短距无线数据传输及接口技术
摘要
作为无线产业的新领域,短距离(几米到几百米之间)无线数据传输显示出强劲的发展后劲,在国民经济的许多领域尤其是在工业测控上的应用日益广泛,发挥的作用也越来越重要,典型应用包括:身份识别,安全防火,无线遥控,数据通信等。在一些特殊情况下,这种无线数据传输是实现数据传输的唯一方式,为短距离无线监控系统的研究提出了独特的应用领域。
本文首先简要介绍了几种近年来比较流行的短距离无线数据传输技术,并进行了一定的性能比较与分析,然后对无线数据传输原理、调制模式与通信协议作了相关介绍。在此基础上,以单片机为控制核心,选取合适的无线收发芯片设计了无线数据采集系统。系统由上位机端和下位机端构成,在下位机端先用温度传感器进行温度的采集,将采集到的温度模拟信号进行放大等前端处理后,再进行A/D转换为数字量送入单片机,通过单片机的控制把数据由无线收发模块发送至上位机端,进行显示、处理和其它操作。
在上位机端设计了两种显示方案:LCD液晶显示和PC机界面显示。后一种方案涉及到单片机与PC机之间的通信,需要对它们之间的接口进行合理选择设计。本文分别设计了RS232串口和USB接口方案,给出了相关的硬件电路和软件框图、程序。并在PC机上用VB语言设计了显示更加友好、操作更简单、存储更方便的上位机接收界面。如有需要还可与数据库连接,发挥系统更加强大的功能。
本文最后对系统在不同环境下的通信距离、通信准确性等进行了现场测试与记录,分析了可能对通信距离与准确性产生影响的因素,提出了相应的应对措施,并对系统进行了合适的抗干扰设计,使系统具有较好的实际应用价值。
Being a new domain of wireless industry, short distance (several meters to hundreds of meters) wireless data transmission which has been used more widely and plays a more important role in lots of fields of national economy, especially on industrial measure and control, has shown its great devlopment potential. Its typical applications include personal identification, safety fireproof, wireless remote control and data communication and so on. In some special situation, wireless data transmission is the only way to achieve data transmisson, which puts forward a special applying field for the research of short distance wireless monitoring system.
Sevaral popular short distance wireless data transmission are introduced, analysed and compared on its performance firstly in this paper, then related introduction about theory of wireless data transrmssion,modulation mode and agreement of communication are given for better understanding. On the basis of these technical kownledge, choosing sigle chip computer as the control core and appropriate wireless transceiver chip, we design the wireless data acquisition system. The system is mainly composed of two sections:slave computer and host computer. Data acquised by temperature sensor is sent to sigle chip computer after amplified and converted from analog to digital by A/D chip in slave computer, then being controlled by sigle chip computer, transmmited to host computer for displaying, prosessing and other related operating through wireless module.
Two kinds of display scheme lcd display and PC display are designed in host computer in this paper. The later scheme, concerned with the communication between sigle chip computer and PC, needs prophitable choosing and designing on the interface. Two interface schemes RS232 and USB are designed in this paper, the hardware circuit, software block diagrams and programm related are also shown. At the same time, the reciving interface on PC is designed by VB, through which the receiving data can be displayed more freindly, operated more simplely and saved more conviniently. If needed, the reciving interface can functionate more powerfully by connectting with database.
We make field tests and analysis on the communication distance and correctness in different conditions in this paper, and analyse the factors which may have influence on communication. Then we propose relevant measures and make appropriate designs on the anti-jamming of the system, which make the system high value of practical application.
本文首先简要介绍了几种近年来比较流行的短距离无线数据传输技术,并进行了一定的性能比较与分析,然后对无线数据传输原理、调制模式与通信协议作了相关介绍。在此基础上,以单片机为控制核心,选取合适的无线收发芯片设计了无线数据采集系统。系统由上位机端和下位机端构成,在下位机端先用温度传感器进行温度的采集,将采集到的温度模拟信号进行放大等前端处理后,再进行A/D转换为数字量送入单片机,通过单片机的控制把数据由无线收发模块发送至上位机端,进行显示、处理和其它操作。
在上位机端设计了两种显示方案:LCD液晶显示和PC机界面显示。后一种方案涉及到单片机与PC机之间的通信,需要对它们之间的接口进行合理选择设计。本文分别设计了RS232串口和USB接口方案,给出了相关的硬件电路和软件框图、程序。并在PC机上用VB语言设计了显示更加友好、操作更简单、存储更方便的上位机接收界面。如有需要还可与数据库连接,发挥系统更加强大的功能。
本文最后对系统在不同环境下的通信距离、通信准确性等进行了现场测试与记录,分析了可能对通信距离与准确性产生影响的因素,提出了相应的应对措施,并对系统进行了合适的抗干扰设计,使系统具有较好的实际应用价值。
Being a new domain of wireless industry, short distance (several meters to hundreds of meters) wireless data transmission which has been used more widely and plays a more important role in lots of fields of national economy, especially on industrial measure and control, has shown its great devlopment potential. Its typical applications include personal identification, safety fireproof, wireless remote control and data communication and so on. In some special situation, wireless data transmission is the only way to achieve data transmisson, which puts forward a special applying field for the research of short distance wireless monitoring system.
Sevaral popular short distance wireless data transmission are introduced, analysed and compared on its performance firstly in this paper, then related introduction about theory of wireless data transrmssion,modulation mode and agreement of communication are given for better understanding. On the basis of these technical kownledge, choosing sigle chip computer as the control core and appropriate wireless transceiver chip, we design the wireless data acquisition system. The system is mainly composed of two sections:slave computer and host computer. Data acquised by temperature sensor is sent to sigle chip computer after amplified and converted from analog to digital by A/D chip in slave computer, then being controlled by sigle chip computer, transmmited to host computer for displaying, prosessing and other related operating through wireless module.
Two kinds of display scheme lcd display and PC display are designed in host computer in this paper. The later scheme, concerned with the communication between sigle chip computer and PC, needs prophitable choosing and designing on the interface. Two interface schemes RS232 and USB are designed in this paper, the hardware circuit, software block diagrams and programm related are also shown. At the same time, the reciving interface on PC is designed by VB, through which the receiving data can be displayed more freindly, operated more simplely and saved more conviniently. If needed, the reciving interface can functionate more powerfully by connectting with database.
We make field tests and analysis on the communication distance and correctness in different conditions in this paper, and analyse the factors which may have influence on communication. Then we propose relevant measures and make appropriate designs on the anti-jamming of the system, which make the system high value of practical application.
引文
[1]方旭明,何蓉等.短距离无线与移动通信网络[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[2]高泽溪等.无线电技术导论[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[3]王慕坤,刘文贵.通信原理(第二版)[M].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1995
[4]胡德明.基于DDS的频率合成技术的应用[J].科技资讯,2007,2:32-33
[5]张涛,陈亮.现代DDS的研究进展与概述[J].电子科技,2008,21(3):73-78
[6]远坂俊昭[日]著,何希才译.锁相环(PLL)电路设计与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[7]Rosemarin D.Accurately compute PLL charge pumpfilter parameters[J].Microwaves&RF,1999,38(2):89-94.
[8]薛瑞,李宗睿,李小汝.适用于51单片机的CRC算法研究[J].北华航天工业学院学报2007.2,17(1):12-14
[9]陈玲.循环冗余校验CRC[J].人才培训,52-54
[10]Nordic VLSI ASA1 433MHZ Single Chip RF Transceiver NRF401[EB/OL].2003,12.http://www.nvlsi.no.
[11]A Summary of Short Range Wireless[EB/OL].2003,1.http://www.techonline.com
[12]Mehta J L.Transceiver architectures for wireless ICs[J].RF Design,2001(2):76-96.
[13]Carl J.Weisman.The Essential Guide to RF and Wireless[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[14]李朝青.无线发送/接收IC芯片及其数据通信技术[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.5
[15]黄智伟.无线数字收发电路设计—电路原理与应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.5
[16]Mehta J L.Transceiver architectures for wireless ICs[J].RF Design,2001(2):76-96.
[17]刘波,王娜.无线芯片nRF401工作性能分析研究[J].中国信息科技,2006年第10期:171-174
[18]宋仲康,单联海.基于nRF401的无线数据收发模块在工业上的应用[J].工业控制技术,2006.1:97-101
[19]高廓.基于nRF24E1的无线多点温湿度测量系统方案设计.[研究生学位论文],吉林:吉林大学,2005.5
[20]Universal Serial Bus Specification Compaq,Intel,Microsoft,NEC Revision 1.1 September 23,1998.
[21]尹勇,王洪成.单片机开发环境uVision2使用指南及USB固件编程与调试[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.10
[22]CH372中文手册.南京沁恒电子有限公司.http://www.wch.cn
[23]杨应平,石城.基于CH372接口芯片的USB高速数据采集系统[J].武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版,2006.8,28(8):9-11
[24]李肇庆,廖峰,刘建存.USB接口技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[25]朱成全,黄键.PC与单片机数据采集系统的USB通讯设计[J].福建电脑,2006年第11期:167-168
[26]肖铎,徐洁,杜鹏英.基于USB口的无线数据收发器[J].浙江大学城市学院 电子技术应用,2006年第7期:80-82
[27]许永和.8051单片机USB接口程序设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[28]胡晓军,张爱成.USB接口开发技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005
[29]薛园园.USB应用开发技术大全[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007
[30]谭量,胡冀.基于nRF9E5的多点无线温度采集系统设计[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2006,26(4):30-33
[31]汤庆.基于单片机的粮库温度监控系统设计.[研究生学位论文],辽宁:大连海事大学,2004.3
[32]莫建鹏,於黄忠,麦棣科.基于集成温度传感器AD590的测温电路设计与实现[J].电子元器件应用,2007.2,9(2):26-28
[33]付家才.单片机控制工程实践技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.3.
[34]齐燕杰,宋文超.Visual Basic串口通信工程开发实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社2003.1
[35]张立科等.Visual Basic6.0程序设计参考手册[M].北京:人民邮电出版社 2003.11
[36]张展宇.短距离无线接入技术的研究与实现.[研究生学位论文],江苏:南京理工大学,2004.6
[37]徐岩.频移键控信号解调方法研究[J].兰州铁道学院学报(自然科学版),2002.2,19(1):60-62
[38]林万里,张颜萍.射频电路印刷电路板的设计[J].甘肃高师学报2006,11(2):16-17
[39]张义和.Protel PCB 99设计与应用技巧[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.6
[2]高泽溪等.无线电技术导论[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[3]王慕坤,刘文贵.通信原理(第二版)[M].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1995
[4]胡德明.基于DDS的频率合成技术的应用[J].科技资讯,2007,2:32-33
[5]张涛,陈亮.现代DDS的研究进展与概述[J].电子科技,2008,21(3):73-78
[6]远坂俊昭[日]著,何希才译.锁相环(PLL)电路设计与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[7]Rosemarin D.Accurately compute PLL charge pumpfilter parameters[J].Microwaves&RF,1999,38(2):89-94.
[8]薛瑞,李宗睿,李小汝.适用于51单片机的CRC算法研究[J].北华航天工业学院学报2007.2,17(1):12-14
[9]陈玲.循环冗余校验CRC[J].人才培训,52-54
[10]Nordic VLSI ASA1 433MHZ Single Chip RF Transceiver NRF401[EB/OL].2003,12.http://www.nvlsi.no.
[11]A Summary of Short Range Wireless[EB/OL].2003,1.http://www.techonline.com
[12]Mehta J L.Transceiver architectures for wireless ICs[J].RF Design,2001(2):76-96.
[13]Carl J.Weisman.The Essential Guide to RF and Wireless[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[14]李朝青.无线发送/接收IC芯片及其数据通信技术[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.5
[15]黄智伟.无线数字收发电路设计—电路原理与应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.5
[16]Mehta J L.Transceiver architectures for wireless ICs[J].RF Design,2001(2):76-96.
[17]刘波,王娜.无线芯片nRF401工作性能分析研究[J].中国信息科技,2006年第10期:171-174
[18]宋仲康,单联海.基于nRF401的无线数据收发模块在工业上的应用[J].工业控制技术,2006.1:97-101
[19]高廓.基于nRF24E1的无线多点温湿度测量系统方案设计.[研究生学位论文],吉林:吉林大学,2005.5
[20]Universal Serial Bus Specification Compaq,Intel,Microsoft,NEC Revision 1.1 September 23,1998.
[21]尹勇,王洪成.单片机开发环境uVision2使用指南及USB固件编程与调试[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.10
[22]CH372中文手册.南京沁恒电子有限公司.http://www.wch.cn
[23]杨应平,石城.基于CH372接口芯片的USB高速数据采集系统[J].武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版,2006.8,28(8):9-11
[24]李肇庆,廖峰,刘建存.USB接口技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[25]朱成全,黄键.PC与单片机数据采集系统的USB通讯设计[J].福建电脑,2006年第11期:167-168
[26]肖铎,徐洁,杜鹏英.基于USB口的无线数据收发器[J].浙江大学城市学院 电子技术应用,2006年第7期:80-82
[27]许永和.8051单片机USB接口程序设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[28]胡晓军,张爱成.USB接口开发技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005
[29]薛园园.USB应用开发技术大全[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007
[30]谭量,胡冀.基于nRF9E5的多点无线温度采集系统设计[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2006,26(4):30-33
[31]汤庆.基于单片机的粮库温度监控系统设计.[研究生学位论文],辽宁:大连海事大学,2004.3
[32]莫建鹏,於黄忠,麦棣科.基于集成温度传感器AD590的测温电路设计与实现[J].电子元器件应用,2007.2,9(2):26-28
[33]付家才.单片机控制工程实践技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.3.
[34]齐燕杰,宋文超.Visual Basic串口通信工程开发实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社2003.1
[35]张立科等.Visual Basic6.0程序设计参考手册[M].北京:人民邮电出版社 2003.11
[36]张展宇.短距离无线接入技术的研究与实现.[研究生学位论文],江苏:南京理工大学,2004.6
[37]徐岩.频移键控信号解调方法研究[J].兰州铁道学院学报(自然科学版),2002.2,19(1):60-62
[38]林万里,张颜萍.射频电路印刷电路板的设计[J].甘肃高师学报2006,11(2):16-17
[39]张义和.Protel PCB 99设计与应用技巧[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.6