施工振动风险评估模型及专家系统研究
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摘要
工程建设前期,为了工程项目管理者的在项目计划阶段的风险决策提供辅助信息,对可能产生施工振动的工程项目进行施工振动环境风险评估,简称施工振动风险评估(Construction Vibration Risk Evaluation, CVRE)。以往的研究没有站在项目管理者的角度,以风险视角考虑施工振动所带来的影响,而是大量关注于对工程现场实测数据的定量评估。为了避免以往定量评估方法的复杂,评估滞后,对数据要求苛刻等问题,并充分利用领域内的专家知识和经验,论文提出了基于模糊逻辑理论的定性评估施工振动风险的新方法。
论文以风险视角,分析了施工振动所导致的环境风险,把施工振动风险分为建筑物振动风险、建筑物沉降风险和居住者风险。参照成熟的滑坡风险模型,提出了施工振动风险模型,认为施工振动风险是施工振动的危险性,风险目标的易损性和重要性组成的。全面综合的考虑了施工振动相关振源-传播-响应-影响各环节的风险因素影响,建立了施工振动风险评估指标体系,采用相对重要性模糊标度法对指标进行定权,并在此基础上形成了CVRE模型。基于建立的CVRE模型,并对施工振动风险相关知识进行整理和挖掘,建立了CVRE知识框架。采用三角形隶属函数、梯形隶属函数等模糊隶属函数对知识框架中的模糊语言变量进行模糊化处理,形成了CVRE专家系统知识库。采用风险效用指数法建立了CVRE专家系统的模糊推理规则集,并利用专家问卷中收集到的专家知识和经验对系统知识库和规则集进行调整和测试,最终形成了CVRE专家系统模型。利用Matlab模糊逻辑工具箱建立了对应于CVRE知识框架中子模块的模糊推理系统,用Simulink对模糊推理系统进行集成,从而形成了系统的应用程序。在VB环境下开发了CVRE专家系统的人机交互页面,并利用VB-Matlab混合编程在VB中调用和运行Simulink程序,进而形成了完整的CVRE专家系统的程序。
将开发的CVRE专家系统应用于英国杜伦大学新建图书馆项目的施工振动风险评估,结果显示原有构筑物和混凝土竖井在拆除过程中所产生的振动属于可接受风险范围,对附近建筑物中的人的干扰较大,处于临界风险范围,取得了较好的评估效果。同时,建立了施工场地的有限元模型,参照瑞典振动控制规范,利用原有的参数评估方法得到施工振动风险评估结果,此结果与CVRE专家系统的输出结果进行对比,验证了CVRE系统的有效性。本文开发的CVRE专家系统程序形成了一个通用的专家系统外壳,提供了一个可以用于解决其他不同领域研究问题的专家系统辅助开发工具。
In the primary phase, evaluation of the influence of vibration on nearby properties is necessary for the porpuse of evaluation provide anassistant role for the project manager, which is a part of risk evaluation of construction project, namely Construction Vibration Risk Evaluation (CVRE). Previous methods place the emphasis on the quantitative evaluation of the negative effects on structures or occupants, respectively, without comprehensively considering all factors involved from the perspective of risk evaluation. In this paper, a new methodology based on a Fuzzy Logoc is proposed. This method makes use of the knowledge and experience of experts, and is convenient and economical when used for making decisions in primary phase of projects.
In the perspective of risk management, this paper analysises the construction vibration risk and divide the risk into vibration induced building risk, settlement induced building risk and vibration indced occupant risk. According to the difination of slide risk, the definition of construction vibration risk is proposed with the comprise of hazard, vulnerability and consequence. Considering all of the risk factors from the vibration source, vibration transimassion, building response to the effect of vibration, this paper establishes the indexing model for CVRE. Based on the proposed CVRE model, the knowledge of construction vibration is collected. Factor Performance Impact Method is used to establish rule base and knowledge base of system, which is tested and adjusted by the questionnaire collected form the experts from in the relative field. Matlab Fuzzy Logic Toolbox is used to build fuzzy inference systems, which is integrated by Simulink. VB-Matlab programming is used to establish the interface of the CVRE expert system.
The constrction vibration risk of Durham University's new library project is evaluated, to provide an example to illustrate the application of the method. The peak paticle velocity in the nearby building is predicted using finit element method. According to the swediss vibration control standard, the construction vibration risk is evaluated using parameter method. The result is compared with the result obtained from proposed method, validating the proposed method. A shell of expert system is proposed which can be used in other problems and fields as an assistant tool.
论文以风险视角,分析了施工振动所导致的环境风险,把施工振动风险分为建筑物振动风险、建筑物沉降风险和居住者风险。参照成熟的滑坡风险模型,提出了施工振动风险模型,认为施工振动风险是施工振动的危险性,风险目标的易损性和重要性组成的。全面综合的考虑了施工振动相关振源-传播-响应-影响各环节的风险因素影响,建立了施工振动风险评估指标体系,采用相对重要性模糊标度法对指标进行定权,并在此基础上形成了CVRE模型。基于建立的CVRE模型,并对施工振动风险相关知识进行整理和挖掘,建立了CVRE知识框架。采用三角形隶属函数、梯形隶属函数等模糊隶属函数对知识框架中的模糊语言变量进行模糊化处理,形成了CVRE专家系统知识库。采用风险效用指数法建立了CVRE专家系统的模糊推理规则集,并利用专家问卷中收集到的专家知识和经验对系统知识库和规则集进行调整和测试,最终形成了CVRE专家系统模型。利用Matlab模糊逻辑工具箱建立了对应于CVRE知识框架中子模块的模糊推理系统,用Simulink对模糊推理系统进行集成,从而形成了系统的应用程序。在VB环境下开发了CVRE专家系统的人机交互页面,并利用VB-Matlab混合编程在VB中调用和运行Simulink程序,进而形成了完整的CVRE专家系统的程序。
将开发的CVRE专家系统应用于英国杜伦大学新建图书馆项目的施工振动风险评估,结果显示原有构筑物和混凝土竖井在拆除过程中所产生的振动属于可接受风险范围,对附近建筑物中的人的干扰较大,处于临界风险范围,取得了较好的评估效果。同时,建立了施工场地的有限元模型,参照瑞典振动控制规范,利用原有的参数评估方法得到施工振动风险评估结果,此结果与CVRE专家系统的输出结果进行对比,验证了CVRE系统的有效性。本文开发的CVRE专家系统程序形成了一个通用的专家系统外壳,提供了一个可以用于解决其他不同领域研究问题的专家系统辅助开发工具。
In the primary phase, evaluation of the influence of vibration on nearby properties is necessary for the porpuse of evaluation provide anassistant role for the project manager, which is a part of risk evaluation of construction project, namely Construction Vibration Risk Evaluation (CVRE). Previous methods place the emphasis on the quantitative evaluation of the negative effects on structures or occupants, respectively, without comprehensively considering all factors involved from the perspective of risk evaluation. In this paper, a new methodology based on a Fuzzy Logoc is proposed. This method makes use of the knowledge and experience of experts, and is convenient and economical when used for making decisions in primary phase of projects.
In the perspective of risk management, this paper analysises the construction vibration risk and divide the risk into vibration induced building risk, settlement induced building risk and vibration indced occupant risk. According to the difination of slide risk, the definition of construction vibration risk is proposed with the comprise of hazard, vulnerability and consequence. Considering all of the risk factors from the vibration source, vibration transimassion, building response to the effect of vibration, this paper establishes the indexing model for CVRE. Based on the proposed CVRE model, the knowledge of construction vibration is collected. Factor Performance Impact Method is used to establish rule base and knowledge base of system, which is tested and adjusted by the questionnaire collected form the experts from in the relative field. Matlab Fuzzy Logic Toolbox is used to build fuzzy inference systems, which is integrated by Simulink. VB-Matlab programming is used to establish the interface of the CVRE expert system.
The constrction vibration risk of Durham University's new library project is evaluated, to provide an example to illustrate the application of the method. The peak paticle velocity in the nearby building is predicted using finit element method. According to the swediss vibration control standard, the construction vibration risk is evaluated using parameter method. The result is compared with the result obtained from proposed method, validating the proposed method. A shell of expert system is proposed which can be used in other problems and fields as an assistant tool.
引文
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