汽轮机主轴偏心在线监测及通信体制研究
摘要
汽轮机是电力生产的核心设备之一,一旦出现故障进行停机检修将会给发电企业和电网运行造成损失。随着监测技术的发展,国外出现了一些相关的监测产品,但存在价格昂贵,维修困难,软件操作不便等缺点。论文研究了基于DSP的汽轮机主轴偏心监测系统和监测设备的通信体制,能够对汽轮机主轴偏心情况进行在线监测,及时发现可排除的故障,从而有效降低盲目维修成本。论文的研究对实现汽轮机的实时监测,提高电厂生产效益具有意义。
论文从硬件平台和软件功能模块设计出发,提出了汽轮机监测系统的总体设计方案,重点研究了汽轮机偏心监测系统的设计。硬件以DSP为核心处理器,结合汽轮机运行特征与偏心形成机理,从电源电路、信号调理电路、通信电路、报警逻辑等方面进行了设计；软件以CCS为平台,采用功能模块化编程思想,完成了初始化模块、中断模块、A／D模块、通信模块的设计,实现偏心监测板的功能。论文研究了汽轮机监测系统的两级通信体制：第一级通信采用RS-485现场总线技术实现监测系统的内部通信,第二级通信将以太网技术应用于工业控制领域,结合DSP嵌入式特点,设计了一套适合汽轮机监测系统的工业以太网通信协议,实现汽轮机监测系统与上位机的通信。
通过对汽轮机偏心监测系统研究,结合振动模拟平台,对汽轮机主轴偏心量进行实时监测,并对结果进行分析。实验结果表明,本文所研制的汽轮机偏心监测系统有较强的实用性和和较高的监测精度；采用工业以太网与RS-485相结合的两级通信,提高了国产系统的通信水平。论文的研究是自主开发产品在电力行业重大设备实时故障监测应用中的有益尝试。
Turbine is one of the core equipment of electricity production; an event of a fault will produce huge economic losses and industrial accidents. With the development of monitoring technology, some related monitoring products were appeared in the foreign country. But these products have the disadvantages of expensive, maintenance difficulties, inconvenience operating. According to these problems, a DSP-based turbine monitoring system and the communication system were researched in this paper. The system accurately, reliably and real-time accomplish the turbine eccentricity on-line monitoring, reduce the costs of blind maintenance, promote the productive efficiency and realize the localization of such systems.
From the hardware platform and the design of software function modules, we propose the design program of the turbine monitoring system, and focuses research on the turbine eccentric monitoring system. DSP-chip was employed as the core processor. Combined with the turbine operation characteristics and eccentric formation mechanism, the power circuit, signal conditioning circuit, communication and alarm logic were designed. CCS was adopted as the software platform. According to the modular programming idea, the software's function is performed by the design of initialization, interruption, A/D and communication modules. The two-level communication system of turbine monitoring system was researched. The first-level uses RS-485 field bus technology. The second-level applies Ethernet to industry control field. Combined with the characteristics of the DSP, a monitoring system for steam turbine Industrial Ethernet communication protocol is designed to realize the communication between monitoring system and computer.
Combined with the vibration simulation platform, the turbine spindle eccentricity was real-time monitored and the results were analyzed based on the research of the turbine eccentric monitoring system. The results show that, turbine eccentric monitoring system researched in this paper has strong practical and higher monitoring accuracy. The two-lever communication system adopted Industrial Ethernet and RS-485 can promote the communication lever of domestic system. The purpose of this paper is to make the self-development products used in the real-time monitoring system of power industry.
论文从硬件平台和软件功能模块设计出发,提出了汽轮机监测系统的总体设计方案,重点研究了汽轮机偏心监测系统的设计。硬件以DSP为核心处理器,结合汽轮机运行特征与偏心形成机理,从电源电路、信号调理电路、通信电路、报警逻辑等方面进行了设计；软件以CCS为平台,采用功能模块化编程思想,完成了初始化模块、中断模块、A／D模块、通信模块的设计,实现偏心监测板的功能。论文研究了汽轮机监测系统的两级通信体制：第一级通信采用RS-485现场总线技术实现监测系统的内部通信,第二级通信将以太网技术应用于工业控制领域,结合DSP嵌入式特点,设计了一套适合汽轮机监测系统的工业以太网通信协议,实现汽轮机监测系统与上位机的通信。
通过对汽轮机偏心监测系统研究,结合振动模拟平台,对汽轮机主轴偏心量进行实时监测,并对结果进行分析。实验结果表明,本文所研制的汽轮机偏心监测系统有较强的实用性和和较高的监测精度；采用工业以太网与RS-485相结合的两级通信,提高了国产系统的通信水平。论文的研究是自主开发产品在电力行业重大设备实时故障监测应用中的有益尝试。
Turbine is one of the core equipment of electricity production; an event of a fault will produce huge economic losses and industrial accidents. With the development of monitoring technology, some related monitoring products were appeared in the foreign country. But these products have the disadvantages of expensive, maintenance difficulties, inconvenience operating. According to these problems, a DSP-based turbine monitoring system and the communication system were researched in this paper. The system accurately, reliably and real-time accomplish the turbine eccentricity on-line monitoring, reduce the costs of blind maintenance, promote the productive efficiency and realize the localization of such systems.
From the hardware platform and the design of software function modules, we propose the design program of the turbine monitoring system, and focuses research on the turbine eccentric monitoring system. DSP-chip was employed as the core processor. Combined with the turbine operation characteristics and eccentric formation mechanism, the power circuit, signal conditioning circuit, communication and alarm logic were designed. CCS was adopted as the software platform. According to the modular programming idea, the software's function is performed by the design of initialization, interruption, A/D and communication modules. The two-level communication system of turbine monitoring system was researched. The first-level uses RS-485 field bus technology. The second-level applies Ethernet to industry control field. Combined with the characteristics of the DSP, a monitoring system for steam turbine Industrial Ethernet communication protocol is designed to realize the communication between monitoring system and computer.
Combined with the vibration simulation platform, the turbine spindle eccentricity was real-time monitored and the results were analyzed based on the research of the turbine eccentric monitoring system. The results show that, turbine eccentric monitoring system researched in this paper has strong practical and higher monitoring accuracy. The two-lever communication system adopted Industrial Ethernet and RS-485 can promote the communication lever of domestic system. The purpose of this paper is to make the self-development products used in the real-time monitoring system of power industry.
引文
[1]沈士一,庄贺庆,康松.汽轮机原理[M].水利电力出版社：1992：1～2.
[2]代云修,张勇.汽轮机设备及系统[M].中国电力出版社,2006：5-7.
[3]罗娟丽,王春燕,李利民Bently-3300监测和保护系统故障分析与处理方法[J].石油化工自动化,2007,(05)：92-93.
[4]郑勇.MMS6000型汽轮机监视仪表系统在发电厂的应用[J].四川电力技术,2007,30(1)：81-83.
[5]Kim, Russell. Arterial lipid characterization by high resolution TSI [J].2005 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium,2005, (1):137-140
[6]陆文华,杨昆.汽轮机安全监视保护仪表(TSI)的发展与建议[J].动力工程,2007,2(18)：11-15.
[7]Courtois, Christian, Friedrich. Revision of the TSI Energy for high-speed lines[J]. R.Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH, Munich,81671, Germany 2005, (5):178-186
[8]盛兆顺,尹琦岭.设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及应用[M].化工工业出版社,2003：324-325.
[9]EN8000B大型旋转机械振动监测故障诊断专家系统.北京英华达电力电子工程科技有限公司,2004:4～7。
[10]Zhou Guohui, Wang Xiaodong. Design implementation of star image acquisition and Star point fast acquiring and tracking [J]. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2006. (11):6-15.
[11]Frank, P. M.Fault diagnosis in dynamic systems using analytical and knowledge-based redundancy-a survey and some new results [J]. Electronics World 2006. (7):459～474.
[12]朱世仁,杨东.汽轮机安全监测系统中大轴偏心度测量的改进[J].北京：华北电力技术,2001，06：34～25.
[13]郭丹枫,基于DSP的汽轮机转子振动监测系统研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学,2007：7～8.
[14]张涛,雷志勇.基于小波分析的汽轮机偏心信号监测研究[J].电子设计工程,2010,18(1)：99～101.
[15]北京盛迪振通科技有限公司.电涡流位移传感器,www.sendig.com.
[16]肖永华.基于DSP的电厂汽轮机组监测系统的研究[J].西南交通大学,2006：16～17,23.
[17]中华人民共和国电力工业部.300MW级汽轮机运行导则DL／T609～1996[S],1997.06.01.
[18]苏奎峰等,TSM320F2812原理与开发[M],电子工业出版社,2005
[19]Rizk, Papachristou, Francis. A self test program design technique for embedded DSP cores [J]. J Electron Test Theory Appl JETTA 2006. (12):71-87.
[20]Zhou Yun, Yang Jiang-li, Lu Qing-qi. Transmission line protection system based on TMS320LF240x[M]. High Voltage Apparatus, V41, N4, Aug.2007:289-291.
[21]张雄伟.DSP芯片原理与应用[M].电子工业出版社,1997：22～25.
[22]Bui Ngoc, Golovkov A. Measurement of vibration parameters of steam turbines blades using microwave approach[C].2006 16th International Crimean Conference on Microwave and Telecommunication Technology,2006:703-704.
[23]赵劲松.汽轮机安全监测系统探讨[J].四川：四川电力技术2002年增刊,2002
[24]王念旭等.DSP基础与应用系统设计[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2001：24～27.
[25]Zhou Yun, Yang Jiang-li, Lu Qing-qi. Transmission line protection system based on TMS320LF240x [J]. High Voltage Apparatus, V41, N4, Aug.2007:289-291
[26]张雄伟,王志刚.DSP集成开发与应用实例[M].电子工业出版社,2002：34-67.
[27]李玉忍,谢利理.实用隔离型RS-485通信接口的设计[J].测控技术,2000,19(4)：61-63.
[28]陈维刚,费敏锐,边宁宁.一种工业以太网与现场总线协议转换器的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,26(5)：497～501.
[29]He Tao, Xiao Li and so on. Vibration Measurement and Signal Analysis Based on Virtual Instrument Technology[C],The International Symposium on Precision Mechanical Measurements 2002.
[30]Karayaka H.B, Keyhani A.Identification of armature, field, and saturated parameters of a large steam turbine-generator from operating data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.2000, (2):181～187.
[31]TexasInstruments. TMS320 Family development Support Reference Guide [M],1994:2～8.
[32]卢钧,吴剑秋.高速DSP系统PCB版可靠性设计[J].外国电子测量技术.2005,7(125)：5～7.
[33]L. J. Erikkson. Active sound and vibration:A technology in transition[J],Noise Control Engineering Journal,1996:78～82.
[34]Texas Instruments Incorporated. TI DSP集成化开发环境(ccs)使用手册[M].彭启琮，张诗雅,常冉等译.北京：清华大学出版社,2005：32～54
[35]彭启宗,管庆编DSP集成开发环境：CCS及DSP/BIOS的原理[M].电子工业出版社,2004：46-57.
[36]尹勇等.DSP集成开发环境CCS使用指南[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2003：100-124.
[37]TMS320x28x, Optimizing C/C++Compiler User'Guide[M]. Texas Instruments,27Aug 2001.
[38]王健林,汽轮机安全监测系统主控单元设计[J],哈尔滨理工大学：32～34
[39]Adam Dunkels.uIP-A free Small TCP/IP Stack[M]. January,2002.
[40]孙似海,基于DSP的嵌入式以太网实现研究[J]合肥工业大学,2007：16～24.
[41]RTL8019AS Specification Realtek semi-conductor Co. LTD.
[42]李国华,张永忠.机械故障诊断[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1999：58～65.
[43]盛兆顺,尹琦岭.设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及应用[M].北京：化工工业出版社,2003：24～32.
[44]段旭良.基于DSP嵌入式以太网通信系统的设计[J].哈尔滨工程大学；48～50.
[2]代云修,张勇.汽轮机设备及系统[M].中国电力出版社,2006：5-7.
[3]罗娟丽,王春燕,李利民Bently-3300监测和保护系统故障分析与处理方法[J].石油化工自动化,2007,(05)：92-93.
[4]郑勇.MMS6000型汽轮机监视仪表系统在发电厂的应用[J].四川电力技术,2007,30(1)：81-83.
[5]Kim, Russell. Arterial lipid characterization by high resolution TSI [J].2005 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium,2005, (1):137-140
[6]陆文华,杨昆.汽轮机安全监视保护仪表(TSI)的发展与建议[J].动力工程,2007,2(18)：11-15.
[7]Courtois, Christian, Friedrich. Revision of the TSI Energy for high-speed lines[J]. R.Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH, Munich,81671, Germany 2005, (5):178-186
[8]盛兆顺,尹琦岭.设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及应用[M].化工工业出版社,2003：324-325.
[9]EN8000B大型旋转机械振动监测故障诊断专家系统.北京英华达电力电子工程科技有限公司,2004:4～7。
[10]Zhou Guohui, Wang Xiaodong. Design implementation of star image acquisition and Star point fast acquiring and tracking [J]. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2006. (11):6-15.
[11]Frank, P. M.Fault diagnosis in dynamic systems using analytical and knowledge-based redundancy-a survey and some new results [J]. Electronics World 2006. (7):459～474.
[12]朱世仁,杨东.汽轮机安全监测系统中大轴偏心度测量的改进[J].北京：华北电力技术,2001，06：34～25.
[13]郭丹枫,基于DSP的汽轮机转子振动监测系统研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学,2007：7～8.
[14]张涛,雷志勇.基于小波分析的汽轮机偏心信号监测研究[J].电子设计工程,2010,18(1)：99～101.
[15]北京盛迪振通科技有限公司.电涡流位移传感器,www.sendig.com.
[16]肖永华.基于DSP的电厂汽轮机组监测系统的研究[J].西南交通大学,2006：16～17,23.
[17]中华人民共和国电力工业部.300MW级汽轮机运行导则DL／T609～1996[S],1997.06.01.
[18]苏奎峰等,TSM320F2812原理与开发[M],电子工业出版社,2005
[19]Rizk, Papachristou, Francis. A self test program design technique for embedded DSP cores [J]. J Electron Test Theory Appl JETTA 2006. (12):71-87.
[20]Zhou Yun, Yang Jiang-li, Lu Qing-qi. Transmission line protection system based on TMS320LF240x[M]. High Voltage Apparatus, V41, N4, Aug.2007:289-291.
[21]张雄伟.DSP芯片原理与应用[M].电子工业出版社,1997：22～25.
[22]Bui Ngoc, Golovkov A. Measurement of vibration parameters of steam turbines blades using microwave approach[C].2006 16th International Crimean Conference on Microwave and Telecommunication Technology,2006:703-704.
[23]赵劲松.汽轮机安全监测系统探讨[J].四川：四川电力技术2002年增刊,2002
[24]王念旭等.DSP基础与应用系统设计[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2001：24～27.
[25]Zhou Yun, Yang Jiang-li, Lu Qing-qi. Transmission line protection system based on TMS320LF240x [J]. High Voltage Apparatus, V41, N4, Aug.2007:289-291
[26]张雄伟,王志刚.DSP集成开发与应用实例[M].电子工业出版社,2002：34-67.
[27]李玉忍,谢利理.实用隔离型RS-485通信接口的设计[J].测控技术,2000,19(4)：61-63.
[28]陈维刚,费敏锐,边宁宁.一种工业以太网与现场总线协议转换器的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,26(5)：497～501.
[29]He Tao, Xiao Li and so on. Vibration Measurement and Signal Analysis Based on Virtual Instrument Technology[C],The International Symposium on Precision Mechanical Measurements 2002.
[30]Karayaka H.B, Keyhani A.Identification of armature, field, and saturated parameters of a large steam turbine-generator from operating data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.2000, (2):181～187.
[31]TexasInstruments. TMS320 Family development Support Reference Guide [M],1994:2～8.
[32]卢钧,吴剑秋.高速DSP系统PCB版可靠性设计[J].外国电子测量技术.2005,7(125)：5～7.
[33]L. J. Erikkson. Active sound and vibration:A technology in transition[J],Noise Control Engineering Journal,1996:78～82.
[34]Texas Instruments Incorporated. TI DSP集成化开发环境(ccs)使用手册[M].彭启琮，张诗雅,常冉等译.北京：清华大学出版社,2005：32～54
[35]彭启宗,管庆编DSP集成开发环境：CCS及DSP/BIOS的原理[M].电子工业出版社,2004：46-57.
[36]尹勇等.DSP集成开发环境CCS使用指南[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2003：100-124.
[37]TMS320x28x, Optimizing C/C++Compiler User'Guide[M]. Texas Instruments,27Aug 2001.
[38]王健林,汽轮机安全监测系统主控单元设计[J],哈尔滨理工大学：32～34
[39]Adam Dunkels.uIP-A free Small TCP/IP Stack[M]. January,2002.
[40]孙似海,基于DSP的嵌入式以太网实现研究[J]合肥工业大学,2007：16～24.
[41]RTL8019AS Specification Realtek semi-conductor Co. LTD.
[42]李国华,张永忠.机械故障诊断[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1999：58～65.
[43]盛兆顺,尹琦岭.设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及应用[M].北京：化工工业出版社,2003：24～32.
[44]段旭良.基于DSP嵌入式以太网通信系统的设计[J].哈尔滨工程大学；48～50.