基于DSP的单相可逆PWM整流器研究
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摘要
在电力系统中,电压和电流应是完好的正弦波。但是在实际的电力系统中,由于非线性负载的影响,实际的电网电压和电流波形总是存在不同程度的畸变,给电力输配电系统及附近的其它电气设备带来许多问题,因而就有必要采取措施限制其对电网和其它设备的影响。
高功率因数电能变换和负载电能回馈电网的实现是电力节能的关键问题。为使电压型PWM整流器网侧呈现电流源特性,其网侧电流控制显得十分重要。在PWM整流技术发展过程中,电压型PWM整流器网侧电流控制策略主要分为两类:一类是“间接电流控制”策略;另一类是目前占主要地位的“直接电流控制”策略。“直接电流控制”相对于“间接电流控制”有着快速的电流效应和好的鲁棒性,本文采用固定开关频率三角波比较的直接电流控制方法。
本文对单相PWM整流器进行了分析,推导出了相应的数学模型和控制结构框图。针对单相PWM整流器建模难和电流、电压控制环的PI调节器设计难的问题,提出了一种基于古典线性控制对非线性进行线性化和输入输出能量守恒相结合的单相PWM整流器的PI调节器的设计方法。分别对电流、电压控制环的调节器进行了选型和参数设计,并对改进型PR调节器进行了设计验证。为了抑制系统输出直流电压的跌落及消除电压谐波,采用了基于系统数学模型的电压补偿控制对其进行了有效的抑制,能得到稳定且谐波含量少的输出直流电压。
本文对单相PWM整流器的拓扑结构进行了选择,并对系统主电路,IGBT整流桥的驱动电路,直流电压、交流电流及电网电压同步信号的采样电路,DSP控制电路等进行了设计以及软件设计。通过仿真验证了系统能很好实现高功率因数电能变换和电能的双向流动,进行的部分实验验证了PWM脉冲控制的合理性和正确性,具有一定的理论价值和应用价值。
In the electrical power system, The voltage and the electric current should be complete sine waves. But in the actual electrical power system. As a result of misalignment load influence, the actual network voltage and the current waveform always have the varying degree distortion which bring many questions for the electric power distribution system and the neighbor other electrical equipment. Therefore has the necessity to take the measure to. limit it to the electrical network and other equipment's influence.
The high power factor electrical energy transformation and load electrical energy back coupling electrical network's realization is key question of the electric power energy conservation.. In order to cause the voltage PWM rectifier net side to present the current supply characteristic, Its net side current control appears very important. In PWM rectification technological development process, The voltage PWM rectifier net side current control strategy mainly divides into two kinds: One kind is "the indirect current control" strategy, Another kind is "the direct current control" strategy which occupies the main status at present. "the direct current control" is opposite in "the indirect current control" has the fast electric current effect and the good robustness. This article uses the fixed turn-on frequency triangular wave comparison direct current control method.
This article has carried on the analysis to the single-phase PWM rectifier and Inferred the corresponding mathematical model and the control structure diagram. In view of the difficulty of single-phase PWM rectifier modelling and the difficulty of the electric current and voltage control link's PI regulator designs, proposing one kind of single-phase PWM rectifier's PI regulator's design method which based on the classical linear control to the misalignment linearized and the input output energy conservation unifies. To the electric current, the voltage control link's regulator has carried on the shaping and the parameter design separately and has carried on the design confirmation to the advanced version PR regulator. In order to suppress the system output DC voltage depreciation and eliminate the voltage harmonics, voltage compensation control based on the system mathematical model used to carried on effective suppression and obtain stably, and few harmonic content output DC voltage.
This article has carried on the choice to the single-phase PWM rectifier's topology, to system main circuit, IGBT rectification bridge's driving circuit, DC voltage, alternating current and network voltage synchronized signal sampling circuit, the DSP control circuit and as well as software design. And confirmed the system through the simulation to be able very good to realize the high power factor electrical energy transformation and the electrical energy two-way flow. Carries on part experimental verification PWM pulse control rationality and accuracy, having certain theory value and the application value.
高功率因数电能变换和负载电能回馈电网的实现是电力节能的关键问题。为使电压型PWM整流器网侧呈现电流源特性,其网侧电流控制显得十分重要。在PWM整流技术发展过程中,电压型PWM整流器网侧电流控制策略主要分为两类:一类是“间接电流控制”策略;另一类是目前占主要地位的“直接电流控制”策略。“直接电流控制”相对于“间接电流控制”有着快速的电流效应和好的鲁棒性,本文采用固定开关频率三角波比较的直接电流控制方法。
本文对单相PWM整流器进行了分析,推导出了相应的数学模型和控制结构框图。针对单相PWM整流器建模难和电流、电压控制环的PI调节器设计难的问题,提出了一种基于古典线性控制对非线性进行线性化和输入输出能量守恒相结合的单相PWM整流器的PI调节器的设计方法。分别对电流、电压控制环的调节器进行了选型和参数设计,并对改进型PR调节器进行了设计验证。为了抑制系统输出直流电压的跌落及消除电压谐波,采用了基于系统数学模型的电压补偿控制对其进行了有效的抑制,能得到稳定且谐波含量少的输出直流电压。
本文对单相PWM整流器的拓扑结构进行了选择,并对系统主电路,IGBT整流桥的驱动电路,直流电压、交流电流及电网电压同步信号的采样电路,DSP控制电路等进行了设计以及软件设计。通过仿真验证了系统能很好实现高功率因数电能变换和电能的双向流动,进行的部分实验验证了PWM脉冲控制的合理性和正确性,具有一定的理论价值和应用价值。
In the electrical power system, The voltage and the electric current should be complete sine waves. But in the actual electrical power system. As a result of misalignment load influence, the actual network voltage and the current waveform always have the varying degree distortion which bring many questions for the electric power distribution system and the neighbor other electrical equipment. Therefore has the necessity to take the measure to. limit it to the electrical network and other equipment's influence.
The high power factor electrical energy transformation and load electrical energy back coupling electrical network's realization is key question of the electric power energy conservation.. In order to cause the voltage PWM rectifier net side to present the current supply characteristic, Its net side current control appears very important. In PWM rectification technological development process, The voltage PWM rectifier net side current control strategy mainly divides into two kinds: One kind is "the indirect current control" strategy, Another kind is "the direct current control" strategy which occupies the main status at present. "the direct current control" is opposite in "the indirect current control" has the fast electric current effect and the good robustness. This article uses the fixed turn-on frequency triangular wave comparison direct current control method.
This article has carried on the analysis to the single-phase PWM rectifier and Inferred the corresponding mathematical model and the control structure diagram. In view of the difficulty of single-phase PWM rectifier modelling and the difficulty of the electric current and voltage control link's PI regulator designs, proposing one kind of single-phase PWM rectifier's PI regulator's design method which based on the classical linear control to the misalignment linearized and the input output energy conservation unifies. To the electric current, the voltage control link's regulator has carried on the shaping and the parameter design separately and has carried on the design confirmation to the advanced version PR regulator. In order to suppress the system output DC voltage depreciation and eliminate the voltage harmonics, voltage compensation control based on the system mathematical model used to carried on effective suppression and obtain stably, and few harmonic content output DC voltage.
This article has carried on the choice to the single-phase PWM rectifier's topology, to system main circuit, IGBT rectification bridge's driving circuit, DC voltage, alternating current and network voltage synchronized signal sampling circuit, the DSP control circuit and as well as software design. And confirmed the system through the simulation to be able very good to realize the high power factor electrical energy transformation and the electrical energy two-way flow. Carries on part experimental verification PWM pulse control rationality and accuracy, having certain theory value and the application value.
引文
[1]张崇魏,张兴编著.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[2]陈荣,王玉彬.PWM整流电路概述[J].电源世界.2004.12:55-58.
[3]张承慧,杜春水等.变频调速能量回馈控制技术的现状与发展趋势[J].仪器仪表.2006.7:78-80.
[4]华中理工大学应用电子技术教研室.三相高频整流系统研究报告[R].1999.
[5]中国工业部.《中国工业部门能源效率研究报告集》[R].2004.6.
[6]Omar Stihi,Boon-Teck Ool.A Single-Phase Controlled-Current PWM Rectifier [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,Vol.3.No.4,October 1988:453-459.
[7]Hong-Seok Song,Roger Keil,Perer Mutschler,Jurgen van der Weem,Kwanghee Nam.Advanced Control Scheme for a Sing-Phase PWM Rectifier in Traction Applications[C]Applications-IndustryApplications Conference,2003,IEEE:1558-1565.
[8]Khai D.T.Ngo.Alternate Forms of the PWM Switch Models.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.Vol.35.No.4.October 1999:1283-1292.
[9]宁强.PWM整流器在矿用提升机变频器中的应用研究[D];硕士学位论文.2002.11.
[10]徐小平.三相PWM整流器的研究[D]:硕士学位论文.2004.2.
[11]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统---运动控制系统(第3版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.8.
[12]J.Sebastian,M.Jaureguizar,J.Uceda.An Overview of Power Factor Correction In Single-Phase Off-Line Power Supply Systems.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.1994,IEEE:1688-1693
[13]Francisco F.Zapata,Lautaro D.Salazar.Jose R.Espinoza.Analysis and Design of a Single-Phase PWM Current Sourse Rectifier with Neutral Leg.Neutral Leg Industrial Electronics Soceity,1998,IEEE:519-524.
[14]卫三民,李发海.一种大功率IGBT实用驱动及保护电路[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001.Vol41,No.9:55-58.
[15]唐丽丽,郑琼林.单相PWM整流器主电路参数选择探讨[J].北方交通大学学报.2000.8:98-102.
[16]赵振波,许伯强,李和明.高功率因数PWM整流器综述[J].华北电力大学学报.2002.10(第29卷第4期):153-158.
[17]于海宁,李明勇,张启平.高压整流电路的研究[J].船电技术.2002.5.5-7.
[18]曲莉莉,秦忆,杨兆华,杨振坤.PWM高频整流技术[J].佛山科学技术学院学报.2001.6.(第19卷第2期):22-26.
[19]O.Kukrer,.H.Komurcugil.Control Strategy for Single-Phase PWM Rectifiers.Electronics Letters 9th October 1997 Vol.33 No.21:1745-1746
[20]S.Jeevananthan P.Dananjayan,S.Venkatesan.SPWM-An Analytical Characterization and Performance Appraisal of Power Electronic Simulation Softwares[C]..2005,IEEEPEDS:1462-1467.
[21]Toshihisa Shimizu,Yasuhiro Jin,Gunji Kimura.De Ripple Current Reduction on a Single-Phase PWM Voltage-Source Rectifier.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,Vol.36,No.5,September/October 2000:237-240.
[22]Mario Marchesoni.DC-Link Filter Capacitors Reduction in Multilevel Modular H-Bridge Converter Structures.Industrial Electronics 2002,IEEE:902-907.
[23]Leandro Michels,Humberto Pinheiro,Hilton A.Grundling.Design of Plug-In Repetitive Controllers for Single-Phase PWM Inverters.Industrial Application Conference[C],2004.39thIAS.163-170.
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[26]Theodore F.gogart Jr.Jeffrey S.Beasley.Guillermo Rico(美)著,蔡勉,王建明,孙兴芳译.电子器件与电路[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.1.
[27]K.Hirachi,J,Yoshitsugu,L.Gamage,Y.Nishida,M.Nakaoka.Improved Control Strategy on Single-Phase PWM Current Source Inverter with Pulse Area Modulation[J].Power Electronics and Drive Systems,1997 International Conference on Volume 1,Issue,26-29 May 1997 Page(s):508 - 512 vol.
[28]Katsuya Hirachi,Yasuharu Tomokuni.Improved Control Strategy to Eliminate Harmonic Current Components for Single-Phase PWM Current Source Inverter.Telecommunications Energy Conference,1997.INTELEC 97.19th Intemational Volume,Issue,19-23 Oct.1997 Page(s):189-194.
[29]Man-Gi Kim,Woo-Cheol Lee,Dong-Seok Hyun.Instantaneous Control of a Single-Phase PWM Converter Considering the Variation of Observer Parameter.Industrial Electronics,Control and Instrumentation,1997.IECON 97.23rd International Conference on Volume 2,Issue,9-14 Nov 1997 Page(s):839-844 vol.2.
[30]Makoto Saito,Nobuyuki Matsui.Modeling and Control Strategy for a Single-Phase PWM Rectifier Using a Single-Phase Instantaneous Active/Reactive Power Theory.Telecommunications Energy Conference,2003.INTELEC apos:03.The 25th International Volume,Issue,19-23Oct..2003 Page(s):573-578.
[31]李伟,张黎.2种PWM整流器控制方法的比较和仿真[J].吉林电力.2001.5:36-39.
[32]魏克新,王云亮等.MATLAB语言与自动控制系统设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.8.
[33]薛超,罗耀华.电压型PWM整流器电流控制策略的研究[J].应用科技.2006.5.(第33卷第5期):43-46.
[34]毛鸿,沈琦,吴兆麟.PWM整流器的电压控制策略研究[J].电气传动.2003.3:21-23.
[35]张笑微,李永东,刘军.PWM整流器电流控制策略的研究[J].电力电子技术.2003.12:57-59.
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[47]冷海滨,林忠岳,孙洪亮.新型PWM整流器的研究[J].变频器世界.2006.2:39-43.
[2]陈荣,王玉彬.PWM整流电路概述[J].电源世界.2004.12:55-58.
[3]张承慧,杜春水等.变频调速能量回馈控制技术的现状与发展趋势[J].仪器仪表.2006.7:78-80.
[4]华中理工大学应用电子技术教研室.三相高频整流系统研究报告[R].1999.
[5]中国工业部.《中国工业部门能源效率研究报告集》[R].2004.6.
[6]Omar Stihi,Boon-Teck Ool.A Single-Phase Controlled-Current PWM Rectifier [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,Vol.3.No.4,October 1988:453-459.
[7]Hong-Seok Song,Roger Keil,Perer Mutschler,Jurgen van der Weem,Kwanghee Nam.Advanced Control Scheme for a Sing-Phase PWM Rectifier in Traction Applications[C]Applications-IndustryApplications Conference,2003,IEEE:1558-1565.
[8]Khai D.T.Ngo.Alternate Forms of the PWM Switch Models.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.Vol.35.No.4.October 1999:1283-1292.
[9]宁强.PWM整流器在矿用提升机变频器中的应用研究[D];硕士学位论文.2002.11.
[10]徐小平.三相PWM整流器的研究[D]:硕士学位论文.2004.2.
[11]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统---运动控制系统(第3版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.8.
[12]J.Sebastian,M.Jaureguizar,J.Uceda.An Overview of Power Factor Correction In Single-Phase Off-Line Power Supply Systems.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.1994,IEEE:1688-1693
[13]Francisco F.Zapata,Lautaro D.Salazar.Jose R.Espinoza.Analysis and Design of a Single-Phase PWM Current Sourse Rectifier with Neutral Leg.Neutral Leg Industrial Electronics Soceity,1998,IEEE:519-524.
[14]卫三民,李发海.一种大功率IGBT实用驱动及保护电路[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001.Vol41,No.9:55-58.
[15]唐丽丽,郑琼林.单相PWM整流器主电路参数选择探讨[J].北方交通大学学报.2000.8:98-102.
[16]赵振波,许伯强,李和明.高功率因数PWM整流器综述[J].华北电力大学学报.2002.10(第29卷第4期):153-158.
[17]于海宁,李明勇,张启平.高压整流电路的研究[J].船电技术.2002.5.5-7.
[18]曲莉莉,秦忆,杨兆华,杨振坤.PWM高频整流技术[J].佛山科学技术学院学报.2001.6.(第19卷第2期):22-26.
[19]O.Kukrer,.H.Komurcugil.Control Strategy for Single-Phase PWM Rectifiers.Electronics Letters 9th October 1997 Vol.33 No.21:1745-1746
[20]S.Jeevananthan P.Dananjayan,S.Venkatesan.SPWM-An Analytical Characterization and Performance Appraisal of Power Electronic Simulation Softwares[C]..2005,IEEEPEDS:1462-1467.
[21]Toshihisa Shimizu,Yasuhiro Jin,Gunji Kimura.De Ripple Current Reduction on a Single-Phase PWM Voltage-Source Rectifier.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,Vol.36,No.5,September/October 2000:237-240.
[22]Mario Marchesoni.DC-Link Filter Capacitors Reduction in Multilevel Modular H-Bridge Converter Structures.Industrial Electronics 2002,IEEE:902-907.
[23]Leandro Michels,Humberto Pinheiro,Hilton A.Grundling.Design of Plug-In Repetitive Controllers for Single-Phase PWM Inverters.Industrial Application Conference[C],2004.39thIAS.163-170.
[24][日]户川治郎著,高玉苹,唐伯雁,李大寨译.实用电源电路设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.1.
[25]刘志刚,叶斌,梁晖.电力电子学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.6.
[26]Theodore F.gogart Jr.Jeffrey S.Beasley.Guillermo Rico(美)著,蔡勉,王建明,孙兴芳译.电子器件与电路[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.1.
[27]K.Hirachi,J,Yoshitsugu,L.Gamage,Y.Nishida,M.Nakaoka.Improved Control Strategy on Single-Phase PWM Current Source Inverter with Pulse Area Modulation[J].Power Electronics and Drive Systems,1997 International Conference on Volume 1,Issue,26-29 May 1997 Page(s):508 - 512 vol.
[28]Katsuya Hirachi,Yasuharu Tomokuni.Improved Control Strategy to Eliminate Harmonic Current Components for Single-Phase PWM Current Source Inverter.Telecommunications Energy Conference,1997.INTELEC 97.19th Intemational Volume,Issue,19-23 Oct.1997 Page(s):189-194.
[29]Man-Gi Kim,Woo-Cheol Lee,Dong-Seok Hyun.Instantaneous Control of a Single-Phase PWM Converter Considering the Variation of Observer Parameter.Industrial Electronics,Control and Instrumentation,1997.IECON 97.23rd International Conference on Volume 2,Issue,9-14 Nov 1997 Page(s):839-844 vol.2.
[30]Makoto Saito,Nobuyuki Matsui.Modeling and Control Strategy for a Single-Phase PWM Rectifier Using a Single-Phase Instantaneous Active/Reactive Power Theory.Telecommunications Energy Conference,2003.INTELEC apos:03.The 25th International Volume,Issue,19-23Oct..2003 Page(s):573-578.
[31]李伟,张黎.2种PWM整流器控制方法的比较和仿真[J].吉林电力.2001.5:36-39.
[32]魏克新,王云亮等.MATLAB语言与自动控制系统设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.8.
[33]薛超,罗耀华.电压型PWM整流器电流控制策略的研究[J].应用科技.2006.5.(第33卷第5期):43-46.
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