植物篱条件下南方红壤坡耕地土壤抗蚀性特征研究
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摘要
本文通过测定南方丘陵红壤地区5种植物篱种植模式下径流小区中14种土壤抗蚀性指标数据,利用主成分分析法对数据进行分析和研究,筛选出植物篱条件下南方红壤坡耕地的土壤抗蚀性指标体系,构建了土壤综合抗蚀性模型；同时,通过比较不同植物篱种植模式下植物篱径流小区的土壤综合抗蚀性指数,筛选出适合南方丘陵红壤地区坡耕地种植的植物篱物种和种植模式,研究结果如下：
1.研究发现,南方丘陵红壤地区最佳的土壤抗蚀性指标体系为：分散率、分散系数、土壤团聚状况、孔隙度、结构性颗粒指数、团聚度、>0.5mm水稳性团粒含量、土壤容重、<0.05mmm粉黏粒含量和<0.001mm胶粒含量。
2.通过主成分分析,得到了土壤抗蚀性的三个主成分,与土壤抗蚀性指标的线性表达式为：
∧Y1=-0.500X1+0.303X2+0.709X3+0.226X4-0.525X5+0.029X6+0.702X7+0.645X8+0.561X9-0.646X10+0.875X11+0.566X12-0.930X13-0.718X14
∧Y2=-0.763X,+0.232X2+0.417X3+0.726X4-0.489X5-0.011X6+0.592X7+0.598X8+0.766X9-0.614X10+0.440X11+0.806X12-0.288X13-0.605X14
∧Y3=0.167X,-0.224X2-0.128X3-0.611X4+0.596X5+0.994X6-0.100X7-0.122X8-0.144X9+ 0.057X10-0.079X11-0.038X12+0.188X13+0.050X14
根据各主成分对土壤抗蚀性的贡献率,得到综合抗蚀性模型如下：
∧Y=0.3771∧Y1+0.3242∧Y2+0.1340∧Y3
3.通过比较不同植物篱条件下径流小区的土壤综合抗蚀性指数,得出在本研究中所选取的适应南方丘陵红壤地区坡耕地的两种草本植物篱中,最佳的物种是麦冬,而最佳的种植模式是双行种植。麦冬双行种植的植物篱径流小区能达到最大的水土保持效应。
4.通过对植物篱径流小区不同坡位的土壤抗蚀性进行对比分析,得出土壤抗蚀性：上坡>中坡>下坡。建议在南方丘陵红壤地区的水土流失防治工作中,以中坡和下坡为主,尤其应该注意下坡的水土保持工作。
本研究从土壤抗蚀性的研究入手,分析南方丘陵红壤地区坡耕地土壤抗蚀性特征,进而筛选适合南方丘陵红壤地区的植物篱种植模式,实验结果显示：南方丘陵红壤地区的土壤团聚度较高,团聚体以>5mm粒径级为主,水稳性团聚体含量较低。这些原因导致南方丘陵红壤地区土壤抗蚀性总体较差,土壤容易被水力侵蚀,水土流失问题比较严重。研究证实,植物篱对南方丘陵红壤坡耕地的土壤抗蚀性具有显著的改善作用,水土流失能得到明显的控制,且植物篱技术控制水土流失兼具生态效益与经济效益,值得在坡耕地的水土流失防治过程中大力应用。本文的研究成果对南方丘陵红壤地区的水土保持工作和植物篱技术应用推广工作具有实际的指导意义,所选用的5种植物篱种植模式中,麦冬双行种植植物篱种植模式对提高土壤抗蚀性作用最为显著,最适合在南方丘陵红壤地区进行推广。
In this research, we selected 14 anti-erodibility index data of 5 different hedgerow patterns in runoff plots to study the soil anti-erodibility. The soil anti-erodibility index system had been screened and the comprehensive soil anti-erodibility model had been built using the Principal Component Analysis. Meanwhile, the fittest hedgerow plant and its corresponding planting pattern using in the red soil slope land of South China had been selected by comparing the comprehensive soil anti-erodibility data of 5 different hedgerow patterns. The results are listed as follows
1. The research indicated that the best soil anti-erodibility index system includes:dispersion rate, dispersion coefficient, the reunion situation, porosity, structural particle index, reunion degree, >0.5mm water stable aggregates,<0.05mm granule content and 0.001mm granule content.
2. We got 3 principal components (Y1,Y2,Y3) by PCA. The liner expressions are:
∧Y1=-0.500X1+0.303X2+0.709X3+0.226X4-0.525X5+0.029X6+0.702X7+0.645X8+0.561X9-0.646X10+0.875X11+0.566X12-0.930X13-0.718X14
∧Y2=-0.763X1+0.232X2+0.417X3+0.726X4-0.489X5-0.011X6+0.592X7+0.598X8+0.766X9-0.614X10+0.440X11+0.816X12-0.288X13-O.605X14
∧Y3=0.167X1-0.224X2-0.128X3-0.611X4+0.596X5+0.994X6-0.101X7-0.122X8-0.144X9+ 0.057X10-0.079X11-0.038X12+0.088X13+0.050X14
According to the contribution rate of each component, we got the comprehensive soil anti-erodibility model:
∧Y=0.3771∧Y1+0.3242∧Y2+0.1340∧Y3
3. By comparing the comprehensive soil anti-erodibility index data of different hedgerow planting patterns in runoff plots, we found that in red soil slope land of South China, the dwarf lilyturf is the best plant, and double-line planting is the best pattern. The double-line dwarf lilyturf can get the best soil conservation effect.
4. By comparing the soil anti-erodibility of different slope sections, we found that the soil anti-erodibility:up-section> mid-section> down-section. So we suggest the relevant authorities should pay more attention to the up-section and down-section in the water and soil conservation work in red soil slope land of South China, especially the down-section.
This research started from analyzing the soil anti-erodibility characteristics of red soil. Then we got the best hedgerow planting pattern in this area. The results showed that the reunion degree of red soil slope land of South China is quite high, but the aggregates are mainly>5mm. The content of water stable aggregates is a bit of low. These reasons make the anti-erodibility of red soil quite weak, and soil will be eroded easily by water. The soil erosion situation is very serious in this area. The research proves that:because the hedgerow has both ecological and economic functions, and its soil conservation ability is very strong. We suggest that the hedgerow should be widely used on the soil conservation. The results of this research have some guiding significance both on the soil conservation and hedgerow technique promotion work in South China. The double line dwarf lilyturf planting pattern can make the best ecological and economic benefit in the red soil slope land of South China. This planting pattern should be promoted widely in this area.
1.研究发现,南方丘陵红壤地区最佳的土壤抗蚀性指标体系为：分散率、分散系数、土壤团聚状况、孔隙度、结构性颗粒指数、团聚度、>0.5mm水稳性团粒含量、土壤容重、<0.05mmm粉黏粒含量和<0.001mm胶粒含量。
2.通过主成分分析,得到了土壤抗蚀性的三个主成分,与土壤抗蚀性指标的线性表达式为：
∧Y1=-0.500X1+0.303X2+0.709X3+0.226X4-0.525X5+0.029X6+0.702X7+0.645X8+0.561X9-0.646X10+0.875X11+0.566X12-0.930X13-0.718X14
∧Y2=-0.763X,+0.232X2+0.417X3+0.726X4-0.489X5-0.011X6+0.592X7+0.598X8+0.766X9-0.614X10+0.440X11+0.806X12-0.288X13-0.605X14
∧Y3=0.167X,-0.224X2-0.128X3-0.611X4+0.596X5+0.994X6-0.100X7-0.122X8-0.144X9+ 0.057X10-0.079X11-0.038X12+0.188X13+0.050X14
根据各主成分对土壤抗蚀性的贡献率,得到综合抗蚀性模型如下：
∧Y=0.3771∧Y1+0.3242∧Y2+0.1340∧Y3
3.通过比较不同植物篱条件下径流小区的土壤综合抗蚀性指数,得出在本研究中所选取的适应南方丘陵红壤地区坡耕地的两种草本植物篱中,最佳的物种是麦冬,而最佳的种植模式是双行种植。麦冬双行种植的植物篱径流小区能达到最大的水土保持效应。
4.通过对植物篱径流小区不同坡位的土壤抗蚀性进行对比分析,得出土壤抗蚀性：上坡>中坡>下坡。建议在南方丘陵红壤地区的水土流失防治工作中,以中坡和下坡为主,尤其应该注意下坡的水土保持工作。
本研究从土壤抗蚀性的研究入手,分析南方丘陵红壤地区坡耕地土壤抗蚀性特征,进而筛选适合南方丘陵红壤地区的植物篱种植模式,实验结果显示：南方丘陵红壤地区的土壤团聚度较高,团聚体以>5mm粒径级为主,水稳性团聚体含量较低。这些原因导致南方丘陵红壤地区土壤抗蚀性总体较差,土壤容易被水力侵蚀,水土流失问题比较严重。研究证实,植物篱对南方丘陵红壤坡耕地的土壤抗蚀性具有显著的改善作用,水土流失能得到明显的控制,且植物篱技术控制水土流失兼具生态效益与经济效益,值得在坡耕地的水土流失防治过程中大力应用。本文的研究成果对南方丘陵红壤地区的水土保持工作和植物篱技术应用推广工作具有实际的指导意义,所选用的5种植物篱种植模式中,麦冬双行种植植物篱种植模式对提高土壤抗蚀性作用最为显著,最适合在南方丘陵红壤地区进行推广。
In this research, we selected 14 anti-erodibility index data of 5 different hedgerow patterns in runoff plots to study the soil anti-erodibility. The soil anti-erodibility index system had been screened and the comprehensive soil anti-erodibility model had been built using the Principal Component Analysis. Meanwhile, the fittest hedgerow plant and its corresponding planting pattern using in the red soil slope land of South China had been selected by comparing the comprehensive soil anti-erodibility data of 5 different hedgerow patterns. The results are listed as follows
1. The research indicated that the best soil anti-erodibility index system includes:dispersion rate, dispersion coefficient, the reunion situation, porosity, structural particle index, reunion degree, >0.5mm water stable aggregates,<0.05mm granule content and 0.001mm granule content.
2. We got 3 principal components (Y1,Y2,Y3) by PCA. The liner expressions are:
∧Y1=-0.500X1+0.303X2+0.709X3+0.226X4-0.525X5+0.029X6+0.702X7+0.645X8+0.561X9-0.646X10+0.875X11+0.566X12-0.930X13-0.718X14
∧Y2=-0.763X1+0.232X2+0.417X3+0.726X4-0.489X5-0.011X6+0.592X7+0.598X8+0.766X9-0.614X10+0.440X11+0.816X12-0.288X13-O.605X14
∧Y3=0.167X1-0.224X2-0.128X3-0.611X4+0.596X5+0.994X6-0.101X7-0.122X8-0.144X9+ 0.057X10-0.079X11-0.038X12+0.088X13+0.050X14
According to the contribution rate of each component, we got the comprehensive soil anti-erodibility model:
∧Y=0.3771∧Y1+0.3242∧Y2+0.1340∧Y3
3. By comparing the comprehensive soil anti-erodibility index data of different hedgerow planting patterns in runoff plots, we found that in red soil slope land of South China, the dwarf lilyturf is the best plant, and double-line planting is the best pattern. The double-line dwarf lilyturf can get the best soil conservation effect.
4. By comparing the soil anti-erodibility of different slope sections, we found that the soil anti-erodibility:up-section> mid-section> down-section. So we suggest the relevant authorities should pay more attention to the up-section and down-section in the water and soil conservation work in red soil slope land of South China, especially the down-section.
This research started from analyzing the soil anti-erodibility characteristics of red soil. Then we got the best hedgerow planting pattern in this area. The results showed that the reunion degree of red soil slope land of South China is quite high, but the aggregates are mainly>5mm. The content of water stable aggregates is a bit of low. These reasons make the anti-erodibility of red soil quite weak, and soil will be eroded easily by water. The soil erosion situation is very serious in this area. The research proves that:because the hedgerow has both ecological and economic functions, and its soil conservation ability is very strong. We suggest that the hedgerow should be widely used on the soil conservation. The results of this research have some guiding significance both on the soil conservation and hedgerow technique promotion work in South China. The double line dwarf lilyturf planting pattern can make the best ecological and economic benefit in the red soil slope land of South China. This planting pattern should be promoted widely in this area.
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