聚硅酸盐混凝剂的制备、混凝特性及其在给排水处理中的应用
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摘要
简述了无机高分子混凝剂的应用和研究进展, 对比了铝、铁盐混凝剂的优缺
     点,指出将聚硅酸与无机铁铝盐混凝剂复配,制备性能稳定的无机高分子聚硅酸
     盐混凝剂,发挥各自的优势,应用于水处理领域,是今后国内外无机高分子混凝
     剂研究的新趋势。为此本文着重开展了以下几个方面的工作:
     1聚硅硫酸铝混凝剂的制备及混凝性能研究。以硅酸钠和硫酸铝为原料,制
     备了聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)。应用分光光度计和函数记录仪联用系统对PASS的混凝
     效果进行了在线考察,直观的反映了铝硅配比、熟化时间、慢搅时间等因素对PASS
     混凝性能的影响。结果表明,在SiO_2/A1摩尔比为0-2的范围内,PASS的混凝
     效果随SiO_2含量的增加而提高。PASS的混凝效果与熟化时间有密切关系,聚硅
     酸的长链结构是提高PASS混凝性能的主要原因。延长慢搅过程有利于提高其混
     凝效果。初步分析了PASS、硫酸铝和聚硅酸的紫外光谱和拉曼光谱,探讨了PASS
     的混凝机理。另外,测定了PASS处理后水中的残留铝和可溶性二氧化硅,探讨
     了PASS显著降低残留铝和可溶性二氧化硅的机理。将PASS用于中原油田循环
     注水的混凝处理,与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)进行比较。结果表
     明,PASS在降低悬浮物(SS)和总铁量、增大絮凝体的直径、加快沉降速度等方
     面均优于PFS和PAC,在常温下的混凝性能尤其显著。
     2用水玻璃对自制的聚合硫酸铁进行改性处理,制得聚硅酸硫酸铁(PFSS)混
     凝剂,用于高岭土、汉江水样和油田废水的混凝处理。考察了硅铁配比、熟化
     时间、水样pH值和温度对混凝性能的影响并与聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)聚合氯化铝
     (PAC)和聚合硫酸铁(PFS)进行比较。结果表明:PFSS在降低SS、增大矾花直径、
     提高沉降速度等方面均优于PAC和聚合铁,与PASS相比其贮存时间可显著延
     长,且处理高浊度水时有明显优势。
     3聚硅酸铁铝混凝剂的性能研究。以水玻璃、硫酸铝和自制的硫酸铁为原
     料,制备了聚硅酸铁铝(PAFSS)混凝剂,实验了硅酸活化pH值及PAFSS中铁铝
     比对其混凝性能的影响,此外还初步研究了贮存pH值等因素对PASS和PAFSS
     摘 要
     稳定性的影响。结果表明,聚硅酸盐混凝剂的稳定性与硅酸的活化pH值和活化
     时间及共存离子有关。铁离子的存在可显著增强其稳定性。
     4金属离子对硅酸混凝性能的影响研究。制备了含不同金属离子的聚硅酸
     盐混凝剂oMSS),考察了投加量、水样pH值、熟化时间和PMSS中硅酸含量等
     因素对其混凝性能的影响。并通过分析金属离子一级水解常数与混凝效果之间的
     关系,初步探讨了金属离子的水解聚合行为对PMSS混凝性能的影响机理。结
     果表明,PMSS的混凝性能与金属离子的水解聚合行为及硅酸的含量和结构有
     关。
     5聚硅酸亚铁混凝剂的混凝性能研究。用硫酸亚铁和硅酸钠制备了聚硅酸亚 二
     铁oFSS)混凝剂,考察了8。含量、投加量、水样出等因素对其的混凝性能影
     响,对比分析 T Fe》与 Fev混凝行为的差异,并试验了 KMnO4的投加量和投加
     方式对PFSS混凝行为的影响。利用分光光度计和函数记录仪联用系统对PFSS
     的混凝效果进行了在线考察,直观的反映了 PFSS的混凝行为,初步探讨了时”
     的水解和氧化过程对混凝性能的影响机理。
The application and research progress of inorganic polymer coagulan are
    discussed in brief, and the merits and demerits of polyaluminum, polyferric and
    polysilica are analysised. It can be said that the preparation research of Polymetal
    Silicate Sulfate (PMSS) which possess the merits of them and the research of its
    application will be the future trends in the future. So. we carried out the following
    research:
    1 The preparation and coagulation property of PASS. The coagulation property of
    PASS was investigated on-line with the system of spectrophotometer and functional
    recorder. The effects of SiO_2/Al molar ratio, aging time and slow-stirring time on the
    coagulation property of PASS were reflected obviously by the system. Experimental
    results show that the coagulation property of PASS improves with the increasing of
    SiO_2/Al molar ratio from zero to two. PASS possesses favorable performance at the
    appropriate aging time because of the sweeping and adsorption action of the long-chain
    of polysilcic. Otherwise, the UV-spectra of PASS, Aluminum sulfate, and polysilicate
    and the coagulation mechanism of PASS were primary discussed. Experimental results
    show tha the coagulation performance of PASS is better than aluminum sulfate, and
    the residual aluminum and dissoluble silica are lower Using PASS, the oil-field
    wastewer was treated. Experimental results show tha PASS has bettr performance
    than polyferric sulfate(PFS) and polyalumimun chloride(PAC) on removing the
    suspended substance(SS) and decreasing residual iron as well as on forming bigger floc
    and douling sedimentation, especially at normal temperature
    2 The coagulation property of PFSS on oil-field wasterwater. Using water glass
    and ferric sulfate the coagulant PFSS was prepared by which the oil-field wastewater
    was treated. The influence of the the aging time of PFSS, the pH and temperature of
    water on the coagulation property especially on the amount of residual iron were
    experimented. The results show that PFSS has better performance than PASS PFS and
    PAC on removing the SS and decreasing residual iron, especially at lowet temperatUre.
    3 StUdy on the coagulation property of PAFSS. The coagUlan polysilica
    alunilnum sulfate and fetric sulfate(PAFSS) was prepared using waer glass, aluminum
    sulfate and fetric sulfate. The influence of aging pH and, Fe/Al molar ratio on the
    coagUlation property and stabiliZaion were experimented. Results show that they have
    great influence on the stabilization and the Fe3+can obviously increase the stabilization
    of po1ysilica.
    4 StUdy on the coagUlation property of polymetal silicate sulfate. The ploymetal
    silicate sulfate (PMSS) ware prepared, and the influences of the additive amount, aging
    time, ti1e SiO,/M mo1ar ratio of PMSS, and the pH of water on its coagUlation Property
    were investigated. The mechedsm of the degree of hydrolyZation and polymerization
    of metal on it property was PriInary discussed also. The resultS shOw that the
    hydrolyzation and polymeriZaion of metal and the strUctUre of POlysilicate has great
    effect on the coagulation property of PMSS
    5 The CoagUlation Behedor of Polyfermus Silicate Sulfato (PFSS). Using ferrus
    sulfate and water glass, PFSS were prePared. The influences of the proPOnion of SiO,,
    the additive amoun, the pH of water on the coagulation property of Fe2+ were
    investigated, the difference of coagUlation pefformane betWen Fe2' and Fe3+ were
    also discussed, and the effects of KMnO, on the coagUlation behaior of Fe+ wer
    exPerimented. The coagUlation propeny of PFSS was inveaigated on-line with the
    system of spectrophotometer and functional recorder, and the cOagulation behavior of
    PFSS was reflected obviously by the system. Othbose, and the influence mechanism
    of the hydrOlysis and oxidation of Fe2+on PFSS was discussed.
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