湘西土家族苗族自治州环境保护与经济发展协调关系研究
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摘要
人类进入工业化社会以来,环境保护与经济发展已经成为一对尖锐的矛盾摆在我们面前。高速的经济发展造成了环境恶化、资源耗竭等一系列环境问题,这一系列问题不但降低了当代人的生活水平,而且也削弱了后代人生存发展的能力。经济欠发达的少数民族地区在面临这个两难矛盾时,形势尤显严峻。结合当代中国经济社会和谐发展和西部大开发战略构想,研究湘西自治州等少数民族地区环境保护和经济发展协调关系,对于促进少数民族地区的经济建设和社会进步,以及中国总体经济社会和谐发展都具有十分重要的理论意义和实践价值。
本文在GIS空间分析技术支持下,借用景观生态学原理,采用土地利用空间格局指标分析方法对1987-2000年间湘西自治州土地利用变化的空间格局进行分析,可以具体把握土地利用现状,反映区域内土地资源利用的特点和优劣势,进而可以更好的规划土地利用,改善生态环境,实现生态环境与经济协调发展。研究发现:近15年间,湘西自治州土地利用类型变化明显,尤其是耕地、林地变化最大,整个区域景观破碎化程度有所增大,这与经济发展和生态环境的破坏是息息相关的。
本文还运用环境库兹涅茨曲线模型(EKC)和SPSS统计软件,探究湘西自治州的经济发展和环境污染之间的计量关系。研究发现:工业废水曲线为“U+倒U”型,“倒U”型环境库兹涅茨曲线的峰值出现在2003-2004年间;工业废气曲线类似“倒U”型曲线的前半部分,未达转折点,仍处在上升期;工业固废曲线最符合典型的“倒U”型曲线,转折点出现在2004-2005年间。结果表明,工业化进程和提高人民收入的需求仍是湘西自治州现阶段的首要任务,但必须发展循环经济,走新型工业化道路,以实现区域环境保护和经济发展协调共进。
以上研究结果表明土地利用变化是导致湘西自治州等少数民族地区生态环境发生变化的主要原因。同时,发展经济、提高生产力是少数民族地区的首要任务,EKC曲线总体上已经达到转折点,但是局部地方还处于增长阶段,环境质量还会有恶化的趋势。因此,少数民族地区在经济的发展过程中要注意进行科学合理的土地利用规划,以此来协调好经济发展与环境保护之间的关系,同时根据各个不同地区的实际情况,采取相应的环保措施,保持少数民族地区良好的生态环境,要真正做到“环境-经济”的协调和可持续发展。
Since mankind’s entry into the industrialized society, the relation between environmental protection and economic development has become a sharp contradiction. High-speed economic development had a series of environmental problems, such as environmental degradation, depletion of natural resources. The series of problem not only lower the standard of living of the contemporary, but also undermine the survival and development capacity of future generations. Economical underdevelopment minority areas are all in the face of this acute dilemma, and the challenge is better serious. With contemporary China’s economic-social harmonious development and development of the western strategic concept, research on the coordinating relations between economic-social development and environmental protection in ethnic minority areas has a very important theoretical and practical value for the promotion of ethnic minority region's economic construction and social progress, and China's overall economic society harmonious development.
In this paper, With the support of GIS formidable space analysis technology and the principle of landscape ecology, the article analyzed the spatial pattern of land use change of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture in 1987 and 2000 through the method of land use spatial pattern index analysis, Also it can diagnose the rationality of the land utilization, so the government may make a better plan on land use and improvements on the ecological environment. Finally, the ecological environment and the regional economy may have coordinated developments. By this study, we can get some conclusions as follows: land use types had obvious changes nearly 15 years in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, especially the farmland and the woodland. The entire regional landscape fragmentation degree is increasingly, it is closely related to economical development and environmental degradation.
This paper applied SPSS statistical software and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) to explore the interrelationship between economic growth and environment degradation in Xiangxi, analyzed mechanisms of coordination between economic development and environmental protection in economically underdeveloped minority areas. The results showed that industrial Wastewater curve is the“inverted U+U”curve, the peak of“inverted U”-type Environment Kuznets curve lead in the corresponding year of 2003-2004, then it was a downward trend. Industrial emissions curve similar to the first half of the“inverted U”- shaped curve, have not yet reached the turning point, was still in a period of rising. Industrial Solid Waste curve was most accord with the typical“inverted U”curves, a turning point lead in the corresponding year of 2004-2005, and then showed a downward trend. The results showed that the process of industrialization and improving the income of people are still the most important tasks at this stage in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, but it must develop recycling economy and take a new road to industrialization, to achieve coordinated developments of ecological environment and of regional economy.
Most of all ethnic minority areas are now in economic growth period, the conflict of environmental protection and economic development is very urgent, we have not sufficient resources to support high consumption and high pollution in the mode of economic growth. So, the right of survive should be existed in the first place in ethnic minority areas, at the same time, according to the actual situation in various regions, government should take appropriate environmental protection measures to ensure that environmental protection and economic development may have coordination times.
本文在GIS空间分析技术支持下,借用景观生态学原理,采用土地利用空间格局指标分析方法对1987-2000年间湘西自治州土地利用变化的空间格局进行分析,可以具体把握土地利用现状,反映区域内土地资源利用的特点和优劣势,进而可以更好的规划土地利用,改善生态环境,实现生态环境与经济协调发展。研究发现:近15年间,湘西自治州土地利用类型变化明显,尤其是耕地、林地变化最大,整个区域景观破碎化程度有所增大,这与经济发展和生态环境的破坏是息息相关的。
本文还运用环境库兹涅茨曲线模型(EKC)和SPSS统计软件,探究湘西自治州的经济发展和环境污染之间的计量关系。研究发现:工业废水曲线为“U+倒U”型,“倒U”型环境库兹涅茨曲线的峰值出现在2003-2004年间;工业废气曲线类似“倒U”型曲线的前半部分,未达转折点,仍处在上升期;工业固废曲线最符合典型的“倒U”型曲线,转折点出现在2004-2005年间。结果表明,工业化进程和提高人民收入的需求仍是湘西自治州现阶段的首要任务,但必须发展循环经济,走新型工业化道路,以实现区域环境保护和经济发展协调共进。
以上研究结果表明土地利用变化是导致湘西自治州等少数民族地区生态环境发生变化的主要原因。同时,发展经济、提高生产力是少数民族地区的首要任务,EKC曲线总体上已经达到转折点,但是局部地方还处于增长阶段,环境质量还会有恶化的趋势。因此,少数民族地区在经济的发展过程中要注意进行科学合理的土地利用规划,以此来协调好经济发展与环境保护之间的关系,同时根据各个不同地区的实际情况,采取相应的环保措施,保持少数民族地区良好的生态环境,要真正做到“环境-经济”的协调和可持续发展。
Since mankind’s entry into the industrialized society, the relation between environmental protection and economic development has become a sharp contradiction. High-speed economic development had a series of environmental problems, such as environmental degradation, depletion of natural resources. The series of problem not only lower the standard of living of the contemporary, but also undermine the survival and development capacity of future generations. Economical underdevelopment minority areas are all in the face of this acute dilemma, and the challenge is better serious. With contemporary China’s economic-social harmonious development and development of the western strategic concept, research on the coordinating relations between economic-social development and environmental protection in ethnic minority areas has a very important theoretical and practical value for the promotion of ethnic minority region's economic construction and social progress, and China's overall economic society harmonious development.
In this paper, With the support of GIS formidable space analysis technology and the principle of landscape ecology, the article analyzed the spatial pattern of land use change of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture in 1987 and 2000 through the method of land use spatial pattern index analysis, Also it can diagnose the rationality of the land utilization, so the government may make a better plan on land use and improvements on the ecological environment. Finally, the ecological environment and the regional economy may have coordinated developments. By this study, we can get some conclusions as follows: land use types had obvious changes nearly 15 years in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, especially the farmland and the woodland. The entire regional landscape fragmentation degree is increasingly, it is closely related to economical development and environmental degradation.
This paper applied SPSS statistical software and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) to explore the interrelationship between economic growth and environment degradation in Xiangxi, analyzed mechanisms of coordination between economic development and environmental protection in economically underdeveloped minority areas. The results showed that industrial Wastewater curve is the“inverted U+U”curve, the peak of“inverted U”-type Environment Kuznets curve lead in the corresponding year of 2003-2004, then it was a downward trend. Industrial emissions curve similar to the first half of the“inverted U”- shaped curve, have not yet reached the turning point, was still in a period of rising. Industrial Solid Waste curve was most accord with the typical“inverted U”curves, a turning point lead in the corresponding year of 2004-2005, and then showed a downward trend. The results showed that the process of industrialization and improving the income of people are still the most important tasks at this stage in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, but it must develop recycling economy and take a new road to industrialization, to achieve coordinated developments of ecological environment and of regional economy.
Most of all ethnic minority areas are now in economic growth period, the conflict of environmental protection and economic development is very urgent, we have not sufficient resources to support high consumption and high pollution in the mode of economic growth. So, the right of survive should be existed in the first place in ethnic minority areas, at the same time, according to the actual situation in various regions, government should take appropriate environmental protection measures to ensure that environmental protection and economic development may have coordination times.
引文
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