内蒙古赤峰拜仁达坝银多金属矿矿床特征及成因探讨
摘要
大兴安岭西坡是我国重要的银多金属成矿带。拜仁达坝银多金属矿床位于大兴安岭西坡中南段的林西县境内,是近年发现的一个超大型银多金属矿床。通过成矿背景,矿床地质特征、控矿条件、流体包裹体等方面的研究,阐述了矿床成因类型,建立了矿床成矿模式,对找矿潜力进行了评价。我们认为拜仁达坝银多金属矿床是断裂控制的与燕山期侵入岩有关的热液脉型银矿床。中生代强烈的构造-岩浆作用是本地区成矿的关键,华力西期基性岩脉和二叠系基底地层为成矿提供了主要的成矿物质,燕山期花岗岩岩浆活动后期形成的霏细岩脉为成矿提供了主要热源,成矿热液在断裂内交代、充填沉淀成矿。该矿成矿后受到一条北西向断裂的穿切、破坏。
Abstract: The western slope of Great Hsian Mountain is one of the dominant polymetal Ag metallogenic belts in China. Bairendaba polymetal Ag deposit is located in Linxi county, Chifeng city, Inner Mongolia. It’s a municipality deposit with 5000 tons of reserves. This area is situated in the ultimate collision belt between Siberian platform and North China platform. The two platforms collided at the end of early Permian that leaded to intensive granitic magma intruded. Intense tectono-magmatism in this period is the found of regional mineralization in this area.
Proterozoic and Permian stratum were the main exposed strata and northeast, nearly transmeridional and northwest fault are the primary structures in this area. Variscan quartz-diorite and Yanshanian granite are the main intrusive rocks. According to researches in field and ore microscope characteristics, we think that amphibolite identified by No. 9 Mineral Survey Institution, inner Mongolia should be diabase-gabbro. In the exploratory trench of west part of mining district we find some felsite dikes for the first time.
Proterozoic gneiss and Variscan quartz-diorite are the immediate wall rocks of ore bodies. The types of wall rocks have no influence on the mineralization. Most of ore bodies were located in the near transmeridional compresso-shear faults and their occurrences are in accordance with the structure shattered zones. We found that a northwest fault took place when ore had been deposited and it divided the mining district into two parts i.e. west part and east part. Obviously the east part was uplifted higher and denuded hardly than the west part.
The main metallic minerals consist of pyrrhotine, pyrite, sphalerite, galena and and the main nonmetallic minerals are composed by chlorite, quartz and fluorite. During our research, we firstly find boulangerite, stannite and argentiferous terahedrite by electron microprobe and ore microscope analysis
in Bairendaba Ag polymetal deposit. Argentite is the main silver ores, and the others are argentiferous terahedrite, native silver and isomorphism silver. The above silver ores were distributed in the galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite as immiscible inclusions. Refer to the regional geochemistry setting, Premian foundamental stratum riched in silver, lead and zinc on southeast of mining district may have offered a lot of metallogenic elements for metallogenesis. Yanshanian granite in the north and southeast of mining district probably offered parts of metallogenic element, thermal power and water. Busic dikes formed in Variscan near ore bodies probably offered most of silver for metallogenesis. Felsite dikes formed just before the metallogenesis period were made by the late stage of Yanshanian magmatism. They also came closely with ore bodies and often cut off by ore bodies. We supposed it offered primary thermal power for metallogenesis. Based on experience and analysis, we found that δ34S‰is nearly zero in minerals in this ore deposit. So sulfur in this deposit should come from mantle. Refer to the hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions characteristics of polymetal deposits in this area and the low salinity of ore-forming fluid, we consider that ore-forming fluid in this deposit is heated meteoric water. Based on the tests of fluid inclusions, we concluded that this deposit was formed in relatively moderate or low temperature(210~300℃). The salinity and density of ore-forming fluid are very low, i.e. 2~8% and 0.84g/cm3 respectively. The depth (7.08 km) and reductibility (0.155 ～0.798) of metallogenesis is relatively moderate. This deposit was formed by several stages of metallogenesis. Bairendaba polymetal Ag deposit came into being at the late stage of early Yanshanian tectono-magmatism. Ore bodies were mainly controlled by nearly transmeridional compresso-shear faults formed in early Yanshanian. Magmatism in early Yanshanian was important for the forming of this deposit and offered parts of thermal power and brought much metallogenic elements because it fractional resorptived Premian foundamental stratum enriched in silver when it intruded into the superficial crust, lead and zinc and brought them there. At the late stage of the Yanshannia magmatism, massive acidic
Abstract: The western slope of Great Hsian Mountain is one of the dominant polymetal Ag metallogenic belts in China. Bairendaba polymetal Ag deposit is located in Linxi county, Chifeng city, Inner Mongolia. It’s a municipality deposit with 5000 tons of reserves. This area is situated in the ultimate collision belt between Siberian platform and North China platform. The two platforms collided at the end of early Permian that leaded to intensive granitic magma intruded. Intense tectono-magmatism in this period is the found of regional mineralization in this area.
Proterozoic and Permian stratum were the main exposed strata and northeast, nearly transmeridional and northwest fault are the primary structures in this area. Variscan quartz-diorite and Yanshanian granite are the main intrusive rocks. According to researches in field and ore microscope characteristics, we think that amphibolite identified by No. 9 Mineral Survey Institution, inner Mongolia should be diabase-gabbro. In the exploratory trench of west part of mining district we find some felsite dikes for the first time.
Proterozoic gneiss and Variscan quartz-diorite are the immediate wall rocks of ore bodies. The types of wall rocks have no influence on the mineralization. Most of ore bodies were located in the near transmeridional compresso-shear faults and their occurrences are in accordance with the structure shattered zones. We found that a northwest fault took place when ore had been deposited and it divided the mining district into two parts i.e. west part and east part. Obviously the east part was uplifted higher and denuded hardly than the west part.
The main metallic minerals consist of pyrrhotine, pyrite, sphalerite, galena and and the main nonmetallic minerals are composed by chlorite, quartz and fluorite. During our research, we firstly find boulangerite, stannite and argentiferous terahedrite by electron microprobe and ore microscope analysis
in Bairendaba Ag polymetal deposit. Argentite is the main silver ores, and the others are argentiferous terahedrite, native silver and isomorphism silver. The above silver ores were distributed in the galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite as immiscible inclusions. Refer to the regional geochemistry setting, Premian foundamental stratum riched in silver, lead and zinc on southeast of mining district may have offered a lot of metallogenic elements for metallogenesis. Yanshanian granite in the north and southeast of mining district probably offered parts of metallogenic element, thermal power and water. Busic dikes formed in Variscan near ore bodies probably offered most of silver for metallogenesis. Felsite dikes formed just before the metallogenesis period were made by the late stage of Yanshanian magmatism. They also came closely with ore bodies and often cut off by ore bodies. We supposed it offered primary thermal power for metallogenesis. Based on experience and analysis, we found that δ34S‰is nearly zero in minerals in this ore deposit. So sulfur in this deposit should come from mantle. Refer to the hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions characteristics of polymetal deposits in this area and the low salinity of ore-forming fluid, we consider that ore-forming fluid in this deposit is heated meteoric water. Based on the tests of fluid inclusions, we concluded that this deposit was formed in relatively moderate or low temperature(210~300℃). The salinity and density of ore-forming fluid are very low, i.e. 2~8% and 0.84g/cm3 respectively. The depth (7.08 km) and reductibility (0.155 ～0.798) of metallogenesis is relatively moderate. This deposit was formed by several stages of metallogenesis. Bairendaba polymetal Ag deposit came into being at the late stage of early Yanshanian tectono-magmatism. Ore bodies were mainly controlled by nearly transmeridional compresso-shear faults formed in early Yanshanian. Magmatism in early Yanshanian was important for the forming of this deposit and offered parts of thermal power and brought much metallogenic elements because it fractional resorptived Premian foundamental stratum enriched in silver when it intruded into the superficial crust, lead and zinc and brought them there. At the late stage of the Yanshannia magmatism, massive acidic
引文
1 张喜周,张振邦.内蒙大兴安岭南段地质构造与成矿[J].矿产与地质.2003,17(297):301.
2 李鹤年,段国正等.中国大兴安岭银矿床[M].吉林科学技术出版社.1994年:31,43.
3 内蒙古第九地质矿产勘查开发院.内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗拜仁达坝银多金属矿普查设计(内部资料).2004 年.
4 曾庆丰.论热液成矿条件.科学出版社.1986 年.56.
5 季克俭,王立本等.热液源研究的重要进展和“三源”交代热液成矿学说[J].地学前缘.1994,19(3—4):130.
6 王登红.非平衡热液成矿的探讨.矿物岩石地球化学通报[J].1995(2):130～131.
7 袁见齐,朱上庆等.矿床学[M].地质出版社.1985 年:312～322.
8 卢焕章.成矿流体[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1997 年:250.
9 向伟东,胡绍康等.大兴安岭西坡及邻区银铅锌矿床成矿作用若干问题的讨论.铀矿地质. 1998, 14(6):350.
10 连长云.大兴安岭西坡中生代火山岩形成机制[J].地质地球化学. 2000,8(2):26.
11 解成波,刘明.查干布拉根银铅锌(金)矿床地质特征及成因类型[J].世界地质. 2001,20(1):25,28.
12 张建,莫吉勋.论宁镇地区层断热液型铅锌矿床[J].江苏地质.21(3),1997年:147～151.
13 赵一鸣,王大畏等.内蒙古东南部铜多金属成矿地质条件及找矿模式[M].地震出版社.1994 年: 56,88,141.
14 盛继福,傅先政.大兴安岭中段成矿环境与铜多金属矿床地质特征.地震出版社.1999 年:36～38,88,125～143,183.
15 戴自希. 世界银矿资源潜力和可供性研究[M]. 北京. 地震出版社. 2002 年2 月:167.
16 张德全,赵一鸣,徐志刚,张家萌等编.大兴安岭及邻区铜多金属矿床 论文集[M].地震出版社.1993 年:28～40,47,63～6579～85.
17 李朝阳等.有关银矿床研究中几个问题的讨论[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报. 2000,19(4):222.
18 张理刚,陈振胜等.内蒙古额仁陶勒盖银矿水—岩相互作用及矿石沉淀氢氧同位素研究[J].地球学报.1994(1-4):134～136.
19 吕志诚,段国正等.大兴安岭地区银矿床类型、成矿系列及成矿地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报. 2000,19(4)306～308.
20 刘伟.岩浆流体在热液矿床形成中的作用[J].地学前缘. 2001,9,8(3):207～208.
21 王静纯、陈民扬等.中国银矿床的时空分布[J].华北地质矿产杂志. 1994,9(1):113～115.
22 J.W. Hedenquist, J.B. Lowenstern. The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits[J]. Nature,1994, 370(18):519～527.
23 A.Bolorunduro, D.B. Dreisinger, G. Van Weert. Zinc and silver recoveries from zinc –lead –iron complex sulphides by pressure oxidation. Minerals Engineering[J]. 2003(16):375～389.
24 卢焕章,王卿铎等译.流体包裹体(上,下)[M].中南工业大学出版社.1985 年:105,278.
25 卢焕章,李秉伦等.包裹体地球化学[M].地质出版社.1990 年:153、222～230,232.
26 刘铁庚,叶霖.银矿与萤石[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报.2000,19(4):300~302.
27 陈远光,孙岱生.成因矿物学与找矿矿物学[M].重庆出版社.1987 年:461, 597, 752.
28 刘斌,沈昆.流体包裹体热力学[M].地质出版社.1999 年:160～185.
29 南京大学地质系矿物岩石教研室编.火成岩岩石学[M].地质出版社.1980 年.189~193.
30 穆克敏,常丽华,梁万通等.透明矿物薄片鉴定(长春地质学院内部资料).1988 年.
31 尚浚主编.矿相学[M].地质出版社.1982 年.
2 李鹤年,段国正等.中国大兴安岭银矿床[M].吉林科学技术出版社.1994年:31,43.
3 内蒙古第九地质矿产勘查开发院.内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗拜仁达坝银多金属矿普查设计(内部资料).2004 年.
4 曾庆丰.论热液成矿条件.科学出版社.1986 年.56.
5 季克俭,王立本等.热液源研究的重要进展和“三源”交代热液成矿学说[J].地学前缘.1994,19(3—4):130.
6 王登红.非平衡热液成矿的探讨.矿物岩石地球化学通报[J].1995(2):130～131.
7 袁见齐,朱上庆等.矿床学[M].地质出版社.1985 年:312～322.
8 卢焕章.成矿流体[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1997 年:250.
9 向伟东,胡绍康等.大兴安岭西坡及邻区银铅锌矿床成矿作用若干问题的讨论.铀矿地质. 1998, 14(6):350.
10 连长云.大兴安岭西坡中生代火山岩形成机制[J].地质地球化学. 2000,8(2):26.
11 解成波,刘明.查干布拉根银铅锌(金)矿床地质特征及成因类型[J].世界地质. 2001,20(1):25,28.
12 张建,莫吉勋.论宁镇地区层断热液型铅锌矿床[J].江苏地质.21(3),1997年:147～151.
13 赵一鸣,王大畏等.内蒙古东南部铜多金属成矿地质条件及找矿模式[M].地震出版社.1994 年: 56,88,141.
14 盛继福,傅先政.大兴安岭中段成矿环境与铜多金属矿床地质特征.地震出版社.1999 年:36～38,88,125～143,183.
15 戴自希. 世界银矿资源潜力和可供性研究[M]. 北京. 地震出版社. 2002 年2 月:167.
16 张德全,赵一鸣,徐志刚,张家萌等编.大兴安岭及邻区铜多金属矿床 论文集[M].地震出版社.1993 年:28～40,47,63～6579～85.
17 李朝阳等.有关银矿床研究中几个问题的讨论[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报. 2000,19(4):222.
18 张理刚,陈振胜等.内蒙古额仁陶勒盖银矿水—岩相互作用及矿石沉淀氢氧同位素研究[J].地球学报.1994(1-4):134～136.
19 吕志诚,段国正等.大兴安岭地区银矿床类型、成矿系列及成矿地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报. 2000,19(4)306～308.
20 刘伟.岩浆流体在热液矿床形成中的作用[J].地学前缘. 2001,9,8(3):207～208.
21 王静纯、陈民扬等.中国银矿床的时空分布[J].华北地质矿产杂志. 1994,9(1):113～115.
22 J.W. Hedenquist, J.B. Lowenstern. The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits[J]. Nature,1994, 370(18):519～527.
23 A.Bolorunduro, D.B. Dreisinger, G. Van Weert. Zinc and silver recoveries from zinc –lead –iron complex sulphides by pressure oxidation. Minerals Engineering[J]. 2003(16):375～389.
24 卢焕章,王卿铎等译.流体包裹体(上,下)[M].中南工业大学出版社.1985 年:105,278.
25 卢焕章,李秉伦等.包裹体地球化学[M].地质出版社.1990 年:153、222～230,232.
26 刘铁庚,叶霖.银矿与萤石[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报.2000,19(4):300~302.
27 陈远光,孙岱生.成因矿物学与找矿矿物学[M].重庆出版社.1987 年:461, 597, 752.
28 刘斌,沈昆.流体包裹体热力学[M].地质出版社.1999 年:160～185.
29 南京大学地质系矿物岩石教研室编.火成岩岩石学[M].地质出版社.1980 年.189~193.
30 穆克敏,常丽华,梁万通等.透明矿物薄片鉴定(长春地质学院内部资料).1988 年.
31 尚浚主编.矿相学[M].地质出版社.1982 年.