自能式SF_6断路器开断过程的计算与分析
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摘要
由于SF_6气体具有优良的绝缘性能和灭弧性能，近年来SF_6气体越来越广泛地应用于高压断路器中。利用计算机辅助计算模拟开断过程中灭弧室内的气流场特性对于优化断路器的设计及节约试验费用具有重要的意义。
本文配合平顶山天鹰集团开发研制的252kV自能式SF_6断路器，建立了相应的灭弧室气流场数学模型，提出了一种利用流体计算软件和自编程相结合的方法对灭弧室内的气流场进行计算。对自能式SF_6断路器开断过程中电弧及气流场间相互作用进行了模拟，得到了各个时刻膨胀室的状态参数及灭弧室内气流场、电弧的动态特性。
本文分析计算了起始压力、膨胀室体积及喷口喉部直径的变化对断路器空载特性的影响，给出了断路器膨胀室状态参数及灭弧室内气流场在断路器开断过程中的变化，得到了自能式SF_6断路器固有的特性。
对断路器负载时的气流场特性进行了计算。说明了膨胀室压力上升的机理。分析了电流过零时喷口内电弧参数变化的原因，此外，从理论上对所研究的断路器的开断性能进行了分析。并且对同等级下压气式断路器和自能式断路器进行了比较，表明本文所研究的自能式断路器是可以利用电弧能量熄灭电弧本身达到减小操作功的目的。
In these years, SF6 gas is widely used in the high voltage circuit breaker because of its excellent insulating and arc-quenching character .It is very meaningful to optimize the design of circuit breaker and save the expenditure of test by using the computer auxiliary computation.
In this paper, The gas flow is simulated in the 252kV Self-Extinguishing Type SF6 Circuit Breaker which is being studied by the TianYing company in PingDingshan. The idea which combines the self-programmed method and the fluid computation software is presented. The interaction between the arc and the gas flow is simulated during interruption by using the idea. The state parameters of the expansion volume, the dynamic properties of arc and flow field parameters during the breaking process are obtained.
The paper calculates and analyzes the influences of the initial pressure, the volume of the expansion chamber, and the throat diameter of the nozzle on the non-loaded performance of the circuit breaker, and presents the variation of the state parameters of the expansion volume and the flow field during interruption period, also predicts the nature of the self-extinguishing circuit breaker.
The load performance of the circuit breaker are analyzed. The theory of the expansion volume pressure rise is predicted. Analyzing the variation of the nozzle arc parameters at current zero, In addition, analyzing the breaking property of the studied circuit breaker on the basis of the theory. The blasting circuit breaker and the studied self-extinguishing circuit breaker that are in the same voltage level are compared. It proves that the arc energy can be used to help build the pressure of the expansion chamber and extinguishing the arc in order to lessen the driven energy.
本文配合平顶山天鹰集团开发研制的252kV自能式SF_6断路器，建立了相应的灭弧室气流场数学模型，提出了一种利用流体计算软件和自编程相结合的方法对灭弧室内的气流场进行计算。对自能式SF_6断路器开断过程中电弧及气流场间相互作用进行了模拟，得到了各个时刻膨胀室的状态参数及灭弧室内气流场、电弧的动态特性。
本文分析计算了起始压力、膨胀室体积及喷口喉部直径的变化对断路器空载特性的影响，给出了断路器膨胀室状态参数及灭弧室内气流场在断路器开断过程中的变化，得到了自能式SF_6断路器固有的特性。
对断路器负载时的气流场特性进行了计算。说明了膨胀室压力上升的机理。分析了电流过零时喷口内电弧参数变化的原因，此外，从理论上对所研究的断路器的开断性能进行了分析。并且对同等级下压气式断路器和自能式断路器进行了比较，表明本文所研究的自能式断路器是可以利用电弧能量熄灭电弧本身达到减小操作功的目的。
In these years, SF6 gas is widely used in the high voltage circuit breaker because of its excellent insulating and arc-quenching character .It is very meaningful to optimize the design of circuit breaker and save the expenditure of test by using the computer auxiliary computation.
In this paper, The gas flow is simulated in the 252kV Self-Extinguishing Type SF6 Circuit Breaker which is being studied by the TianYing company in PingDingshan. The idea which combines the self-programmed method and the fluid computation software is presented. The interaction between the arc and the gas flow is simulated during interruption by using the idea. The state parameters of the expansion volume, the dynamic properties of arc and flow field parameters during the breaking process are obtained.
The paper calculates and analyzes the influences of the initial pressure, the volume of the expansion chamber, and the throat diameter of the nozzle on the non-loaded performance of the circuit breaker, and presents the variation of the state parameters of the expansion volume and the flow field during interruption period, also predicts the nature of the self-extinguishing circuit breaker.
The load performance of the circuit breaker are analyzed. The theory of the expansion volume pressure rise is predicted. Analyzing the variation of the nozzle arc parameters at current zero, In addition, analyzing the breaking property of the studied circuit breaker on the basis of the theory. The blasting circuit breaker and the studied self-extinguishing circuit breaker that are in the same voltage level are compared. It proves that the arc energy can be used to help build the pressure of the expansion chamber and extinguishing the arc in order to lessen the driven energy.
引文
[1] 张节容，钱家俪等．高压电器原理和应用，清华大学出版社，1989年。
[2] 清华大学高压教研组编，高压断路器，电力工业出版社，1980年。
[3] 王其平．电器电弧理论 机械工业出版社，1991年。
[4] 李冶，林莘．高压SF6断路器的技术进步——自能灭弧室与弹簧操动机构，高压开关行业通讯，2000．3，P31
[5] H.Sasao, S.Hamano,Y.Wada, et al.Development of a magnet-assisted Autopuffer GCB,IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery, 1990,5(3):pp. 1355-1361
[6] G.Bernard ,A.Griard ,P.Malkin ,et al. An SF_6 autoexpansion breaker:The corrlation between magnertic arc control and crictical current. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1990, 5(1):pp. 197-201
[7] 李建基．高中压开关设备实用技术，机械工业出版社，2001年。
[8] A.Gleizes, A.Mahieddin Rahal,H.Delacroix, et al. Study of a circuit-breaker arc with self-generated flow: Part Ⅰ- Energery transfer in the high-current phase, IEEE Trans,on Plasma Science, 1988,16(6):pp. 616-622
[9] A.Gleizes,M.Mithiche,Pham Van Doan. Study of a circuit-breaker arc with self-generated flow: Part Ⅲ- the post-arc phase. IEEE, Trans. on Plasma Sciene, 1991,19(1):pp. 12-19
[10] A.Gleizes, A Mahieddin Rahal,H.Delacroix, et al. Study of a circuit-breaker are with self-generated flow: Part Ⅰ-Energy transfer in the high-current phase. IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science, 1988,16(6):pp. 607-612
[11] Slepian J. The Extinction of a Long A-C Arc.Trans.ATEE,1930,49(2):p421
[12] Lowke J J, Ludwing H C.A simple model for high current arcs stabilized by forced convection. J Apple.Phys., 1975,46:pp.3325-3329
[13] Cowley M D. Intergral methods of arc analysis, J. Phys D: Appl.Phys,. 1974,7:pp.2218-2222
[14] Fang M T C, Brannen D, Jonse G R. An analytical metheos for the design of circuit breaker nozzles. Symp.on High Voltages Swithching Equipment, 1979
[15] Hermann W, Rangaller K Theoretical description of the current interruption in
gas breaker. IEEE Trans. on PAS, 1977,96(5):pp. 154-1555
[16] Swanson B W. Nozzle arc interruption in supersonic flow. IEEE. Trans on PAS, 1977, 96:pp. 1697
[17] Ragaller K, Egli W, Brand K P. Dielectric recovery of an axially blown SF_6/N_2-arc after current zero: PARTII-theoretical investigations. IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science, 1982,10 (3):pp154-162
[18] Mitchell R R, Tuma D T, Osterle J F. Transient two-dimensional calculations of properties of forced convection stabilized electric arcs. IEEE Trans on Plasma Science, 1985,13 (4):pp207-220
[19] Trepanier T Y, Reggio M, Lausey, et al. Analysis of the dielectric strength of SF_6circuit breaker. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 1991,69 (2): pp. 809-815
[20] T.Mori, H.Ohashi, H.Mizoguchi, et al. Inverstigation of technology for developing large capacity and compact size GCB. Ⅲ Transaction on power Delivery, 1977,12(2):pp747-753
[21] Trepanier J Y, Reggio M Lauze Y, camarero R. LTE computation of axisymmetric arc-flow interaction in circuit breakers. IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science, 1991,19(4):pp580-589
[22] Hu Wanping,Xiao Ling,Wang Qiping.Dynamic characteristic of gas flow with arc in nozzle. In:Proc. Of 8 th Int. Conf. On Gas Discharges and their Applications,Oxford,U.k., 11985: pp. 103-106
[23] 林莘，王其平．喷口电弧动态特性的相似理论分析．西安交通大学学报，1990，24(1)：pp．9-15．
[24] 黄建华，王其平．气吹式灭弧室喷口中动态气流场的数值计算．电工技术学报，1987，3：pp．37-41。
[25] 徐建源，王其平。喷口电弧二维动态数学模型及其应用．电工技术学报，1993，2：pp．50-55
[26] Markatos N C. The mathematical modeling of turbulence flows.Appl. Phys., 1974,7pp. 607-619
[27] 王其平，胡万平，刘亚芳著．SF6与其混合气体中的电弧动态特性和应用，西安交通大学出版社，1996年
[28] 帕坦卡著，张政译．传热与流体流动的数值计算，北京：科学出版社，1984年．
[29] 陶文铨．数值传热学，西安交通大学出版社，1988：pp．439-447
[30] PHOENICS 英国CHAM公司生产的商用软件
[31] 朱自强等．应用计算流体力学，北京航空航天大学出版社，1998年
[32] 王补宣．工程传热传质学．上册．北京：科学出版社，1982：pp．115-120
[33] 赵学瑞，廖其奠．粘性流体力学．北京：机械工业出版社，1983年
[34] Partankar, Suhas V, Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980
[35] 李俊民，林莘，徐建源等．自能式SF6断路器开断小容性电流的数值模拟与介质恢复强度分析，《电工技术学报》第16卷，2001，No1，pp．35-38
[36] 林莘，连建华．大容显SF6压气式断路器灭弧室中瞬时热气流场数值模拟，《电工技术学报》，1999年，第14卷No5，pp．43-47
[37] 郭文元，杨永民．自能气吹灭弧装置的能量利用系数。高压电器，1994，30(3)：pp．21-23．
[38] Frost L.and Liebermann R.M., "Composiion And Transport Properties of SF6 And Their use in a Simplified Enthalpy Flow Arc Model",pro.IEEE, VOL.59,1971.
[39] Hermann W, Kogelschatz U,ragaller K,et al.Investigation of cylindrical axially blown high-pressure arc. J. Phys. D: Appl. Math. Modelling, 1986,10:pp. 190-220
[40] Libermann R.W and Lowke J.J., Radiation Emission Coefficient for Sulfur Hexfluoride Arc Plasma, Juant.Spectors.Radiat.Transfer., 1976,Vol. 16,pp.253
[41] J.F. Zhang, M.T.C Fang. "Theoretical Investigation of A 2kA DC N2 Arc in A Supersonic Nozzle", J.Applied. Phys., 1987.
[42] Trepanier J.Y., et al.. Application of computational fluid dynamic tools to circuit breaker flow analysis. IEEE Trans.PWRD,Vol. 10,No.2,1995.
[43] Treanier J. Y., Reggio M., Camarero r. LTE Computation of Axisymmetric Arc-Flow Interaction in Circuit Breaker, IEEE, Trans. on plasma science, VOL. 19
[44] 王其平、超高压SF6断路器开断过程的数值分析，高压电器。1997，33(4)：pp．3-7
[45] 谭浩强，田淑清等．FORTRAN 77结构化程序设计，清华大学出版社。
[2] 清华大学高压教研组编，高压断路器，电力工业出版社，1980年。
[3] 王其平．电器电弧理论 机械工业出版社，1991年。
[4] 李冶，林莘．高压SF6断路器的技术进步——自能灭弧室与弹簧操动机构，高压开关行业通讯，2000．3，P31
[5] H.Sasao, S.Hamano,Y.Wada, et al.Development of a magnet-assisted Autopuffer GCB,IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery, 1990,5(3):pp. 1355-1361
[6] G.Bernard ,A.Griard ,P.Malkin ,et al. An SF_6 autoexpansion breaker:The corrlation between magnertic arc control and crictical current. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1990, 5(1):pp. 197-201
[7] 李建基．高中压开关设备实用技术，机械工业出版社，2001年。
[8] A.Gleizes, A.Mahieddin Rahal,H.Delacroix, et al. Study of a circuit-breaker arc with self-generated flow: Part Ⅰ- Energery transfer in the high-current phase, IEEE Trans,on Plasma Science, 1988,16(6):pp. 616-622
[9] A.Gleizes,M.Mithiche,Pham Van Doan. Study of a circuit-breaker arc with self-generated flow: Part Ⅲ- the post-arc phase. IEEE, Trans. on Plasma Sciene, 1991,19(1):pp. 12-19
[10] A.Gleizes, A Mahieddin Rahal,H.Delacroix, et al. Study of a circuit-breaker are with self-generated flow: Part Ⅰ-Energy transfer in the high-current phase. IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science, 1988,16(6):pp. 607-612
[11] Slepian J. The Extinction of a Long A-C Arc.Trans.ATEE,1930,49(2):p421
[12] Lowke J J, Ludwing H C.A simple model for high current arcs stabilized by forced convection. J Apple.Phys., 1975,46:pp.3325-3329
[13] Cowley M D. Intergral methods of arc analysis, J. Phys D: Appl.Phys,. 1974,7:pp.2218-2222
[14] Fang M T C, Brannen D, Jonse G R. An analytical metheos for the design of circuit breaker nozzles. Symp.on High Voltages Swithching Equipment, 1979
[15] Hermann W, Rangaller K Theoretical description of the current interruption in
gas breaker. IEEE Trans. on PAS, 1977,96(5):pp. 154-1555
[16] Swanson B W. Nozzle arc interruption in supersonic flow. IEEE. Trans on PAS, 1977, 96:pp. 1697
[17] Ragaller K, Egli W, Brand K P. Dielectric recovery of an axially blown SF_6/N_2-arc after current zero: PARTII-theoretical investigations. IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science, 1982,10 (3):pp154-162
[18] Mitchell R R, Tuma D T, Osterle J F. Transient two-dimensional calculations of properties of forced convection stabilized electric arcs. IEEE Trans on Plasma Science, 1985,13 (4):pp207-220
[19] Trepanier T Y, Reggio M, Lausey, et al. Analysis of the dielectric strength of SF_6circuit breaker. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 1991,69 (2): pp. 809-815
[20] T.Mori, H.Ohashi, H.Mizoguchi, et al. Inverstigation of technology for developing large capacity and compact size GCB. Ⅲ Transaction on power Delivery, 1977,12(2):pp747-753
[21] Trepanier J Y, Reggio M Lauze Y, camarero R. LTE computation of axisymmetric arc-flow interaction in circuit breakers. IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science, 1991,19(4):pp580-589
[22] Hu Wanping,Xiao Ling,Wang Qiping.Dynamic characteristic of gas flow with arc in nozzle. In:Proc. Of 8 th Int. Conf. On Gas Discharges and their Applications,Oxford,U.k., 11985: pp. 103-106
[23] 林莘，王其平．喷口电弧动态特性的相似理论分析．西安交通大学学报，1990，24(1)：pp．9-15．
[24] 黄建华，王其平．气吹式灭弧室喷口中动态气流场的数值计算．电工技术学报，1987，3：pp．37-41。
[25] 徐建源，王其平。喷口电弧二维动态数学模型及其应用．电工技术学报，1993，2：pp．50-55
[26] Markatos N C. The mathematical modeling of turbulence flows.Appl. Phys., 1974,7pp. 607-619
[27] 王其平，胡万平，刘亚芳著．SF6与其混合气体中的电弧动态特性和应用，西安交通大学出版社，1996年
[28] 帕坦卡著，张政译．传热与流体流动的数值计算，北京：科学出版社，1984年．
[29] 陶文铨．数值传热学，西安交通大学出版社，1988：pp．439-447
[30] PHOENICS 英国CHAM公司生产的商用软件
[31] 朱自强等．应用计算流体力学，北京航空航天大学出版社，1998年
[32] 王补宣．工程传热传质学．上册．北京：科学出版社，1982：pp．115-120
[33] 赵学瑞，廖其奠．粘性流体力学．北京：机械工业出版社，1983年
[34] Partankar, Suhas V, Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980
[35] 李俊民，林莘，徐建源等．自能式SF6断路器开断小容性电流的数值模拟与介质恢复强度分析，《电工技术学报》第16卷，2001，No1，pp．35-38
[36] 林莘，连建华．大容显SF6压气式断路器灭弧室中瞬时热气流场数值模拟，《电工技术学报》，1999年，第14卷No5，pp．43-47
[37] 郭文元，杨永民．自能气吹灭弧装置的能量利用系数。高压电器，1994，30(3)：pp．21-23．
[38] Frost L.and Liebermann R.M., "Composiion And Transport Properties of SF6 And Their use in a Simplified Enthalpy Flow Arc Model",pro.IEEE, VOL.59,1971.
[39] Hermann W, Kogelschatz U,ragaller K,et al.Investigation of cylindrical axially blown high-pressure arc. J. Phys. D: Appl. Math. Modelling, 1986,10:pp. 190-220
[40] Libermann R.W and Lowke J.J., Radiation Emission Coefficient for Sulfur Hexfluoride Arc Plasma, Juant.Spectors.Radiat.Transfer., 1976,Vol. 16,pp.253
[41] J.F. Zhang, M.T.C Fang. "Theoretical Investigation of A 2kA DC N2 Arc in A Supersonic Nozzle", J.Applied. Phys., 1987.
[42] Trepanier J.Y., et al.. Application of computational fluid dynamic tools to circuit breaker flow analysis. IEEE Trans.PWRD,Vol. 10,No.2,1995.
[43] Treanier J. Y., Reggio M., Camarero r. LTE Computation of Axisymmetric Arc-Flow Interaction in Circuit Breaker, IEEE, Trans. on plasma science, VOL. 19
[44] 王其平、超高压SF6断路器开断过程的数值分析，高压电器。1997，33(4)：pp．3-7
[45] 谭浩强，田淑清等．FORTRAN 77结构化程序设计，清华大学出版社。