微粉复合电刷镀工艺与镀层性能的研究
摘要
电刷镀技术从普通电刷镀、复合电刷镀到微纳米颗粒复合电刷镀的发展,是为了使装备零件满足在高速、重载等恶劣工况下的服役要求。采用微米颗粒复合
电刷镀技术的目的是为了制备具有优良耐磨性能的微米颗粒复合电刷镀层。应用光学显微镜(OLYMPUSGX51)结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等分析手段对微米颗粒复合电刷镀层进行了研究,确定了制备厚铜的基础镀液的工艺条件。在此基础上研究了电刷镀过程中微粒含量、刷镀电压和电流密度等对形成的复合镀层中微粒含量和复合镀层组织性能的影响。结果表明:阴极电流密度对微粒在复合镀层中共沉积影响最大,其次是微粒在镀液中的含量和温度等。并在大量实验基础上,确定了选用镀液中硫酸铜含量为200g/L、SiC微粒粒径为3.5μm,制备复合镀层的最佳工艺:镀液中微米SiC颗粒含量为25g/L时,刷镀电压为8V,电流密度为1.0A/dm2。在该工艺条件下可以得到SiC微粒体积含量为5.96%,表面形貌细腻平整、晶粒细小、厚度达到0.15mm的镀层。
对电刷镀制备的SiC微粒强化铜基复合镀层进行了硬度测试和耐磨性能的研究。结果表明复合镀层中均匀弥散分布的SiC微粒强化了镀层组织,提高了复合镀层的硬度,改善了复合镀层的耐磨性能,在与二氧化锆陶瓷球相互接触摩擦时,复合镀层的摩擦系数为0.14,而纯铜镀层的摩擦系数高于0.20。复合镀层的磨损机理兼具粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,并且由于镀层中SiC微粒的存在,与纯铜镀层相比,粘着磨损得到了抑制。
To make the equipments meet the service requirement, the electro-brush plating technology has been developed from the single coating, to the composite coating and to the tiny particle composite coating. The tiny particle composite electro-brush plating technology is used for preparing the composite coating with distinctive anti-wear performance.
The microstructure of the Cu-SiC particle composite electro-brush coating was studied through SEM, EDS and optical microscope. And the optimum technique parameters of preparing thick copper were confirmed in this paper. Base on the prophase experiment, we discussed the effect of particle concentration in solution, current density temperature on the SiC content and anti-wear properties of the composite coating. The results show that the current density strongly affects the particle content in composite coating and the following factors are particle concentration in solution and temperature subsequently. Based on the above conclusion, we established the superlative technological parameters of preparing Cu-SiC particle composite electro-brush coating. It is that the concentration of SiC particle in solution was 25g/L; current density was 1.0 A/dm2.under such conditions, the content of SiC in composite coating was 5.96vol%, together with fine, compact, smooth surface, its thickness was over 0.15mm.
The studies on wearability and wear mechanism of Cu-SiC composite electro-brush plating were done. The results showed that SiC particles were dispersed in the coating which proved high hardness and excellent wearability. they also indicated that the process of the adhere wear and the particle wear mechanism. Compared with the general Cu-plating coating, high hardness of dispersed SiC particles in the composite coating reduced the materials adhesion.
电刷镀技术的目的是为了制备具有优良耐磨性能的微米颗粒复合电刷镀层。应用光学显微镜(OLYMPUSGX51)结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等分析手段对微米颗粒复合电刷镀层进行了研究,确定了制备厚铜的基础镀液的工艺条件。在此基础上研究了电刷镀过程中微粒含量、刷镀电压和电流密度等对形成的复合镀层中微粒含量和复合镀层组织性能的影响。结果表明:阴极电流密度对微粒在复合镀层中共沉积影响最大,其次是微粒在镀液中的含量和温度等。并在大量实验基础上,确定了选用镀液中硫酸铜含量为200g/L、SiC微粒粒径为3.5μm,制备复合镀层的最佳工艺:镀液中微米SiC颗粒含量为25g/L时,刷镀电压为8V,电流密度为1.0A/dm2。在该工艺条件下可以得到SiC微粒体积含量为5.96%,表面形貌细腻平整、晶粒细小、厚度达到0.15mm的镀层。
对电刷镀制备的SiC微粒强化铜基复合镀层进行了硬度测试和耐磨性能的研究。结果表明复合镀层中均匀弥散分布的SiC微粒强化了镀层组织,提高了复合镀层的硬度,改善了复合镀层的耐磨性能,在与二氧化锆陶瓷球相互接触摩擦时,复合镀层的摩擦系数为0.14,而纯铜镀层的摩擦系数高于0.20。复合镀层的磨损机理兼具粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,并且由于镀层中SiC微粒的存在,与纯铜镀层相比,粘着磨损得到了抑制。
To make the equipments meet the service requirement, the electro-brush plating technology has been developed from the single coating, to the composite coating and to the tiny particle composite coating. The tiny particle composite electro-brush plating technology is used for preparing the composite coating with distinctive anti-wear performance.
The microstructure of the Cu-SiC particle composite electro-brush coating was studied through SEM, EDS and optical microscope. And the optimum technique parameters of preparing thick copper were confirmed in this paper. Base on the prophase experiment, we discussed the effect of particle concentration in solution, current density temperature on the SiC content and anti-wear properties of the composite coating. The results show that the current density strongly affects the particle content in composite coating and the following factors are particle concentration in solution and temperature subsequently. Based on the above conclusion, we established the superlative technological parameters of preparing Cu-SiC particle composite electro-brush coating. It is that the concentration of SiC particle in solution was 25g/L; current density was 1.0 A/dm2.under such conditions, the content of SiC in composite coating was 5.96vol%, together with fine, compact, smooth surface, its thickness was over 0.15mm.
The studies on wearability and wear mechanism of Cu-SiC composite electro-brush plating were done. The results showed that SiC particles were dispersed in the coating which proved high hardness and excellent wearability. they also indicated that the process of the adhere wear and the particle wear mechanism. Compared with the general Cu-plating coating, high hardness of dispersed SiC particles in the composite coating reduced the materials adhesion.
引文
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[23]袁庆龙,苑爱英.刷镀修复大尺寸内孔的新方法[J].新技术新工艺,1995,4:36-3.
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