不同温度特征小麦光合物质生产性能研究
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摘要
冷型小麦在生理生态特性及源库平衡方面表现出若干相对于暖型小麦的优势,因而备受学术界关注,冷型小麦的冷温特性在一些新的种质材料中重现性如何,如何作用于产量的形成等问题值得进一步探讨。本研究选择18个省内外种植面积较大的有代表性的小麦品种(系)为材料,观测分析了供试材料籽粒灌浆期冠层温度分异特征、活性氧代谢和抗性生理特征、光合和叶绿素荧光参数、干物质生产、转运和积累特征以及光合物质生产和产量相关性状。采用因子分析、回归分析等方法,研究了不同温度特征小麦光合物质生产性能及其与冠层温度、产量的相互关系。得出以下主要结论:
(1)冷温特性在一些新的种质材料中重现性较好。
(2)低温小麦比高温小麦叶片叶绿素含量高,降解速度慢,绿叶功能期持续时间长。
(3)低温小麦比高温小麦净光合速率、气孔导度和气孔限制值高,细胞间隙CO2浓度低。与冠层温度关系最为密切的光合参数是气孔限制值。
(4)低温小麦在叶绿素荧光参数Fo、Fm、Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、△Fv、Ft、Yield、Fm'、Rfd和φPSⅡ等表现优于高温小麦。
(5)与高温小麦相比,低温小麦可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性含量高,抗氧化衰老强,游离脯氨酸含量、还原型谷胱甘肽含量和抗坏血酸含量高,抗逆能力强;与高温小麦相比,低温小麦旗叶丙二醛积累速率慢、含量低,旗叶超氧阴离子自由基O2-含量低,灌浆期旗叶膜脂过氧化程度低。
(6)不同温度特征小麦各叶位叶片、叶鞘、茎秆干物质转移效率差异显著,与高温小麦相比,低温小麦旗叶、倒二叶和倒三叶干物质平均转移效率高3.49%、2.97%和3.15%,叶鞘干物质平均运转效率低2.33%,茎秆干物质平均运转效率低5.53%。低温小麦叶源相对充足,叶鞘、茎秆转运量小,干物质转运流畅。随着成熟期的推迟,小麦单穗籽粒鲜体积、干体积、鲜重和干重呈上升趋势(单穗籽粒鲜体积在面团期除外),低温小麦各相应指标均显著高于高温小麦。
(7)冠层温度指数与净光合速率得分和饱满指数呈显著或极显著负相关。冠层温度指数、叶面积、饱满指数和潜在库容与产量的标准偏回归系数分别为0.04592、0.1861、0.4258和0.3900,其中冠层温度指数、饱满指数和潜在库容与产量的标准偏回归系数达极显著水平。冠层温度指数、净光合速率得分、叶面积、饱满指数和潜在库容对产量的偏相关系数分别为0.5735、0.08934、0.4273、0.5393和0.6008,其中冠层温度指数、饱满指数和潜在库容对产量的偏相关系数达显著水平。可见冠层温度指数、饱满指数和潜在库容是决定产量的主要因素。
上述研究结论为进一步揭示冠层温度性状作用于小麦产量形成过程的实质,为在品种选育实践中应用新种质资源和新选育指标,加快育种效率和进程提供了理论依据。
Cold type wheat exhibits certain superiorities on the physiological ecology and source-sink balance relative to warm type wheat. Therefore, this receives much academic attention. How about the repeatability of characteristics with low temperature in some new materials, and how effect on yield formation? Those issues worth further research.
This study selected 18 representative wheat varieties (lines) inside and outside the province with large planting areas as materials, observed and analyzed photosynthetic matter production and yield related traits of tested materials, including disparity phenomenon of canopy temperature, active oxygen metabolism, resistant physical characteristics, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, dry matter production, transfer and accumulation during the grain filling stage. This study researched photoassimilate performance, and its relationships with canopy temperature and yield of different temperature characteristics wheat by using factor analysis and regression analysis. The major conclusions were as follows:
(1) The repeatability of characteristics with low temperature in some new materials was good.
(2) Chlorophyll contents of low temperature wheats were higher than high temperature wheats, with low degradation and long duration of green leaf functional period.
(3) Pn, Gs, and Ls of low temperature wheats were higher than high temperature wheats except Ci. Ls was the most closely photosynthetic parameter with canopy temperature.
(4) Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fo, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo,△Fv, Ft, Yield, Fm', Rfd andφPSⅡvalues of low temperature wheats were better than high temperature wheats.
(5) Low temperature wheats had high soluble protein content, SOD content, CAT content, and strong antioxidant capacity compared to high temperature wheats. And low temperature wheats had high Pro content, GSH content, AsA content, and strong adverse-resistant capacity compared to high temperature wheats. Low temperature wheats had low MDA content and MDA accumulation rate, and low superoxide anion radical O2-content, which indicated that low lipid peroxidation level of low temperature wheat flag leaves in filling stage.
(6) There were significant differences among different position leaves, sheathes, canes. The average dry matter transfer efficiency of low temperature wheats flag leaves, penult leaves and third from top leaves were higher than that of high temperature wheats by 3.49%, 2.97 % and 3.15 %, sheathes and canes were lower by 2.33% and 5.53%, respectively. Those indicated that leaf source was relative enough, transport contents of sheathes and canes were small, transfer of dry matter was fluent. Single grain fresh volume, dry volume, fresh weight and dry weight all showed rising trend as close to mature stage ( expect single grain fresh volume in dough stage ), corresponding indexes of low temperature wheats were significant higher than high temperature wheats.
(7) The correlation of canopy temperature index with net photosynthetic rate score and plumpness index were significant or highly significant negative. Standard partial regression coefficients of canopy temperature index, leaf area, plumpness index and latent storage capacity with yield were 0.04592, 0.1861, 0.4258 and 0.3900, respectively. Standard partial regression coefficients of canopy temperature index, plumpness index and latent storage capacity with yield were highly significant level. Partial correlation coefficients of canopy temperature index, net photosynthetic rate score, leaf area, plumpness index and latent storage capacity with yield were 0.5735, 0.08934, 0.4273, 0.5393 and 0.6008. Partial correlation coefficients of canopy temperature index, plumpness index and latent storage capacity with yield were significant level. This showed that canopy temperature index, plumpness index and latent storage capacity were the main factors affecting the yield.
The above research conclusions further revealed the essence of canopy temperature acting on wheat yield formation process, and provided theoretical basis on using new germplasm resources and new selecting indicators, speeding up the breeding efficiency and process in variety breeding practice.
(1)冷温特性在一些新的种质材料中重现性较好。
(2)低温小麦比高温小麦叶片叶绿素含量高,降解速度慢,绿叶功能期持续时间长。
(3)低温小麦比高温小麦净光合速率、气孔导度和气孔限制值高,细胞间隙CO2浓度低。与冠层温度关系最为密切的光合参数是气孔限制值。
(4)低温小麦在叶绿素荧光参数Fo、Fm、Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、△Fv、Ft、Yield、Fm'、Rfd和φPSⅡ等表现优于高温小麦。
(5)与高温小麦相比,低温小麦可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性含量高,抗氧化衰老强,游离脯氨酸含量、还原型谷胱甘肽含量和抗坏血酸含量高,抗逆能力强;与高温小麦相比,低温小麦旗叶丙二醛积累速率慢、含量低,旗叶超氧阴离子自由基O2-含量低,灌浆期旗叶膜脂过氧化程度低。
(6)不同温度特征小麦各叶位叶片、叶鞘、茎秆干物质转移效率差异显著,与高温小麦相比,低温小麦旗叶、倒二叶和倒三叶干物质平均转移效率高3.49%、2.97%和3.15%,叶鞘干物质平均运转效率低2.33%,茎秆干物质平均运转效率低5.53%。低温小麦叶源相对充足,叶鞘、茎秆转运量小,干物质转运流畅。随着成熟期的推迟,小麦单穗籽粒鲜体积、干体积、鲜重和干重呈上升趋势(单穗籽粒鲜体积在面团期除外),低温小麦各相应指标均显著高于高温小麦。
(7)冠层温度指数与净光合速率得分和饱满指数呈显著或极显著负相关。冠层温度指数、叶面积、饱满指数和潜在库容与产量的标准偏回归系数分别为0.04592、0.1861、0.4258和0.3900,其中冠层温度指数、饱满指数和潜在库容与产量的标准偏回归系数达极显著水平。冠层温度指数、净光合速率得分、叶面积、饱满指数和潜在库容对产量的偏相关系数分别为0.5735、0.08934、0.4273、0.5393和0.6008,其中冠层温度指数、饱满指数和潜在库容对产量的偏相关系数达显著水平。可见冠层温度指数、饱满指数和潜在库容是决定产量的主要因素。
上述研究结论为进一步揭示冠层温度性状作用于小麦产量形成过程的实质,为在品种选育实践中应用新种质资源和新选育指标,加快育种效率和进程提供了理论依据。
Cold type wheat exhibits certain superiorities on the physiological ecology and source-sink balance relative to warm type wheat. Therefore, this receives much academic attention. How about the repeatability of characteristics with low temperature in some new materials, and how effect on yield formation? Those issues worth further research.
This study selected 18 representative wheat varieties (lines) inside and outside the province with large planting areas as materials, observed and analyzed photosynthetic matter production and yield related traits of tested materials, including disparity phenomenon of canopy temperature, active oxygen metabolism, resistant physical characteristics, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, dry matter production, transfer and accumulation during the grain filling stage. This study researched photoassimilate performance, and its relationships with canopy temperature and yield of different temperature characteristics wheat by using factor analysis and regression analysis. The major conclusions were as follows:
(1) The repeatability of characteristics with low temperature in some new materials was good.
(2) Chlorophyll contents of low temperature wheats were higher than high temperature wheats, with low degradation and long duration of green leaf functional period.
(3) Pn, Gs, and Ls of low temperature wheats were higher than high temperature wheats except Ci. Ls was the most closely photosynthetic parameter with canopy temperature.
(4) Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fo, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo,△Fv, Ft, Yield, Fm', Rfd andφPSⅡvalues of low temperature wheats were better than high temperature wheats.
(5) Low temperature wheats had high soluble protein content, SOD content, CAT content, and strong antioxidant capacity compared to high temperature wheats. And low temperature wheats had high Pro content, GSH content, AsA content, and strong adverse-resistant capacity compared to high temperature wheats. Low temperature wheats had low MDA content and MDA accumulation rate, and low superoxide anion radical O2-content, which indicated that low lipid peroxidation level of low temperature wheat flag leaves in filling stage.
(6) There were significant differences among different position leaves, sheathes, canes. The average dry matter transfer efficiency of low temperature wheats flag leaves, penult leaves and third from top leaves were higher than that of high temperature wheats by 3.49%, 2.97 % and 3.15 %, sheathes and canes were lower by 2.33% and 5.53%, respectively. Those indicated that leaf source was relative enough, transport contents of sheathes and canes were small, transfer of dry matter was fluent. Single grain fresh volume, dry volume, fresh weight and dry weight all showed rising trend as close to mature stage ( expect single grain fresh volume in dough stage ), corresponding indexes of low temperature wheats were significant higher than high temperature wheats.
(7) The correlation of canopy temperature index with net photosynthetic rate score and plumpness index were significant or highly significant negative. Standard partial regression coefficients of canopy temperature index, leaf area, plumpness index and latent storage capacity with yield were 0.04592, 0.1861, 0.4258 and 0.3900, respectively. Standard partial regression coefficients of canopy temperature index, plumpness index and latent storage capacity with yield were highly significant level. Partial correlation coefficients of canopy temperature index, net photosynthetic rate score, leaf area, plumpness index and latent storage capacity with yield were 0.5735, 0.08934, 0.4273, 0.5393 and 0.6008. Partial correlation coefficients of canopy temperature index, plumpness index and latent storage capacity with yield were significant level. This showed that canopy temperature index, plumpness index and latent storage capacity were the main factors affecting the yield.
The above research conclusions further revealed the essence of canopy temperature acting on wheat yield formation process, and provided theoretical basis on using new germplasm resources and new selecting indicators, speeding up the breeding efficiency and process in variety breeding practice.
引文
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