大麦TILLING群体的构建及其在抗病基因研究中的应用
摘要
定向诱导基因组局部突变技术(Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genomes,TILLING)是在化学诱变和PCR定向筛选基础上发展起来的检测点突变的反向遗传学研究方法,在多种重要农作物上都有应用。本研究以大麦品种‘Tamalpais’为基础材料经化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(Ethyl methane sulfonate,EMS)处理获得了大麦的TILLING突变群体,并同时开发了基于芹菜内切酶CEL I(Celery juice extract)的酶切筛选体系。通过筛选目的基因在该群体中的点突变个体,可进一步研究基因的功能。本研究针对大麦EDR1和NPR1进行突变体筛选,旨在初步揭示其在大麦水杨酸抗病途径中的作用。主要研究结果如下:
1.突变群体的构建。实验设置不同EMS浓度、处理时间及处理温度等预备实验,根据M1种子发芽率、出苗率和幼苗白化率等参数,发现0.3% (v/v) EMS、10h和25℃是构建大麦突变群体的合适条件。在此基础上,创建了大麦品种‘Tamalpais’的TILLING群体,包括2154个M_2株系,每4个株系DNA混合成池,共形成534个DNA池。
2.芹菜内切酶CEL I的提取。CEL I内切酶特异识别并切断错配碱基,是建立TILLING技术的关键组成。商业化CEL I价格昂贵,多数实验室选择独立制备。实验参照发表文献,成功地从山东省泰安当地种植的西芹中获得具有活性的CEL I酶粗提物。
3. CEL I酶切体系的优化。本实验建立了基于CEL I酶切和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的筛选体系。实验选用两个携带单碱基差异的质粒为模板,获得具有错配碱基的PCR产物,通过比较CEL I酶使用量、酶切时间、酶切温度和酶切缓冲液组成等因素对酶切效果的影响,确定合适的酶切体系。研究发现,使用适量的CEL I酶(不同制备需要独立优化),在1/10体积的酶切缓冲液(20 mM HEPES pH 7.5,10mM KCl和3mM MgCl2)中,45℃条件下酶切30min可获得理想的酶切效果。
4.水杨酸抗病途径相关基因的突变体筛选。EDR1(GenBank:AF305913)和NPR1(GenBank:ATU76707)是拟南芥水杨酸抗病信号通路相关的两个关键基因;大麦中存在EDR1和NPR1的同源基因(EDR1:AF305912;NPR1:AM050559);对公共数据库进行分析,分别获得了大麦同源基因的完整信息。利用两个同源基因设计PCR引物,并对本研究所创建的TILLING群体进行了筛选;结果共获得5个突变单株,其中EDR1基因突变体3个,NPR1基因突变体2个。序列分析表明,2个突变发生在内含子、1个NPR1基因的同义突变、2个EDR1基因的错义突变(His351Tyr和Pro556Ser)。
本研究创建了大麦品种‘Tamalpais’的TILLING筛选群体,并成功用于水杨酸信号通路相关基因EDR1和NPR1突变体的筛选。本研究搭建了开展大麦反向遗传学研究的资源和技术平台,为麦类作物功能基因组研究奠定了基础。
TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genomes) is a powerful reverse genetic tool widely used in many important crops. This study developed an EMS-based TILLING population on the barley genotype‘Tamalpais’and a CEL I - based screening system. The system was used to identify mutant alleles of the EDR1 and NPR1 genes that are potentially involved in the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. The barley TILLING population will be used as a powerful tool to study the functional genomics in Triticeae crops.
In detail, the study includes four sections.
1. The development of the barley TILLING population. Pilot experiments were carried out to optimize the EMS treatment according to the germination, survival and albino rates of the M1 seeds or seedlings. The ideal protocol was to shake barley seeds in 3% (v/v) EMS solution for 10 hours under 25℃. The protocol was used to develop 2154 M_2 lines on the barley genotype‘Tamalpais’. DNAs of every four M_2 lines were pooled together, and 534 DNA pools were created.
2. The purification of the CEL I restriction enzyme. The CEL I enzyme that nonspecifically cleaves the mismatch in DNA double strands is an important component of the TILLING screening system. Since the commercial CEL I is very expensive, many labs prefer to purify CEL I from Celery. In this study, active CEL I enzyme was successfully purified from the local growing celery in Tai’an, China.
3. The optimization of the TILLING screening system. Two DNA plasmids that contain only one single nucleotide polymorephism were used as the PCR template. The CEL I - based cleavage and the PAGE-based detection of the DNA mismatch were employed to develop the TILLING system. Factors of CEL I amount, digestion time and tempature, and the cleavage buffer were considered during the optimization process. The CEL I enzyme effectively cut the mismatch DNA after 30-min incubation in a 0.1×cleavage buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10mM KCl and 3mM MgCl2) under 45℃.
4. The identification of gene mutantions related to the SA pathway. EDR1 (GenBank: AF305913) and NPR1 (ATU76707) are two crucial genes related to the SA pathway in Arabidopsis. Orthologs of barley EDR1 (AF305912) and NPR1 (AM050559) were identified. Corresponding mutants were obtained in the current TILLING population. Five mutations were discovered, three for EDR1 and two of NPR1. Two mutations occurred in the intron region; the rest three mutations included one silent mutation of the NPR1 gene and two missense mutations (His351Tyr and Pro556Ser) in the EDR1 gene.
1.突变群体的构建。实验设置不同EMS浓度、处理时间及处理温度等预备实验,根据M1种子发芽率、出苗率和幼苗白化率等参数,发现0.3% (v/v) EMS、10h和25℃是构建大麦突变群体的合适条件。在此基础上,创建了大麦品种‘Tamalpais’的TILLING群体,包括2154个M_2株系,每4个株系DNA混合成池,共形成534个DNA池。
2.芹菜内切酶CEL I的提取。CEL I内切酶特异识别并切断错配碱基,是建立TILLING技术的关键组成。商业化CEL I价格昂贵,多数实验室选择独立制备。实验参照发表文献,成功地从山东省泰安当地种植的西芹中获得具有活性的CEL I酶粗提物。
3. CEL I酶切体系的优化。本实验建立了基于CEL I酶切和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的筛选体系。实验选用两个携带单碱基差异的质粒为模板,获得具有错配碱基的PCR产物,通过比较CEL I酶使用量、酶切时间、酶切温度和酶切缓冲液组成等因素对酶切效果的影响,确定合适的酶切体系。研究发现,使用适量的CEL I酶(不同制备需要独立优化),在1/10体积的酶切缓冲液(20 mM HEPES pH 7.5,10mM KCl和3mM MgCl2)中,45℃条件下酶切30min可获得理想的酶切效果。
4.水杨酸抗病途径相关基因的突变体筛选。EDR1(GenBank:AF305913)和NPR1(GenBank:ATU76707)是拟南芥水杨酸抗病信号通路相关的两个关键基因;大麦中存在EDR1和NPR1的同源基因(EDR1:AF305912;NPR1:AM050559);对公共数据库进行分析,分别获得了大麦同源基因的完整信息。利用两个同源基因设计PCR引物,并对本研究所创建的TILLING群体进行了筛选;结果共获得5个突变单株,其中EDR1基因突变体3个,NPR1基因突变体2个。序列分析表明,2个突变发生在内含子、1个NPR1基因的同义突变、2个EDR1基因的错义突变(His351Tyr和Pro556Ser)。
本研究创建了大麦品种‘Tamalpais’的TILLING筛选群体,并成功用于水杨酸信号通路相关基因EDR1和NPR1突变体的筛选。本研究搭建了开展大麦反向遗传学研究的资源和技术平台,为麦类作物功能基因组研究奠定了基础。
TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genomes) is a powerful reverse genetic tool widely used in many important crops. This study developed an EMS-based TILLING population on the barley genotype‘Tamalpais’and a CEL I - based screening system. The system was used to identify mutant alleles of the EDR1 and NPR1 genes that are potentially involved in the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. The barley TILLING population will be used as a powerful tool to study the functional genomics in Triticeae crops.
In detail, the study includes four sections.
1. The development of the barley TILLING population. Pilot experiments were carried out to optimize the EMS treatment according to the germination, survival and albino rates of the M1 seeds or seedlings. The ideal protocol was to shake barley seeds in 3% (v/v) EMS solution for 10 hours under 25℃. The protocol was used to develop 2154 M_2 lines on the barley genotype‘Tamalpais’. DNAs of every four M_2 lines were pooled together, and 534 DNA pools were created.
2. The purification of the CEL I restriction enzyme. The CEL I enzyme that nonspecifically cleaves the mismatch in DNA double strands is an important component of the TILLING screening system. Since the commercial CEL I is very expensive, many labs prefer to purify CEL I from Celery. In this study, active CEL I enzyme was successfully purified from the local growing celery in Tai’an, China.
3. The optimization of the TILLING screening system. Two DNA plasmids that contain only one single nucleotide polymorephism were used as the PCR template. The CEL I - based cleavage and the PAGE-based detection of the DNA mismatch were employed to develop the TILLING system. Factors of CEL I amount, digestion time and tempature, and the cleavage buffer were considered during the optimization process. The CEL I enzyme effectively cut the mismatch DNA after 30-min incubation in a 0.1×cleavage buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10mM KCl and 3mM MgCl2) under 45℃.
4. The identification of gene mutantions related to the SA pathway. EDR1 (GenBank: AF305913) and NPR1 (ATU76707) are two crucial genes related to the SA pathway in Arabidopsis. Orthologs of barley EDR1 (AF305912) and NPR1 (AM050559) were identified. Corresponding mutants were obtained in the current TILLING population. Five mutations were discovered, three for EDR1 and two of NPR1. Two mutations occurred in the intron region; the rest three mutations included one silent mutation of the NPR1 gene and two missense mutations (His351Tyr and Pro556Ser) in the EDR1 gene.
引文
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