中国古北界瘿螨总科（蜱螨亚纲：前气门目）的分类研究
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摘要
本文对中国古北界瘿螨总科进行全面、系统的分类研究，共记录57属、286种，其中包括2个新属、61个新种、9个中国新纪录种、3个新组合种，对其中的187种(作者所采集到的)进行详细的描述和主要形态特征图的绘制，编制中国古北界瘿螨总科分科、亚科、族、属及分种检索表；回顾了世界及中国瘿螨总科分类研究的历史；分析中国古北界瘿螨总科的地理分布；采用支序分类方法，联合使用PAUP 4．0b10和MacClade 4．06，研究中国古北界瘿螨总科各属的系统发育关系。
新属：副汾地哈勃属Paraphetehaburus gen．nov．和副奈氏瘿螨属Paranavia gen．nov．
新种：尖盾巴芮拉瘿螨Bariella spishieldis sp．nov．危害栎属Quercus sp．L．(Fagaceae)；泰山生瘿螨Cecidophyes taishanis sp．nov．危害械Acer sp．L．(Aceraceae)；槭拟缺节瘿螨Paracolomerus aceri sp．nov．危害槭Acer sp．L．(Aceraceae)；野核桃瘤瘿螨Aceria juglansis sp．nov．危害野核桃Juglans cathayensis Dode(Juglandaceae)；青冈似尖叶瘿螨Acaphyllisa glaucae sp．nov．危害青冈栎Quercus glauca Thunb．(Fagaceae)；洋县似尖叶瘿螨Acaphyllisa yangxiani sp．nov．危害柳树Salix sp．L．(Salicaceae)；三尖杉副汾地哈勃瘿螨Paraphetehaburus cephalotaxusis sp．nov．危害三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook．f．(Cephalotaxaceae)；镜泊弯里拉瘿螨Wanleelagus jingbois sp．nov．危害槭Acer sp．L．(Aceraceae)；化香树顶背瘿螨Tegonotus platycaryae sp．nov．危害化香树Platycarya strobilacea Sieb．et Zucc．(Juglandaceae)；瑞木顶背叶螨Tegonotus swidae sp．nov．危害红瑞木Swida alba Opiz(Cornaceae)；官鹅沟凯氏瘿螨Keiferella guanegouis sp．nov．危害云杉Picea asperata Mast．(Pinaceae)；青冈副奈氏瘿螨属Paranavia glaucae sp．nov．危害青冈栎Quercus glauca Thunb．(Fagaceae)；油松盾突瘿螨Proiectustabulaeformisis sp．nov．危害油松Pinus tabulaeformis Carr．(Pinaceae)；黑松盾突瘿螨Proiectus thunbergis sp．nov．危害黑松Pinus thunbergii Parl．(Pinaceae)；蛇莓毛刺瘿螨Callyntrotus duchesneae sp．nov．危害蛇莓Duchesnea indica(Andrews)Focke(Rosaceae)；茅坪上三脊瘿螨Calepitrimerus maopingis sp．nov．危害青冈栎Quercus glauca Thunb．(Fagaceae)；无梗五加上瘿螨Epitrimerus sessiliflori sp．nov．危害无梗五加Acanthopanax sessiliflorus(Rupr．et Maxim．)Seem．(Araliaceae)：瘤枝卫毛上瘿螨Epitrimerus verrucosusis sp．nov．危害瘤枝卫茅Euonymus verrucosus scop．(Celastraceae)；桑副上瘿螨Paraepitrimerus albae sp．nov．危害桑树Morus alba L．(Moraceae)；紫菀副上瘿螨Paraepitrimerus asteri sp．nov．危害紫菀Aster tataricus L．f．(Compositae)；藤山柳皱叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptruta clematoclethrae sp．nov．危害藤山柳属Clematoclethra sp．Maxim．(Actinidiaceae)；峨嵋蔷薇皱叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptruta omeiensisis sp．nov．危害峨嵋蔷薇Rosa omeiensis Rolfe(Rosaceae)；侧柏皱叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptruta platycladuse sp．nov．危害侧柏Platycladus orientalis(L．)Fanco (Cupressaceae)；太白皱叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptruta taibais sp．nov．危害榆属Ulmus sp．L．(Ulamaceae)；梅叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes armeniacae sp．nov．危害梅Armeniaca mume Sieb．(Rosaceae)；毛山楂叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes maximowiczis sp．nov．危害毛山楂Crataegus maximowiczii schneid．(Rosaceae)；粟叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes mollissimae sp．nov．危害栗Castanea mollissima Blume(Fagaceae)；唐松草叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes thalictrumis sp．nov．危害唐松草属Thalictrum sp．L．(Ranunculaceae)；红桦花刺瘿螨Anthocoptes alboes sp．nov．危害红桦Betula albo-sinensis Burkill(Betulaeceae)；醉鱼草花刺瘿螨Anthocoptes buddlejae sp．nov．危害醉鱼草Buddleja lindleyana Fort．(Loganiaceae)；紫椴刺瘿螨Aculus amurens sp．nov．危害紫椴Tilia amurensis Rupr．(Tilaceae)；紫菀刺瘿螨Aculus asteri sp．nov．危害紫菀Aster tataricus L．f．(Compositac)；长白山刺瘿螨Aculus changbais sp．nov．危害细柱柳Salix gracilistyla Miq．(Salicaceae)；翠华刺瘿螨Aculus cuihuae sp．nov．危害茶藨子属Ribes sp．L．(Saxifragaceae)；领春木刺瘿螨Aculus euptelea sp．nov．危害领春木Euptelea pleiospermum Hook．f．et Thoms．(Trochodendraceae)；酸模刺瘿螨Aculus rumexis sp．nov．危害酸模Rumex acetosa L．(Polygonaceae)；镜泊湖刺瘿螨Aculus jingbois sp．nov．危害毛樱桃Prunus tomentosa Thunb．(Rosaceae)；漆刺瘿螨Aculus toxicodendri sp．nov．危害漆树属Toxicodendron sp．(Tourn．)Mill．(Anacardiaceae)；鹅观草刺子瘿螨Aculodes roegneriae sp．nov．危害鹅观草Roegneria kamoji Ohwi(Gramineae)；猕猴桃四瘿螨Tetra actinidiae sp．nov．危害猕猴桃属Actinidia sp．Lindl．(Actinidiaceae)；马桑四瘿螨Tetra coriariae sp．nov．危害马桑Coriaria nepalensis Wall．(Coriaiaceae)；山茱萸四瘿螨Tetra cornusi sp．nov．危害山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb．et Zucc．(Comaceae)；金刚鼠李四瘿螨Tetra diamantiacae sp．nov．危害金刚鼠李Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai(Rhamnaceae)；黄檀四瘿螨Tetra hupeanae sp．nov．危害黄檀Dalbergia hupeana Hance(Leguminosae)；十齿花四瘿螨Tetra sinicusis sp．nov．危害十齿花Dipentodon sinicus Dunn (Celastraceae)；周至四瘿螨Tetra zhouzhis sp．nov．危害黄连木Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae)；佛坪畸瘿螨Abacarus fopingi rhusi sp．nov．危害盐肤木Rhus chinensis Mill．(Anacardiaceae)；长白山顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus changbais sp．nov．危害榆Ulmus sp．L(Ulmaceae)；探春花顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus floridunis sp．nov．危害探春花Jasminum floridun Bunge(Oleaceae)；黄荆顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus negundis sp．nov．危害黄荆Vitex negundo L．(Verbenaceae)；枯树顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus picrasmae sp．nov．危害苦树Picrasma quassioides(D．Don)Benn．(simarubaceae)；叶底珠顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus suffruticosae sp．nov．危害叶底珠Securinega suffruticosa(Pall．)Rchd．(Euphorbiaceae)；获顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus triarrhenae sp．nov．危害获Triarrhena sacchariflora (Maxim．)Nakai(Gramineae)；青杨双羽爪瘿螨Diptacus cathayanae sp．nov．危害青杨Populus cathayana Rehd．(salicaceae)；洋县双羽爪瘿螨Diptacus yangis sp．nov．危害青冈栎Quercus glauca Thunb．(Fagaceae)；瑞木蜡皮瘿螨Apodiptacus albae sp．nov．危害红瑞木Swida alba Opiz(Comaceae)；荀子鼻植羽瘿螨Rhinophytoptus cotoneasteri sp．nov．危害荀子Cotoneaster sp．B．Ehrhart(Rosaceae)；峨嵋蔷薇鼻植羽瘿螨Rhinophytoptus omeiensisis sp．nov．危害峨嵋蔷薇Rosa omeiensis Rolfe(Rosaceae)；吉林短沟瘿螨Brevulacus jilinis sp．nov．危害栎属Quercus sp．L．(Fagaceae)；宝天曼大嘴瘿螨Rhyncaphytioptus baotianmani sp．nov．危害椴树属Tilia L．(Tilaceae)；漆树大嘴瘿螨Rhyncaphytoptus toxicodendri sp．nov．危害漆树属Toxicodendron sp．(Tourn．)Mill．(Anacardiaceae)。
中国新记录种：椴树植羽瘿螨Phytoptus rotundus Hall，1967危害紫椴Tilia amurensis Rupr．(Tiliaceae)；猪殃殃生瘿螨Cecidophyes rouhollahi Craemaer，1999危害碎米芥Cardamine hirsuta L．(Cruciferae)和猪殃殃Galium aparine var．tenerum(Gren．et Godr．)Rchb．(Rubiaceae)；马尾松平植羽瘿螨Platyphytoptus pineae Castagnoli，1973危害马尾松Pinus massoniana Lamb(Pinaceae)；忍冬叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes lonicerae Petanovic & Boczek，1991危害忍冬属Lonicera L．(Caprifoliaceae)；白柳刺皮瘿螨Aculops albensis Manson，1984危害柳树Salix sp．L．(salicaceae)；桦鼻大嘴瘿螨Rhinotergum schestovici Petanovic，1988危害红桦Betula albo-sinensis Burkill(Betulaeceae)；柳大嘴瘿螨Rhyncaphytoptus acilius Keifer，1939危害柳树Salix sp．L．(Salicaceae)；黄花儿柳大嘴瘿螨Rhyncaphytoptus caprea Liro，1942危害黄花儿柳Salis caprea L．(Salicaceae)；花楸大嘴瘿螨Rhyncaphytoptus sorbi Liro，1943危害花楸树Sorbus pohuashanensis(Hance)Hedl．(Rosaceae)。
新组合种：榛子刺瘿螨Aculus coryli(Hong & Xue)，2005危害榛子Corylus heterophylla Fisch．ex Bess．(Betulaceae)；地榆刺瘿螨Aculus sanguisorbae(Hong &Xue)，2005危害地榆Sanguisorba officinalis L．(Rosaceae)；拟桔四瘿螨Tetra paracitri (Hong & Kuang)，1989危害枸橘Poncirus trifoliate(L．)Raf．(Rutaceae)。
首次对中国古北界瘿螨总科进行生物地理分析，中国瘿螨总科36．81％的瘿螨分布于中国古北界，中国瘿螨总科66．41％的瘿螨分布于中国东洋界，中国古北界和中国东洋界共有种占中国瘿螨总科的3．22％。中国古北界瘿螨丰富程度要小于中国的东洋界。中国瘿螨特有种比例较高，中国古北界特有种占中国古北界瘿螨比例为76．57％，中国东洋界特有种占中国东洋界瘿螨比例为86．63％。
采用支序分析方法，选取了34个形态特征，联合使用PAUP 4．0b10和MacClade4．06对中国古北界57属进行分析，得出以下结论：生瘿螨亚科Cecidophyinae中的缺节瘿螨族Colomerini和瘿螨亚科Eriophyinae中的瘤瘿螨族Aceriini合并到一个亚科；生瘿螨亚科Cecidophyinae中生瘿螨族Cecidophyini和瘿螨亚科Eriophyinae中瘿螨族Eriophyini合并到一个亚科；瘿螨总科进化关系为从植羽瘿螨科→瘿螨科→羽爪瘿螨科。
This dissertation is a comprehensive study on the Eriophyoidea in the Palaearctic Region of China. In total, there are 286 eriophyoid species in the Palaearctic Region of China belong to 57 genus, including 2 new genus, 61 new species, 9 new records in China and 3 new combination. Keys to the families, subfamilies, tribes, genus and species are listed. Taxonomic history and taxonomic state of the Eriophyoidea are reviewed worldwide and domestically. The geographic distribution of the Eriophyoidea in the Palaearctie Region of China are discussed. Cladistic analysis of generic relationships of the Eriophyoidea in Palaectic Region of China are made using PAUP 4.0610 and MacClade 4.06. All specimens are examined and drawn with the aid of a Leica DMR microscope.
New genus: Paraphetehaburus gen. nov. and Paranavia gen. nov.
New species: Bariella spishieldis sp. nov. on Quercus sp. L.(Fagaceae), Cecidophyes taishanis sp. nov. on Acer sp. L.(Aceraceae), Paracolomerus aceri sp. nov. on Acer sp. L. (Aceraceae), Aceria juglansis sp. nov. on Juglans cathayensis Dode(Juglandaceae), Acaphyllisa glaucae sp. nov. on Quercus glauca Thunb.(Fagaceae), Acaphyllisa yangxiani sp. nov. on Salix sp. L.(Salicaceae), Paraphetehaburus cephalotaxusis sp. nov. on Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook.f.(Cephalotaxaceae), Wanleelagus jingbois sp. nov. on Acer sp. L. (Aceraceae), Tegonotus platycaryae sp. nov. on Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. et Zucc. (Juglandaceae), Tegonotus swidae sp. nov. on Swida alba Opiz(Cornaeeae), Keiferella guanegouis sp. nov. on Picea asperata Mast.(Pinaceae), Paranavia glaucae sp. nov. on Quercus glauca Thunb.(Fagaceae), Proiectus tabulaeformisis sp. nov. on Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.(Pinaceae), Proiectus thunbergis sp. nov. on Pinus thunbergii Parl. (Pinaceae), Callyntrotus duchesneae sp. nov. on Duchesnea indica(Andrews) Focke (Rosaceae), Calepitrimerus maopingis sp. nov. on Quercus glauca Thunb.(Fagaceae), Epitrimerus sessiliflori sp. nov. on Acanthopanax sessiliflorus(Rupr. et Maxim.) Seem. (Araliaceae), Epitrimerus verrucosusis sp. nov. on Euonymus verrucosus Scop. (Celastraceae), Paraepitrimerus albae sp. nov. on Morus alba L. (Moraceae), Paraepitrimerus asteri sp. nov. on Aster tataricus L. f.(Compositae), Phyllocoptruta clematoclethrae sp. nov. on Clematoclethra sp. Maxim.(Actinidiaceae), Phyllocoptruta omeiensisis sp. nov. on Rosa omeiensis Rolfe(Rosaceae), Phyllocoptruta platycladuse sp. nov. on Platycladus orientalis(L.) Franco(Cupressaceae), Phyllocoptruta taibais sp. nov. on Ulmus sp. L.(Ulamaceae), Phyllocoptes armeniacae sp. nov. on Armeniaca mume Sieb. (Rosaceae), Phyllocoptes maximowiczis sp. nov. on Crataegus maximowiczii Schneid. (Rosaceae), Phyllocoptes mollissimae sp. nov. on Castanea mollissima Blume(Fagaceae), Phyllocoptes thalictrumis sp. nov. on Thalictrum sp. L.(Ranunculaceae), Anthocoptes alboes sp. nov. on Betula albo-sinensis Burkill(Betulaeceae), Anthocoptes buddlejae sp. nov. on Buddleja lindleyana Fort.(Loganiaceae), Aculus amurens sp. nov. on Tilia amurensis Rupr.(Tilaceae), Aculus asteri sp. nov. on Aster tataricus L. f.(Compositae), Aculus changbais sp. nov. on Salix gracilistyla Miq.(Salicaceae), Aculus cuihuae sp. nov. on Ribes sp. L.(Saxifragaceae), Aculus euptelea sp. nov. on Euptelea pleiospermum Hook. f. et Thoms.(Trochodendraceae), Aculus rumexis sp. nov. on Rumex acetosa L. (Polygonaceae), Aculus jingbois sp. nov. on Prunus tomentosa Thunb.(Rosaceae), Aculus toxicodendri sp. nov. on Toxicodendron sp.(Tourn.) Mill.(Anacardiaceae), Aculodes roegneriae sp. nov. on Roegneria kamoji Ohwi(Gramineae), Tetra actinidiae sp. nov. on Actinidia sp. Lindl.(Actinidiaceae), Tetra coriariae sp. nov. on Coriaria nepalensis Wall. (Coriariaceae), Tetra cornusi sp. nov. on Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.(Cornaceae), Tetra diamantiacae sp. nov. on Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai(Rhamnaceae), Tetra hupeanae sp. nov. on Dalbergia hupeana Hance(Leguminosae), Tetra sinicusis sp. nov. on Dipentodon sinicus Dunn(Celastraceae), Tetra zhouzhis sp. nov. on Pistacia chinensis Bunge(Anacardiaceae), Abacarus fopingi rhusi sp. nov. on Rhus chinensis Mill. (Anacardiaceae), Tegolophus changbais sp. nov. on Ulmus sp. L.(Ulmaceae), Tegolophus floridunis sp. nov. on Jasminum floridun Bunge(Oleaceae), Tegolophus negundis sp. nov. on Vitex negundo L.(Verbenaceae), Tegolophus picrasmae sp. nov. on Picrasma quassioides(D. Don), Benn.(Simarubaceae), Tegolophus suffruticosae sp. nov. on Securinega suffruticosa(Pall.) Rehd.(Euphorbiaceae), Tegolophus triarrhenae sp. nov. on Triarrhena sacchariflora(Maxim.) Nakai(Gramineae), Diptacus cathayanae sp. nov. on Populus cathayana Rehd.(Salicaceae), Diptacus yangis sp. nov. on Quercus glauca Thunb. (Fagaceae), Apodiptacus albae sp. nov. on Swida alba Opiz(Cornaceae), Rhinophytoptus cotoneasteri sp. nov. on Cotoneaster sp. B. Ehrhart(Rosaceae), Rhinophytoptus omeiensisis sp. nov. on Rosa omeiensis Rolfe(Rosaceae), Brevulacus jilinis sp. nov. on Quercus sp. L. (Fagaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus baotianmani sp. nov. on Tilia L.(Tilaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus toxicodendri sp. nov. on Toxicodendron sp.(Tourn.) Mill.(Anacardiaceae).
New records in China: Phytoptus rotundus Hall, 1967 on Tilia amurensis Rupr. (Tiliaceae), Cecidophyes rouhollahi Craemaer, 1999 on Cardamine hirsuta L.(Cruciferae) and Galium aparine var. tenerum(Gren. et Godr.) Rchb.(Rubiaceae), Platyphytoptus pineae Castagnoli, 1973 on Pinus massoniana Lamb(Pinaceae), Phyllocoptes lonicerae Petanovic & Boczek, 1991 on Lonicera L.(Caprifoliaceae), Aculops albensis Manson, 1984 on Salix sp. L.(Salicaceae), Rhinotergum schestovici Petanovic, 1988 on Betula albo-sinensis Burkill(Betulaeceae), Rhyncaphytoptus acilius Keifer, 1939 on Salix sp. L. (Salicaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus caprea Liro, 1942 on Salix caprea L.(Salicaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus sorbi Lifo, 1943 on Sorbus pohuashanensis(Hance) Hedl. (Rosaceae).
New recombination: Aculus coryli(Hong & Xue), 2005 on Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Bess.(Betulaceae), Aculus sanguisorbae(Hong & Xue), 2005 on Sanguisorba officinalis L.(Rosaceae), Tetra paracitri(Hong & Kuang), 1989 on Poncirus trifoliate(L.) Raf.(Rutaceae).
Biogeographic analysis was used on 777 eriophyoid species already known in China, including the new species and the new records. Among them, 36.81％species came from the Palaearctic Region of China, 66.41％were found in the Oriental Region of China and 3.22％occured both in these two regions. Therefore, the Oriental Region of China contains more species richness of eriophyoid mites than that in the Palaearctic Region. Eriophyoid mites in the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions are highly characteristic at species level, with 76.57％characteristic species occurred in the Palaearctic Region and 86.63％characteristic species in the other one.
Thirty-four characters were selected and analyzed. One strict consensus tree was made by PAUP 4.0610 and MacClade 4.06. Results from the analysis of consensue tree showed that Colomerini and Aceriini share the closest relationship and should be put in the same subfamily, so as Cecidophyini and Eriophyini. Based on the tree, we conclude that Phytoptidae may be the most ancient family in Eriophyoidea, while Diptilomiopdiae evolves at the fastest speed, and Eriophyidae stands at a position between Eriophyoidea and Diptilomiopdiae.
新属：副汾地哈勃属Paraphetehaburus gen．nov．和副奈氏瘿螨属Paranavia gen．nov．
新种：尖盾巴芮拉瘿螨Bariella spishieldis sp．nov．危害栎属Quercus sp．L．(Fagaceae)；泰山生瘿螨Cecidophyes taishanis sp．nov．危害械Acer sp．L．(Aceraceae)；槭拟缺节瘿螨Paracolomerus aceri sp．nov．危害槭Acer sp．L．(Aceraceae)；野核桃瘤瘿螨Aceria juglansis sp．nov．危害野核桃Juglans cathayensis Dode(Juglandaceae)；青冈似尖叶瘿螨Acaphyllisa glaucae sp．nov．危害青冈栎Quercus glauca Thunb．(Fagaceae)；洋县似尖叶瘿螨Acaphyllisa yangxiani sp．nov．危害柳树Salix sp．L．(Salicaceae)；三尖杉副汾地哈勃瘿螨Paraphetehaburus cephalotaxusis sp．nov．危害三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook．f．(Cephalotaxaceae)；镜泊弯里拉瘿螨Wanleelagus jingbois sp．nov．危害槭Acer sp．L．(Aceraceae)；化香树顶背瘿螨Tegonotus platycaryae sp．nov．危害化香树Platycarya strobilacea Sieb．et Zucc．(Juglandaceae)；瑞木顶背叶螨Tegonotus swidae sp．nov．危害红瑞木Swida alba Opiz(Cornaceae)；官鹅沟凯氏瘿螨Keiferella guanegouis sp．nov．危害云杉Picea asperata Mast．(Pinaceae)；青冈副奈氏瘿螨属Paranavia glaucae sp．nov．危害青冈栎Quercus glauca Thunb．(Fagaceae)；油松盾突瘿螨Proiectustabulaeformisis sp．nov．危害油松Pinus tabulaeformis Carr．(Pinaceae)；黑松盾突瘿螨Proiectus thunbergis sp．nov．危害黑松Pinus thunbergii Parl．(Pinaceae)；蛇莓毛刺瘿螨Callyntrotus duchesneae sp．nov．危害蛇莓Duchesnea indica(Andrews)Focke(Rosaceae)；茅坪上三脊瘿螨Calepitrimerus maopingis sp．nov．危害青冈栎Quercus glauca Thunb．(Fagaceae)；无梗五加上瘿螨Epitrimerus sessiliflori sp．nov．危害无梗五加Acanthopanax sessiliflorus(Rupr．et Maxim．)Seem．(Araliaceae)：瘤枝卫毛上瘿螨Epitrimerus verrucosusis sp．nov．危害瘤枝卫茅Euonymus verrucosus scop．(Celastraceae)；桑副上瘿螨Paraepitrimerus albae sp．nov．危害桑树Morus alba L．(Moraceae)；紫菀副上瘿螨Paraepitrimerus asteri sp．nov．危害紫菀Aster tataricus L．f．(Compositae)；藤山柳皱叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptruta clematoclethrae sp．nov．危害藤山柳属Clematoclethra sp．Maxim．(Actinidiaceae)；峨嵋蔷薇皱叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptruta omeiensisis sp．nov．危害峨嵋蔷薇Rosa omeiensis Rolfe(Rosaceae)；侧柏皱叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptruta platycladuse sp．nov．危害侧柏Platycladus orientalis(L．)Fanco (Cupressaceae)；太白皱叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptruta taibais sp．nov．危害榆属Ulmus sp．L．(Ulamaceae)；梅叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes armeniacae sp．nov．危害梅Armeniaca mume Sieb．(Rosaceae)；毛山楂叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes maximowiczis sp．nov．危害毛山楂Crataegus maximowiczii schneid．(Rosaceae)；粟叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes mollissimae sp．nov．危害栗Castanea mollissima Blume(Fagaceae)；唐松草叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes thalictrumis sp．nov．危害唐松草属Thalictrum sp．L．(Ranunculaceae)；红桦花刺瘿螨Anthocoptes alboes sp．nov．危害红桦Betula albo-sinensis Burkill(Betulaeceae)；醉鱼草花刺瘿螨Anthocoptes buddlejae sp．nov．危害醉鱼草Buddleja lindleyana Fort．(Loganiaceae)；紫椴刺瘿螨Aculus amurens sp．nov．危害紫椴Tilia amurensis Rupr．(Tilaceae)；紫菀刺瘿螨Aculus asteri sp．nov．危害紫菀Aster tataricus L．f．(Compositac)；长白山刺瘿螨Aculus changbais sp．nov．危害细柱柳Salix gracilistyla Miq．(Salicaceae)；翠华刺瘿螨Aculus cuihuae sp．nov．危害茶藨子属Ribes sp．L．(Saxifragaceae)；领春木刺瘿螨Aculus euptelea sp．nov．危害领春木Euptelea pleiospermum Hook．f．et Thoms．(Trochodendraceae)；酸模刺瘿螨Aculus rumexis sp．nov．危害酸模Rumex acetosa L．(Polygonaceae)；镜泊湖刺瘿螨Aculus jingbois sp．nov．危害毛樱桃Prunus tomentosa Thunb．(Rosaceae)；漆刺瘿螨Aculus toxicodendri sp．nov．危害漆树属Toxicodendron sp．(Tourn．)Mill．(Anacardiaceae)；鹅观草刺子瘿螨Aculodes roegneriae sp．nov．危害鹅观草Roegneria kamoji Ohwi(Gramineae)；猕猴桃四瘿螨Tetra actinidiae sp．nov．危害猕猴桃属Actinidia sp．Lindl．(Actinidiaceae)；马桑四瘿螨Tetra coriariae sp．nov．危害马桑Coriaria nepalensis Wall．(Coriaiaceae)；山茱萸四瘿螨Tetra cornusi sp．nov．危害山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb．et Zucc．(Comaceae)；金刚鼠李四瘿螨Tetra diamantiacae sp．nov．危害金刚鼠李Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai(Rhamnaceae)；黄檀四瘿螨Tetra hupeanae sp．nov．危害黄檀Dalbergia hupeana Hance(Leguminosae)；十齿花四瘿螨Tetra sinicusis sp．nov．危害十齿花Dipentodon sinicus Dunn (Celastraceae)；周至四瘿螨Tetra zhouzhis sp．nov．危害黄连木Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae)；佛坪畸瘿螨Abacarus fopingi rhusi sp．nov．危害盐肤木Rhus chinensis Mill．(Anacardiaceae)；长白山顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus changbais sp．nov．危害榆Ulmus sp．L(Ulmaceae)；探春花顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus floridunis sp．nov．危害探春花Jasminum floridun Bunge(Oleaceae)；黄荆顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus negundis sp．nov．危害黄荆Vitex negundo L．(Verbenaceae)；枯树顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus picrasmae sp．nov．危害苦树Picrasma quassioides(D．Don)Benn．(simarubaceae)；叶底珠顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus suffruticosae sp．nov．危害叶底珠Securinega suffruticosa(Pall．)Rchd．(Euphorbiaceae)；获顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus triarrhenae sp．nov．危害获Triarrhena sacchariflora (Maxim．)Nakai(Gramineae)；青杨双羽爪瘿螨Diptacus cathayanae sp．nov．危害青杨Populus cathayana Rehd．(salicaceae)；洋县双羽爪瘿螨Diptacus yangis sp．nov．危害青冈栎Quercus glauca Thunb．(Fagaceae)；瑞木蜡皮瘿螨Apodiptacus albae sp．nov．危害红瑞木Swida alba Opiz(Comaceae)；荀子鼻植羽瘿螨Rhinophytoptus cotoneasteri sp．nov．危害荀子Cotoneaster sp．B．Ehrhart(Rosaceae)；峨嵋蔷薇鼻植羽瘿螨Rhinophytoptus omeiensisis sp．nov．危害峨嵋蔷薇Rosa omeiensis Rolfe(Rosaceae)；吉林短沟瘿螨Brevulacus jilinis sp．nov．危害栎属Quercus sp．L．(Fagaceae)；宝天曼大嘴瘿螨Rhyncaphytioptus baotianmani sp．nov．危害椴树属Tilia L．(Tilaceae)；漆树大嘴瘿螨Rhyncaphytoptus toxicodendri sp．nov．危害漆树属Toxicodendron sp．(Tourn．)Mill．(Anacardiaceae)。
中国新记录种：椴树植羽瘿螨Phytoptus rotundus Hall，1967危害紫椴Tilia amurensis Rupr．(Tiliaceae)；猪殃殃生瘿螨Cecidophyes rouhollahi Craemaer，1999危害碎米芥Cardamine hirsuta L．(Cruciferae)和猪殃殃Galium aparine var．tenerum(Gren．et Godr．)Rchb．(Rubiaceae)；马尾松平植羽瘿螨Platyphytoptus pineae Castagnoli，1973危害马尾松Pinus massoniana Lamb(Pinaceae)；忍冬叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes lonicerae Petanovic & Boczek，1991危害忍冬属Lonicera L．(Caprifoliaceae)；白柳刺皮瘿螨Aculops albensis Manson，1984危害柳树Salix sp．L．(salicaceae)；桦鼻大嘴瘿螨Rhinotergum schestovici Petanovic，1988危害红桦Betula albo-sinensis Burkill(Betulaeceae)；柳大嘴瘿螨Rhyncaphytoptus acilius Keifer，1939危害柳树Salix sp．L．(Salicaceae)；黄花儿柳大嘴瘿螨Rhyncaphytoptus caprea Liro，1942危害黄花儿柳Salis caprea L．(Salicaceae)；花楸大嘴瘿螨Rhyncaphytoptus sorbi Liro，1943危害花楸树Sorbus pohuashanensis(Hance)Hedl．(Rosaceae)。
新组合种：榛子刺瘿螨Aculus coryli(Hong & Xue)，2005危害榛子Corylus heterophylla Fisch．ex Bess．(Betulaceae)；地榆刺瘿螨Aculus sanguisorbae(Hong &Xue)，2005危害地榆Sanguisorba officinalis L．(Rosaceae)；拟桔四瘿螨Tetra paracitri (Hong & Kuang)，1989危害枸橘Poncirus trifoliate(L．)Raf．(Rutaceae)。
首次对中国古北界瘿螨总科进行生物地理分析，中国瘿螨总科36．81％的瘿螨分布于中国古北界，中国瘿螨总科66．41％的瘿螨分布于中国东洋界，中国古北界和中国东洋界共有种占中国瘿螨总科的3．22％。中国古北界瘿螨丰富程度要小于中国的东洋界。中国瘿螨特有种比例较高，中国古北界特有种占中国古北界瘿螨比例为76．57％，中国东洋界特有种占中国东洋界瘿螨比例为86．63％。
采用支序分析方法，选取了34个形态特征，联合使用PAUP 4．0b10和MacClade4．06对中国古北界57属进行分析，得出以下结论：生瘿螨亚科Cecidophyinae中的缺节瘿螨族Colomerini和瘿螨亚科Eriophyinae中的瘤瘿螨族Aceriini合并到一个亚科；生瘿螨亚科Cecidophyinae中生瘿螨族Cecidophyini和瘿螨亚科Eriophyinae中瘿螨族Eriophyini合并到一个亚科；瘿螨总科进化关系为从植羽瘿螨科→瘿螨科→羽爪瘿螨科。
This dissertation is a comprehensive study on the Eriophyoidea in the Palaearctic Region of China. In total, there are 286 eriophyoid species in the Palaearctic Region of China belong to 57 genus, including 2 new genus, 61 new species, 9 new records in China and 3 new combination. Keys to the families, subfamilies, tribes, genus and species are listed. Taxonomic history and taxonomic state of the Eriophyoidea are reviewed worldwide and domestically. The geographic distribution of the Eriophyoidea in the Palaearctie Region of China are discussed. Cladistic analysis of generic relationships of the Eriophyoidea in Palaectic Region of China are made using PAUP 4.0610 and MacClade 4.06. All specimens are examined and drawn with the aid of a Leica DMR microscope.
New genus: Paraphetehaburus gen. nov. and Paranavia gen. nov.
New species: Bariella spishieldis sp. nov. on Quercus sp. L.(Fagaceae), Cecidophyes taishanis sp. nov. on Acer sp. L.(Aceraceae), Paracolomerus aceri sp. nov. on Acer sp. L. (Aceraceae), Aceria juglansis sp. nov. on Juglans cathayensis Dode(Juglandaceae), Acaphyllisa glaucae sp. nov. on Quercus glauca Thunb.(Fagaceae), Acaphyllisa yangxiani sp. nov. on Salix sp. L.(Salicaceae), Paraphetehaburus cephalotaxusis sp. nov. on Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook.f.(Cephalotaxaceae), Wanleelagus jingbois sp. nov. on Acer sp. L. (Aceraceae), Tegonotus platycaryae sp. nov. on Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. et Zucc. (Juglandaceae), Tegonotus swidae sp. nov. on Swida alba Opiz(Cornaeeae), Keiferella guanegouis sp. nov. on Picea asperata Mast.(Pinaceae), Paranavia glaucae sp. nov. on Quercus glauca Thunb.(Fagaceae), Proiectus tabulaeformisis sp. nov. on Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.(Pinaceae), Proiectus thunbergis sp. nov. on Pinus thunbergii Parl. (Pinaceae), Callyntrotus duchesneae sp. nov. on Duchesnea indica(Andrews) Focke (Rosaceae), Calepitrimerus maopingis sp. nov. on Quercus glauca Thunb.(Fagaceae), Epitrimerus sessiliflori sp. nov. on Acanthopanax sessiliflorus(Rupr. et Maxim.) Seem. (Araliaceae), Epitrimerus verrucosusis sp. nov. on Euonymus verrucosus Scop. (Celastraceae), Paraepitrimerus albae sp. nov. on Morus alba L. (Moraceae), Paraepitrimerus asteri sp. nov. on Aster tataricus L. f.(Compositae), Phyllocoptruta clematoclethrae sp. nov. on Clematoclethra sp. Maxim.(Actinidiaceae), Phyllocoptruta omeiensisis sp. nov. on Rosa omeiensis Rolfe(Rosaceae), Phyllocoptruta platycladuse sp. nov. on Platycladus orientalis(L.) Franco(Cupressaceae), Phyllocoptruta taibais sp. nov. on Ulmus sp. L.(Ulamaceae), Phyllocoptes armeniacae sp. nov. on Armeniaca mume Sieb. (Rosaceae), Phyllocoptes maximowiczis sp. nov. on Crataegus maximowiczii Schneid. (Rosaceae), Phyllocoptes mollissimae sp. nov. on Castanea mollissima Blume(Fagaceae), Phyllocoptes thalictrumis sp. nov. on Thalictrum sp. L.(Ranunculaceae), Anthocoptes alboes sp. nov. on Betula albo-sinensis Burkill(Betulaeceae), Anthocoptes buddlejae sp. nov. on Buddleja lindleyana Fort.(Loganiaceae), Aculus amurens sp. nov. on Tilia amurensis Rupr.(Tilaceae), Aculus asteri sp. nov. on Aster tataricus L. f.(Compositae), Aculus changbais sp. nov. on Salix gracilistyla Miq.(Salicaceae), Aculus cuihuae sp. nov. on Ribes sp. L.(Saxifragaceae), Aculus euptelea sp. nov. on Euptelea pleiospermum Hook. f. et Thoms.(Trochodendraceae), Aculus rumexis sp. nov. on Rumex acetosa L. (Polygonaceae), Aculus jingbois sp. nov. on Prunus tomentosa Thunb.(Rosaceae), Aculus toxicodendri sp. nov. on Toxicodendron sp.(Tourn.) Mill.(Anacardiaceae), Aculodes roegneriae sp. nov. on Roegneria kamoji Ohwi(Gramineae), Tetra actinidiae sp. nov. on Actinidia sp. Lindl.(Actinidiaceae), Tetra coriariae sp. nov. on Coriaria nepalensis Wall. (Coriariaceae), Tetra cornusi sp. nov. on Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.(Cornaceae), Tetra diamantiacae sp. nov. on Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai(Rhamnaceae), Tetra hupeanae sp. nov. on Dalbergia hupeana Hance(Leguminosae), Tetra sinicusis sp. nov. on Dipentodon sinicus Dunn(Celastraceae), Tetra zhouzhis sp. nov. on Pistacia chinensis Bunge(Anacardiaceae), Abacarus fopingi rhusi sp. nov. on Rhus chinensis Mill. (Anacardiaceae), Tegolophus changbais sp. nov. on Ulmus sp. L.(Ulmaceae), Tegolophus floridunis sp. nov. on Jasminum floridun Bunge(Oleaceae), Tegolophus negundis sp. nov. on Vitex negundo L.(Verbenaceae), Tegolophus picrasmae sp. nov. on Picrasma quassioides(D. Don), Benn.(Simarubaceae), Tegolophus suffruticosae sp. nov. on Securinega suffruticosa(Pall.) Rehd.(Euphorbiaceae), Tegolophus triarrhenae sp. nov. on Triarrhena sacchariflora(Maxim.) Nakai(Gramineae), Diptacus cathayanae sp. nov. on Populus cathayana Rehd.(Salicaceae), Diptacus yangis sp. nov. on Quercus glauca Thunb. (Fagaceae), Apodiptacus albae sp. nov. on Swida alba Opiz(Cornaceae), Rhinophytoptus cotoneasteri sp. nov. on Cotoneaster sp. B. Ehrhart(Rosaceae), Rhinophytoptus omeiensisis sp. nov. on Rosa omeiensis Rolfe(Rosaceae), Brevulacus jilinis sp. nov. on Quercus sp. L. (Fagaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus baotianmani sp. nov. on Tilia L.(Tilaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus toxicodendri sp. nov. on Toxicodendron sp.(Tourn.) Mill.(Anacardiaceae).
New records in China: Phytoptus rotundus Hall, 1967 on Tilia amurensis Rupr. (Tiliaceae), Cecidophyes rouhollahi Craemaer, 1999 on Cardamine hirsuta L.(Cruciferae) and Galium aparine var. tenerum(Gren. et Godr.) Rchb.(Rubiaceae), Platyphytoptus pineae Castagnoli, 1973 on Pinus massoniana Lamb(Pinaceae), Phyllocoptes lonicerae Petanovic & Boczek, 1991 on Lonicera L.(Caprifoliaceae), Aculops albensis Manson, 1984 on Salix sp. L.(Salicaceae), Rhinotergum schestovici Petanovic, 1988 on Betula albo-sinensis Burkill(Betulaeceae), Rhyncaphytoptus acilius Keifer, 1939 on Salix sp. L. (Salicaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus caprea Liro, 1942 on Salix caprea L.(Salicaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus sorbi Lifo, 1943 on Sorbus pohuashanensis(Hance) Hedl. (Rosaceae).
New recombination: Aculus coryli(Hong & Xue), 2005 on Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Bess.(Betulaceae), Aculus sanguisorbae(Hong & Xue), 2005 on Sanguisorba officinalis L.(Rosaceae), Tetra paracitri(Hong & Kuang), 1989 on Poncirus trifoliate(L.) Raf.(Rutaceae).
Biogeographic analysis was used on 777 eriophyoid species already known in China, including the new species and the new records. Among them, 36.81％species came from the Palaearctic Region of China, 66.41％were found in the Oriental Region of China and 3.22％occured both in these two regions. Therefore, the Oriental Region of China contains more species richness of eriophyoid mites than that in the Palaearctic Region. Eriophyoid mites in the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions are highly characteristic at species level, with 76.57％characteristic species occurred in the Palaearctic Region and 86.63％characteristic species in the other one.
Thirty-four characters were selected and analyzed. One strict consensus tree was made by PAUP 4.0610 and MacClade 4.06. Results from the analysis of consensue tree showed that Colomerini and Aceriini share the closest relationship and should be put in the same subfamily, so as Cecidophyini and Eriophyini. Based on the tree, we conclude that Phytoptidae may be the most ancient family in Eriophyoidea, while Diptilomiopdiae evolves at the fastest speed, and Eriophyidae stands at a position between Eriophyoidea and Diptilomiopdiae.
引文
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