and experimental researches offer a theoretical basis for dynamic simulation and optimization of small-scale cold storage.
引文
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