综合信息矿产预测系统在内蒙古大兴安岭东南部多金属矿床密集区预测应用研究
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摘要
本文以“综合信息矿产预测理论与方法体系”为成矿预测的研究理论基础和指导思想,以自主开发研制的“综合信息矿产预测系统”为预测工具,在内蒙古大兴安岭东南部地区开展1:20万金、铜、铅、锌、银多金属矿床密集区综合预测应用研究。
在方法上开展以矿床密集区为模型单元,异常密集区为预测单元,从地质演化角度研究地质、物探、化探和遥感信息之间的关联,按系统论思想建立综合信息找矿模型,开展对矿产资源体的预测评价;并采用“矿化系列”概念进行区域多矿种成矿系列的综合信息矿产预测。在预测手段上采用具有智能化特点的预测系统,全方位、全过程应用GIS技术完成综合预测研究,从解译建立空间信息库和图库,建立找矿模型和预测模型,定位、定量评价靶区,都体现了综合预测应用信息化技术的优越性。
研究区综合预测评价出大、中型矿床综合重点靶区11个;一级靶区:金5个、铅12个、锌13个、银12个、铜15个;1:5万重点选区6处;重力解译发现一条几乎贯穿全区的北西向控矿深大断裂。
With the theory and methodology of the Prediction System of Comprehensive Information Mineral Resources (the second prize of National Sci-Tech Progress) as the theoretical basis for the research and as the guidance, and with the self-developed Prediction System of Comprehensive Information Mineral Resources (KCYC) as the tool, an applied study on the synthetic prediction of 1/200000 scale in gold-copper-lead-zinc-silver polymetallic deposits concentration region was carried out at the Southeast Section of Daxinganling Mountains in Inner-Mongolia. The purposes are as follows:
1. In order to locate and forecast large and medium-sized comprehesive deposit concentration region with the prediction system of comprehensive information mineral resources, the work has been done on mapping the important metallogenic region of 1/200000 scale of geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing comprehensively about geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing. And then the spatial database has been established.
2. The interpretation database and the map base were constructed by every single discipline by means of GIS technique. The information of prospecting in geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing was studied comprehensively, and metallogenic factors were analyzed. As a result, metallogenic laws were summarized and the comprehensive information prospecting model and the comprehensive information prediction model of gold-copper-lead-zinc-silver polymetallic deposits concentration region were established.
3. With the deposit concentration region as a model unit, and with the anomalous concentration region as a forecasting unit, the location and quantitative prediction and assessment of the metallogenic target region were carried out in order to provide scientific basis for the arrangement of mineral resources prospecting, and provide region selecting references for a breakthrough in prospecting.
I. Applied Achievements of Research
Based on the establishment of comprehensive interpretation spatial database and the map base of geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing by utilizing the prediction system of the comprehensive information mineral resources in the study zone, a comprehensive information prospecting model and a forecasting model of comprehensive prospecting were established. The location and quantitative assessment was carried out in the target region of gold-copper-lead-zinc-silver mineral resources concentration region wholly with computers. The following is the production of the applied research:
1. Circling and evaluating 11 important comprehensive target regions of gold-copper-lead-zinc-silver polymetals in the range of the study region among which three are the known target regions of large and medium-sized deposits, two are the important target regions which are newly discovered and have been confirmed, and six are the important comprehensive target regions of large and medium-sized deposits, which need to be verified further.
2. In the 291 comprehensively-circled target regions, 5 for gold, 12 for lead, 13 for zinc, 12 for silver and 15 for copper as the first-class target regions were evaluated. The correct location and the range were circled for resource prospecting and exploration of a single mineral. The overlapping region, which is different from the target region, will be the important parts for the discovery of multi-mineral deposits.
3. Comprehensively circling six 1/5 0000 scale target regions.
4. By gravitational interpretation, a new north-west extending deep fracture of controlling ores has been discovered from Haertuchulu in the east-south of the survey region to Wulanhada which nearly runs through the whole municipality. This has deepened the analysis knowledge of the rule of mineralization and the metallogenic factors in the researched mineralization belt, and it also provided a scientific reference for further geologic research in the region.
5. The controlling ore relationship between stratum, structure and magma rock in the region was comprehensively interpreted and found out through the study of comprehensive information. Permian is the main controlling ore stratum. The magma rock which is north-east and north-north-east extended, especially the acidic rock of the Cretaceous, Permian and Jurassic period controlling ore is obvious. Through the interpretation of geochemistry, the anomalous aggregate types of forecasting the deposit concentration regions and the anomalous deposit concentration regions were divided, which is the important basis for circling, and setting up prospecting models by comprehensive information. By interpretation of gravitation, the part of the bottom is proven to be the part full of minerals. The cross place of the north-east and north-west structure and the cross place of the north-east and east-west structure are the polymetallic deposits concentration regions of silver, lead, zinc, copper and gold.
6. There are as many as 1300 documents to set up the comprehensively-spatial database and the map base of geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing with applied modern methodology and GIS evaluation technique to predict mineral resources. It not only makes the expression of metallogic predicting process and results solid and visible but also makes it possible to comprehensively use and scientifically manage geological data in large amounts.
The experts of project evaluation think that the results of comprehensive prediction consist with practice, and suggest that larger scale comprehensive information prediction should be carried out.
II. Initiatives of the Comprehensive Prediction Theory and Methodology
Under the leadership of Wang Shicheng, the Research Institute of Comprehensive Information Mineral Prediction in Jilin University committed themselves chronically to the research of mineralization prediction with a comprehensive information method to guide the prospecting of minerals and exploration. By combining geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing information with technology of computers, they found a set of mineral prediction system of thinking and methodology—"The System of the Theory and Method of Mineral Resource Prediction of Synthetic information". The main initiatives include:
1. Guided by the mineralization theory and the theory of mathematical geology, with the geology body as the unit, from the perspective of geological evolution, we studied the relationship of geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing information; set up a comprehensive information mineral searching model according to systematic thinking, and carried out the location and quantitative evaluation of the mineral resource body.
2. We have put forward the concept of "mineralizing series", summarized the characteristics of "mineralizing series" with the research of typical mineralizing series as the foundation according to the typical characteristics of different mineralizing series, and carried out the prediction of comprehensive information mineral resources of multi-mineral mineralizing series in the region with the application of the concept of "mineralizing series".
3. We summed up the rule of the distribution of large (super-large) and medium (small) scale mineral deposits as "Cranes stand in chicken's flock", and put forward a new way of prospecting of large and super large mineral deposits, i.e. predicting the "flock of chicken" first and then finding out the "cranes" from the "flock of chicken". This principle is a new development in theory, and it has already shown its effects in prospecting of minerals. This thinking of prediction has broadened the way of mineral deposit prediction and it has the significance of guidance to prospect other minerals.
4. A new forecasting line of thoughts has been put forward with the deposit concentration region as the model unit, and with the anomalistic region as the forecasting unit. This solved the problem of unit partition in the prediction of large and super-large mineral deposits. By setting up a integrated information prospecting model in the concentration region of deposits and by analysis of comprehensive information metallogenic factors, many conclusions have been reached which are useful in the study of large and super-large deposit theories. A quantitative standard has been constructed to describe the enlargement and enrichment of mineral deposits. By establishing concept model, logic model, mathematical and physical model, the prediction of mineral resources with synthetic information is now on a new way of semi-quantification, quantification, intelligentization and semi- automatization.
III. Initiatives of the Prediction System of Comprehensive Information Mineral Resources
The Prediction System of Comprehensive Information Mineral Resources (KCYC) developed in this paper based on GIS has the following characteristics:
1. Combination with ES, the GIS is intelligentized.
In the process of geological information integration from multi-sources, with the combination of GIS and ES techniques, the system can carry out the operation of numerical value and the spatial analysis automatically, and can automatically form the spatial database and the map base of the corresponding results of interpretation.
For example, in the sub-system of geophysics and geochemistry, based on the knowledge of expert experience, the system can create hundreds of graphics files and form the corresponding attribute base automatically, such as the structure strike and dip by geophysics interpretation, and the degree of unconventionality and combination of elements by chemical interpretation.
2. The system can pick up the data and knowledge from the digital geological map.
With the digital geological map with attribute base provided by the user, through the user's prospecting model or KCYC related model, the system can carry out a correlation analysis to the data of the map, pick up the indicated prospecting information with implicit geological rules, and establish a knowledge base of geological prospecting modal.
3. Automatic transformation between spatial data and geological variables.
Geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing information form an integration of the spatial data base, but the metallogenic prediction utilizes geologic statistical variables. The system can transform the information from various sources in the spatial data base into multi-variable geologic statistics. After the multi-variable statistical analysis, the resulted non-spatial data can be put back to the corresponding spatial position, and transformed into spatial data.
4. The whole process of metallogenic prognosis can be fulfilled by computers.
If the user only has general geological mineral predictive knowledge, you can complete a series of flow of prediction of mineral resources of synthetic information, by a helping menu, to achieve the goal of metallogenic prognosis. If a user is an expert of prospecting, he has methods and models of prospecting himself. The user can chose different functions of the menu and the spatial analysis method to accomplish his own goal of metallogenic prognosis.
IV. Significance and Importance of the Research
Along with the industrialization and modernization in China, the demand for mineral resources has increased dramatically. The shortage of mineral resources has become an urgent topic for the government to discuss. The central government of China and the State Department show great concern to the problem of mineral resources. And all kinds of measures are being taken to reinforce the prospecting of mineral deposits, to increase the discovered stock of mineral deposits, and to improve the state of supply of mineral resources in the development of national economy. The evaluation of mineral resources prediction is a preparation for mineral resources prospecting, and its result provides scientific basis for the arrangement of mineral resources prospecting. The goal is to improve the efficiency of prospecting, speed up the process of prospecting, and make an effort to change the present state of insufficient supporting base for prospecting minerals.
In the past five decades, there was a huge accumulation of data and information relating to geology, minerals, physical exploration (nation-wide magnetism and gravitation), geochemistry (39 geochemical elements of 1/20 scale), and remote sensing image in China. The standard basic data base has been established at different levels from 1/50000 to 1/500000 scales, and large amounts of image data and multi-layer image data of attribute bases are included. But these data and information have been used only partially in some minerogenetic regions (belt) and very few mineral regions (fields) for system processing or minerogenetic information picking, and for prospecting and prediction of minerals. The expansion of the comprehensive research in the whole nation and the development and utilization of this particular resource will provide a solid foundation for the national government in macro decision-making at present. It is also urgent affairs for the national strategic overall arrangement.
With the theory and the method of the comprehensive information mineral resources prediction as the guiding principle, and with the prediction system of comprehensive information mineral resources as the prediction instrument, the GIS techniques can be used in the whole process of mineral prediction. Through the data processing of multi-variables in geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing and the intelligent interpretation by the prediction system, the accumulated basic geological data can be transformed into fruit of mineral predictions by the help of information techniques. This can provide scientific basis for the arrangement of mineral resources prospecting, and it can also provide region selecting references for a breakthrough in prospecting.
Therefore, the result of this research has its importance and potential influence not only on the geological exploration, the arrangement, layout and adjustment of mineral economy in Inner-Mongolia, but also has its significance in further utilization all over the country, in the arrangement of mineral exploration of the nation, in the breakthrough of prospecting, in the development of geological mineralization theories, and in the innovation of mineral prediction techniques.
在方法上开展以矿床密集区为模型单元,异常密集区为预测单元,从地质演化角度研究地质、物探、化探和遥感信息之间的关联,按系统论思想建立综合信息找矿模型,开展对矿产资源体的预测评价;并采用“矿化系列”概念进行区域多矿种成矿系列的综合信息矿产预测。在预测手段上采用具有智能化特点的预测系统,全方位、全过程应用GIS技术完成综合预测研究,从解译建立空间信息库和图库,建立找矿模型和预测模型,定位、定量评价靶区,都体现了综合预测应用信息化技术的优越性。
研究区综合预测评价出大、中型矿床综合重点靶区11个;一级靶区:金5个、铅12个、锌13个、银12个、铜15个;1:5万重点选区6处;重力解译发现一条几乎贯穿全区的北西向控矿深大断裂。
With the theory and methodology of the Prediction System of Comprehensive Information Mineral Resources (the second prize of National Sci-Tech Progress) as the theoretical basis for the research and as the guidance, and with the self-developed Prediction System of Comprehensive Information Mineral Resources (KCYC) as the tool, an applied study on the synthetic prediction of 1/200000 scale in gold-copper-lead-zinc-silver polymetallic deposits concentration region was carried out at the Southeast Section of Daxinganling Mountains in Inner-Mongolia. The purposes are as follows:
1. In order to locate and forecast large and medium-sized comprehesive deposit concentration region with the prediction system of comprehensive information mineral resources, the work has been done on mapping the important metallogenic region of 1/200000 scale of geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing comprehensively about geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing. And then the spatial database has been established.
2. The interpretation database and the map base were constructed by every single discipline by means of GIS technique. The information of prospecting in geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing was studied comprehensively, and metallogenic factors were analyzed. As a result, metallogenic laws were summarized and the comprehensive information prospecting model and the comprehensive information prediction model of gold-copper-lead-zinc-silver polymetallic deposits concentration region were established.
3. With the deposit concentration region as a model unit, and with the anomalous concentration region as a forecasting unit, the location and quantitative prediction and assessment of the metallogenic target region were carried out in order to provide scientific basis for the arrangement of mineral resources prospecting, and provide region selecting references for a breakthrough in prospecting.
I. Applied Achievements of Research
Based on the establishment of comprehensive interpretation spatial database and the map base of geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing by utilizing the prediction system of the comprehensive information mineral resources in the study zone, a comprehensive information prospecting model and a forecasting model of comprehensive prospecting were established. The location and quantitative assessment was carried out in the target region of gold-copper-lead-zinc-silver mineral resources concentration region wholly with computers. The following is the production of the applied research:
1. Circling and evaluating 11 important comprehensive target regions of gold-copper-lead-zinc-silver polymetals in the range of the study region among which three are the known target regions of large and medium-sized deposits, two are the important target regions which are newly discovered and have been confirmed, and six are the important comprehensive target regions of large and medium-sized deposits, which need to be verified further.
2. In the 291 comprehensively-circled target regions, 5 for gold, 12 for lead, 13 for zinc, 12 for silver and 15 for copper as the first-class target regions were evaluated. The correct location and the range were circled for resource prospecting and exploration of a single mineral. The overlapping region, which is different from the target region, will be the important parts for the discovery of multi-mineral deposits.
3. Comprehensively circling six 1/5 0000 scale target regions.
4. By gravitational interpretation, a new north-west extending deep fracture of controlling ores has been discovered from Haertuchulu in the east-south of the survey region to Wulanhada which nearly runs through the whole municipality. This has deepened the analysis knowledge of the rule of mineralization and the metallogenic factors in the researched mineralization belt, and it also provided a scientific reference for further geologic research in the region.
5. The controlling ore relationship between stratum, structure and magma rock in the region was comprehensively interpreted and found out through the study of comprehensive information. Permian is the main controlling ore stratum. The magma rock which is north-east and north-north-east extended, especially the acidic rock of the Cretaceous, Permian and Jurassic period controlling ore is obvious. Through the interpretation of geochemistry, the anomalous aggregate types of forecasting the deposit concentration regions and the anomalous deposit concentration regions were divided, which is the important basis for circling, and setting up prospecting models by comprehensive information. By interpretation of gravitation, the part of the bottom is proven to be the part full of minerals. The cross place of the north-east and north-west structure and the cross place of the north-east and east-west structure are the polymetallic deposits concentration regions of silver, lead, zinc, copper and gold.
6. There are as many as 1300 documents to set up the comprehensively-spatial database and the map base of geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing with applied modern methodology and GIS evaluation technique to predict mineral resources. It not only makes the expression of metallogic predicting process and results solid and visible but also makes it possible to comprehensively use and scientifically manage geological data in large amounts.
The experts of project evaluation think that the results of comprehensive prediction consist with practice, and suggest that larger scale comprehensive information prediction should be carried out.
II. Initiatives of the Comprehensive Prediction Theory and Methodology
Under the leadership of Wang Shicheng, the Research Institute of Comprehensive Information Mineral Prediction in Jilin University committed themselves chronically to the research of mineralization prediction with a comprehensive information method to guide the prospecting of minerals and exploration. By combining geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing information with technology of computers, they found a set of mineral prediction system of thinking and methodology—"The System of the Theory and Method of Mineral Resource Prediction of Synthetic information". The main initiatives include:
1. Guided by the mineralization theory and the theory of mathematical geology, with the geology body as the unit, from the perspective of geological evolution, we studied the relationship of geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing information; set up a comprehensive information mineral searching model according to systematic thinking, and carried out the location and quantitative evaluation of the mineral resource body.
2. We have put forward the concept of "mineralizing series", summarized the characteristics of "mineralizing series" with the research of typical mineralizing series as the foundation according to the typical characteristics of different mineralizing series, and carried out the prediction of comprehensive information mineral resources of multi-mineral mineralizing series in the region with the application of the concept of "mineralizing series".
3. We summed up the rule of the distribution of large (super-large) and medium (small) scale mineral deposits as "Cranes stand in chicken's flock", and put forward a new way of prospecting of large and super large mineral deposits, i.e. predicting the "flock of chicken" first and then finding out the "cranes" from the "flock of chicken". This principle is a new development in theory, and it has already shown its effects in prospecting of minerals. This thinking of prediction has broadened the way of mineral deposit prediction and it has the significance of guidance to prospect other minerals.
4. A new forecasting line of thoughts has been put forward with the deposit concentration region as the model unit, and with the anomalistic region as the forecasting unit. This solved the problem of unit partition in the prediction of large and super-large mineral deposits. By setting up a integrated information prospecting model in the concentration region of deposits and by analysis of comprehensive information metallogenic factors, many conclusions have been reached which are useful in the study of large and super-large deposit theories. A quantitative standard has been constructed to describe the enlargement and enrichment of mineral deposits. By establishing concept model, logic model, mathematical and physical model, the prediction of mineral resources with synthetic information is now on a new way of semi-quantification, quantification, intelligentization and semi- automatization.
III. Initiatives of the Prediction System of Comprehensive Information Mineral Resources
The Prediction System of Comprehensive Information Mineral Resources (KCYC) developed in this paper based on GIS has the following characteristics:
1. Combination with ES, the GIS is intelligentized.
In the process of geological information integration from multi-sources, with the combination of GIS and ES techniques, the system can carry out the operation of numerical value and the spatial analysis automatically, and can automatically form the spatial database and the map base of the corresponding results of interpretation.
For example, in the sub-system of geophysics and geochemistry, based on the knowledge of expert experience, the system can create hundreds of graphics files and form the corresponding attribute base automatically, such as the structure strike and dip by geophysics interpretation, and the degree of unconventionality and combination of elements by chemical interpretation.
2. The system can pick up the data and knowledge from the digital geological map.
With the digital geological map with attribute base provided by the user, through the user's prospecting model or KCYC related model, the system can carry out a correlation analysis to the data of the map, pick up the indicated prospecting information with implicit geological rules, and establish a knowledge base of geological prospecting modal.
3. Automatic transformation between spatial data and geological variables.
Geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing information form an integration of the spatial data base, but the metallogenic prediction utilizes geologic statistical variables. The system can transform the information from various sources in the spatial data base into multi-variable geologic statistics. After the multi-variable statistical analysis, the resulted non-spatial data can be put back to the corresponding spatial position, and transformed into spatial data.
4. The whole process of metallogenic prognosis can be fulfilled by computers.
If the user only has general geological mineral predictive knowledge, you can complete a series of flow of prediction of mineral resources of synthetic information, by a helping menu, to achieve the goal of metallogenic prognosis. If a user is an expert of prospecting, he has methods and models of prospecting himself. The user can chose different functions of the menu and the spatial analysis method to accomplish his own goal of metallogenic prognosis.
IV. Significance and Importance of the Research
Along with the industrialization and modernization in China, the demand for mineral resources has increased dramatically. The shortage of mineral resources has become an urgent topic for the government to discuss. The central government of China and the State Department show great concern to the problem of mineral resources. And all kinds of measures are being taken to reinforce the prospecting of mineral deposits, to increase the discovered stock of mineral deposits, and to improve the state of supply of mineral resources in the development of national economy. The evaluation of mineral resources prediction is a preparation for mineral resources prospecting, and its result provides scientific basis for the arrangement of mineral resources prospecting. The goal is to improve the efficiency of prospecting, speed up the process of prospecting, and make an effort to change the present state of insufficient supporting base for prospecting minerals.
In the past five decades, there was a huge accumulation of data and information relating to geology, minerals, physical exploration (nation-wide magnetism and gravitation), geochemistry (39 geochemical elements of 1/20 scale), and remote sensing image in China. The standard basic data base has been established at different levels from 1/50000 to 1/500000 scales, and large amounts of image data and multi-layer image data of attribute bases are included. But these data and information have been used only partially in some minerogenetic regions (belt) and very few mineral regions (fields) for system processing or minerogenetic information picking, and for prospecting and prediction of minerals. The expansion of the comprehensive research in the whole nation and the development and utilization of this particular resource will provide a solid foundation for the national government in macro decision-making at present. It is also urgent affairs for the national strategic overall arrangement.
With the theory and the method of the comprehensive information mineral resources prediction as the guiding principle, and with the prediction system of comprehensive information mineral resources as the prediction instrument, the GIS techniques can be used in the whole process of mineral prediction. Through the data processing of multi-variables in geology, physical exploration, geochemical exploration and remote sensing and the intelligent interpretation by the prediction system, the accumulated basic geological data can be transformed into fruit of mineral predictions by the help of information techniques. This can provide scientific basis for the arrangement of mineral resources prospecting, and it can also provide region selecting references for a breakthrough in prospecting.
Therefore, the result of this research has its importance and potential influence not only on the geological exploration, the arrangement, layout and adjustment of mineral economy in Inner-Mongolia, but also has its significance in further utilization all over the country, in the arrangement of mineral exploration of the nation, in the breakthrough of prospecting, in the development of geological mineralization theories, and in the innovation of mineral prediction techniques.
引文
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