合成气稀释旋流扩散火焰燃烧特性研究
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摘要
整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)通过气化炉、燃气轮机、余热锅炉等共同作用,能够同时满足高效和低污染的要求,被认为是未来能源清洁高效利用重要的发展方向。
合成气(syngas)在燃气轮机中的燃烧是IGCC中向外输出功的重要中间过程,出于安全和低污染的考虑,合成气稀释旋流扩散燃烧是燃气轮机中重要的燃烧方式,但目前这方面的应用基础研究还相当缺乏。
本文的研究主要是围绕着应用于合成气燃气轮机中的旋流扩散火焰的燃烧特性而展开。通过对火焰形态、温度、混合特性及OH自由基浓度场的了解来分析燃烧的特性。研究方法上,混合特性通过激光可视化方法(LSV)来实现,OH自由基的特征通过平面激光诱导荧光方法(PLIF)来实现。
实验方法上,首先对旋流扩散的混合特性进行了实验和分析,采用混合数来描述混合特性;然后对合成气旋流稀释扩散燃烧特性开展了研究;最后通过数值模拟方法分析和预测了难以通过实验了解的工况下的合成气旋流燃烧特性。
结果表明,通过定义的混合数来描述燃料和空气的混合情况,能够说明燃料和空气的混合特性,而且这种表示方面弥补了动量比不能够区分相同速度下的混合特征和其数值的大小不能区分混合好坏的缺陷。
在旋流扩散燃烧的稳定性方面,它至少受旋流产生的回流区和扩散混合两方面的因素控制,加强回流和加强混合都有利于燃烧稳定。旋流数较大时,燃料和空气同向旋流和反向旋流相比,它的总回流量较大,能够向回流区卷吸更多的活性自由基和热量,从而有利于燃烧稳定。当两者旋流数比较小时,混合对燃烧的稳定性会产生重要的影响,空气和燃料的反向旋流由于混合较为强烈从而稳定性比空气和燃料同向旋流时要好。
通过对PLIF测量的OH自由基图像的分析,解释了小旋流数下容易发生熄火是由于混合较差,火焰面较薄,不连续的火焰面增多。小旋流数会导致该区域的温度值降低及OH自由基的量降低,并进一步容易诱发不稳定燃烧。
本文主要从燃烧稳定性的角度考虑分析了几何结构对合成气旋流扩散火焰燃烧的影响,在所研究的范围内优选了燃料和空气旋向相反、空气旋流数为1、燃料旋流数为0.73、燃料通道径向倾角为40°、扩张段扩张半角为35°、扩张段高度为0.5～0.66D的结构。
对碳氢比研究中,在碳氢比0.22～4.6的范围内,碳氢比的变化对合成气火焰高度的影响不明显。
不同热值合成气的实验中,随着热值的进一步降低,燃烧稳定性变差,最终会导致燃烧熄火现象的发生。
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is considered an important clear coal technology in the future energy technologies for it can meet the need of high efficiency and low pollution emission requirement.
The syngas combustion in gas turbine of the IGCC system is a main middle process for power output. For the sake of safe and low emission, the diluted non-premixed swirl combustion is the important combustion method, but there is a little fundamental research for the engineering technology.
The research presented in this report focuses on the syngas diluted non-premixed swirl flame combustion characteristics, which can be understood by analyzing the flame structure, temperature, the character of mixing and the concentration distributions of the OH radical. The laser sheet visualization (LSV) was adopted to obtain the mixing character and the plane laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) was adopted to obtain the OH radical concentration distributions.
In this report, the mixing characteristics was firstly studied by the experiment and was described by the mixture number, then the combustion characteristics of the diluted non-premixed swirl flame was studied, lastly the combustion characteristics of some work conditions, which is difficult know by the experimental methods, was analyzed and forecasted by the numerical simulation. The main conclusions of this report are as follows:
The defined mixture number can be used to describe the mixture characteristics. This method makes up the limitation of the previous method of momentum ratio who can not distinguish the mixture characteristics of the same scalar velocity value and the momentum ratio value can not distinguish the quality of the mixture.
The recirculation zone and the mixture are two factors influencing the swirl non-premixed flame combustion stability. The enhancement the re-circulation and the mixture will be favorable for more stable combustion. Large swirl number of fuel or air is favorable for the mixing and combustion. When the swirl number is large, co swirl for fuel and air is favorable to combustion than counter swirl because more high temperature and radical are reflowed. When the swirl number is small, the mixing of the fuel and air will have significant effect on the stability of combustion. So the counter swirl flame is more stable than the co swirl flame.
The analysis of the OH radical image showed that the quenching at small swirl number is due to the weak mixing, thus result to the flame sheet be thin and bring more discontinuousness flamelet. The small swirl number will result in low temperature and low OH radical concentration distributions at the exit zone of the quarl and induce the unstable combustion.
In this report, on the syngas diluted swirl non-premixed flame, we analyze the influence of geometry mainly from the combustion stability characteristics. Counter swirl of air and fuel, air swirl number 1, fuel swirl number 0.73, fuel channel radial angle 40°, quarl divergent half angle 35°and height of quarl 0.5～0.66D is the priorities considered.
When the ratio of C: H was in the range of 0.22 to 4.6, there is no distinct influence on the flame high with the change of the ratio.
For the different heat value experiment, as the heat value decrease, the combustion stability deteriorates and the quenching will occurs at last.
合成气(syngas)在燃气轮机中的燃烧是IGCC中向外输出功的重要中间过程,出于安全和低污染的考虑,合成气稀释旋流扩散燃烧是燃气轮机中重要的燃烧方式,但目前这方面的应用基础研究还相当缺乏。
本文的研究主要是围绕着应用于合成气燃气轮机中的旋流扩散火焰的燃烧特性而展开。通过对火焰形态、温度、混合特性及OH自由基浓度场的了解来分析燃烧的特性。研究方法上,混合特性通过激光可视化方法(LSV)来实现,OH自由基的特征通过平面激光诱导荧光方法(PLIF)来实现。
实验方法上,首先对旋流扩散的混合特性进行了实验和分析,采用混合数来描述混合特性;然后对合成气旋流稀释扩散燃烧特性开展了研究;最后通过数值模拟方法分析和预测了难以通过实验了解的工况下的合成气旋流燃烧特性。
结果表明,通过定义的混合数来描述燃料和空气的混合情况,能够说明燃料和空气的混合特性,而且这种表示方面弥补了动量比不能够区分相同速度下的混合特征和其数值的大小不能区分混合好坏的缺陷。
在旋流扩散燃烧的稳定性方面,它至少受旋流产生的回流区和扩散混合两方面的因素控制,加强回流和加强混合都有利于燃烧稳定。旋流数较大时,燃料和空气同向旋流和反向旋流相比,它的总回流量较大,能够向回流区卷吸更多的活性自由基和热量,从而有利于燃烧稳定。当两者旋流数比较小时,混合对燃烧的稳定性会产生重要的影响,空气和燃料的反向旋流由于混合较为强烈从而稳定性比空气和燃料同向旋流时要好。
通过对PLIF测量的OH自由基图像的分析,解释了小旋流数下容易发生熄火是由于混合较差,火焰面较薄,不连续的火焰面增多。小旋流数会导致该区域的温度值降低及OH自由基的量降低,并进一步容易诱发不稳定燃烧。
本文主要从燃烧稳定性的角度考虑分析了几何结构对合成气旋流扩散火焰燃烧的影响,在所研究的范围内优选了燃料和空气旋向相反、空气旋流数为1、燃料旋流数为0.73、燃料通道径向倾角为40°、扩张段扩张半角为35°、扩张段高度为0.5～0.66D的结构。
对碳氢比研究中,在碳氢比0.22～4.6的范围内,碳氢比的变化对合成气火焰高度的影响不明显。
不同热值合成气的实验中,随着热值的进一步降低,燃烧稳定性变差,最终会导致燃烧熄火现象的发生。
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is considered an important clear coal technology in the future energy technologies for it can meet the need of high efficiency and low pollution emission requirement.
The syngas combustion in gas turbine of the IGCC system is a main middle process for power output. For the sake of safe and low emission, the diluted non-premixed swirl combustion is the important combustion method, but there is a little fundamental research for the engineering technology.
The research presented in this report focuses on the syngas diluted non-premixed swirl flame combustion characteristics, which can be understood by analyzing the flame structure, temperature, the character of mixing and the concentration distributions of the OH radical. The laser sheet visualization (LSV) was adopted to obtain the mixing character and the plane laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) was adopted to obtain the OH radical concentration distributions.
In this report, the mixing characteristics was firstly studied by the experiment and was described by the mixture number, then the combustion characteristics of the diluted non-premixed swirl flame was studied, lastly the combustion characteristics of some work conditions, which is difficult know by the experimental methods, was analyzed and forecasted by the numerical simulation. The main conclusions of this report are as follows:
The defined mixture number can be used to describe the mixture characteristics. This method makes up the limitation of the previous method of momentum ratio who can not distinguish the mixture characteristics of the same scalar velocity value and the momentum ratio value can not distinguish the quality of the mixture.
The recirculation zone and the mixture are two factors influencing the swirl non-premixed flame combustion stability. The enhancement the re-circulation and the mixture will be favorable for more stable combustion. Large swirl number of fuel or air is favorable for the mixing and combustion. When the swirl number is large, co swirl for fuel and air is favorable to combustion than counter swirl because more high temperature and radical are reflowed. When the swirl number is small, the mixing of the fuel and air will have significant effect on the stability of combustion. So the counter swirl flame is more stable than the co swirl flame.
The analysis of the OH radical image showed that the quenching at small swirl number is due to the weak mixing, thus result to the flame sheet be thin and bring more discontinuousness flamelet. The small swirl number will result in low temperature and low OH radical concentration distributions at the exit zone of the quarl and induce the unstable combustion.
In this report, on the syngas diluted swirl non-premixed flame, we analyze the influence of geometry mainly from the combustion stability characteristics. Counter swirl of air and fuel, air swirl number 1, fuel swirl number 0.73, fuel channel radial angle 40°, quarl divergent half angle 35°and height of quarl 0.5～0.66D is the priorities considered.
When the ratio of C: H was in the range of 0.22 to 4.6, there is no distinct influence on the flame high with the change of the ratio.
For the different heat value experiment, as the heat value decrease, the combustion stability deteriorates and the quenching will occurs at last.
引文
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