滇西北报春资源及滇北球花报春核心种质的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
报春花属(Primula),世界著名的高山花卉,以其丰富绚丽的花色、各具特色的花型而备受世界花卉园艺爱好界的关注和喜爱。中国西南横断山区是报春花属现代的分布中心和多样化中心,其中云南有报春花属120余种。但是继20世纪90年代初期中国报春花科植物志的编撰工作完成之后,由于受到环境因素和人为因素(基础设施修建和旅游开发等)的影响,报春花属植物资源开始遭到破坏;同时由于报春花属植物多分布在山地高海拔区域,夏季不耐高温的习性严重限制其在中国的引种驯化和园艺开发进程。因此本研究以植物志、相关文献和标本为线索,采用线路法结合样地对滇西北地区报春种质资源进行调查,以求了解报春花具体的分布情况和种群的生存状态等;同时选取其中观赏性状突出、具有较大引种驯化的报春进行群体的遗传分析,以制定合理的保护策略。在引种驯化方面,通过相关技术措施的研究以提高报春的耐热性,同时采用mRNA差别显示技术研究报春对热激反应的差异性表达。主要结论如下:
     1.历时3年在滇西北地区共计调查到报春55种(含亚种和变种),分布在18个组。本地区的报春种类占云南的近50%,并且组的分布占云南分布组的95%以上,本地区的报春种质资源丰富。种质资源具有物种多样性丰富,种群密度变化大;分布呈现明显的垂直性和集中性;生境类型复杂多样等特点。但是由于受到人为因素和自然因素的影响,报春种群的分布面积和分布范围正在减少,其中以苍山分布的薄叶粉株报春(P. membrannifolia)和丽江分布的小苞报春(P. bracteata)这两种报春的破坏程度最严重。其余多数种报春分布在海拔3000m以下的种群都受到严重的破坏,致使滇西北报春集中分布的区域由海拔2000~4000m缩减为海拔3000~4000m。
     2.根据观赏性状和生态因子的综合量化评价,铁梗报春(P. sinolisteri)、巴塘报春(P. bathangensis)、多脉报春(P. polyneara)、灰岩皱叶报春(P. forrestii)、海仙报春(P. poissonii)、香海仙报春(P. wilsonii)、中甸灯台报春(P. chungensis)、钟花报春(P. sikkimensis)、峨嵋报春(P. faberi)、紫花雪山报春(P. sinopurpurea)、中甸海水仙(P. monticola)、滇北球花报春(P. denticulate ssp.sinodenticulata)、高穗报春(P. vialii)、羽叶穗花报春(P. pinnatifida)和穗花报春(P. deflexa)具有较高的引种驯化价值。
     3.滇北球花报春野外共计调查到10个群体,分布在大理、漾濞、云龙、丽江、维西等9个区域,其中植物志和标本记载有分布的昆明、嵩明、易门、玉溪、丽江暂着山和泸水没有找到分布群体。与标本记录相比,群体的分布范围和分布面积都有一定程度的减少。构建10个群体初级核心种质300份。通过表型变异和遗传多样性性评价,其中有5个群体参与核心种质的构建;通过捕获曲线模拟遗传多态性,每个群体随机抽取27~31株,即可捕获95%以上的群体遗传多态性。滇北球花报春的核心种质包括种子、种苗和植物DNA三种形式。
     4. Ca~(2+)参与作为植物体内一种重要的矿质营养元素参与滇北球花报春对高温胁迫的反应。相关的生理指标和热害指数测定结果表明:Ca~(2+)处理(20 mmol/L)能有效抑制高温胁迫引起的滇北球花报春幼苗叶片内丙二醛含量的快速积累,促进叶片内游离脯氨酸含量的积累,同时提高和保护Ca~(2+)-ATPase酶的活性,并使热害指数降低近40%。Ca~(2+)处理这种化学措施能从一定程度上提高滇北球花报春的耐热性。
     5.采用40种引物组合筛选到滇北球花报春对照和高温胁迫间差异明显的条带111条,回收到单一性条带70条,其中有5个差异片段经过Northern杂交验证。5个差异片段在GenBank中进行序列同源性比对后发现有2个差异片段与土豆、拟南芥和烟草等植物的热激蛋白具有较高的同源性,但其结构和功能还需要进一步研究确定。
Primula is a famous alpine flower distributing throughout the moister and cooler regions of the northern hemisphere. By far the largest concentration of species is found in the great chain of Himalaya and western China, especially Hengduan Mountains in southwest China is the modern distribution and diversification centre of the genus Primula, and of which Yunnan Province has more than 120 species. Most species are beautiful and many species have proved to be great garden or ornamental flowers. The flower trade of Primula creates hundreds of millions dollars annually in American. While the study in China is far behind, and the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae on Primulaceae was completed until the early 1990s. In the past twenty years, the germplasm resources of Primula were destructed due to environmental factors and human factors (infrastructure construction, tourism development and so on). And as the genus Primula is mainly located in higher altitude mountain regions, the characteristic of low heat resistence restricts its introduction and horticultural development process in China. Based on related documents and specimens, a field surney was carried out in northwest Yunnan Province. One representative Primula species, P. denticulata ssp. sinodenticulata was studied for the analysis of genetic diversity and establishment of conservation strategy.The main conclusions are as follows:
     1.During 3 years field survey in northwest Yunnan Province, 55 Primula species (including sub-species and varieties) belonging to 18 groups were located, which account for 50% of the species in Yunnan Province. The characteristics of Primula germplasm resources in this region were as follows: (1) species diversity was abundant and population density was variant, (2) distributed widely, habitats were complicated and various, (3) vertical distribution pattern appeared definite regularity.
     2. According to comprehensive quantitative evaluation on ornemantal traits and ecological factors, 15 Primula species including P. sinolisteri, P. bathangensis, P. polyneara, P. forrestii, P. poissonii, P. wilsonii, P. chungensis, P. sikkimensis, P. faberi, P.sinopurprea, P. monticola, P. denticulate ssp.sinodenticulata, P. vialii, P. pinnatifida, P. deflexa have higher introduction value.
     3. 10 natural populatons of Primula denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata were located in Yunnan Province and 6 populatons in the region of Kunming, Song Ming, Yi Mun, Yuxi, Lijiang and Lushui were dismissed. And compared with to the records, population number and distribution area both had a certain degree of reduction, and its natural distribution had been fragmented. 300 copies pf these plants were chosed for initial core collection. The sampling strategy of core collection was established based on genetic diversity of morphological and AFLP markers, which includes (1) conserving 5 populations, (2) genotype conservation way by sampling 27~31 genotypes for each population.
     4.Ca2 + participated in the response of Primula denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata to heat stress as an important mineral nutrients. Results of related physiological indicators and heat harm index showed: Ca2 + treatment (20 mmol / L) could effectively inhibit the MDA's rapid accumulation in leaves of this plant and improve increase of proline. Besides the treatment could also improve and maintain the activity of Ca~(2+)-ATPase enzyme, and decrease the high harm index in 40 %. Chemical treatment of Ca2 + could improve the resistance of Primula denticulata ssp. sinodenticulata to heat stress in some extent.
     5. The technology of mRNA differential display was employed to isolated heat stress responsive genes in the leaves of Primula denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata. More than 1000 cDNA segments were amplified and 111were differeantial display. There were 5 cDNA segments only expressed in the state of heat stress. In the isolated segments, HSR4 shared 62% homology with HSP68 protein from Solanum tuberosun, 55% homology with mtHSC70-2 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana. HSR5 shared 70% homology with HSP90 protein from Nicotiana tabacum. Their expressions were possible involvement in the heat stress response, but their structure and function need to be further studied.
引文
1 陈俊愉,程绪珂.中国花经[M].上海:上海文化出版社,2000.
    2 陈贵林,贾开志.钙和钙调素拮抗剂对高温胁迫下茄子幼苗抗氧化系统的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(1): 197- 202.
    3 陈明林.安徽特有植物安徽羽叶报春繁殖生物学研究[J].生物多样性,2007,15(6): 599- 607.
    4 陈培琴,郁松林,詹妍妮,康喜亮.植物在高温胁迫下的生理研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22 (3): 223- 227.
    5 陈晓军.栽培大豆热激转录因子(GmHsfA1)的克隆与功能分析[D].新疆农业大学,硕士学位论文,2006.
    6 崔艳华,邱丽娟,常汝镇,吕文河.植物核心种质研究进展[J].植物遗传资源学报,2003,4(3): 279- 284.
    7 丁自立.棉花热激效应的研究[D].华中农业大学硕士论文,2005.
    8 杜希华.文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.)雄性不育性的分子机理研究[D].北京林业大学,博士学位论文,2003.
    9 法兰克汉等著,黄宏文等译.保育遗传学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
    10 方鼎.广西报春属二新分类群[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1998,6(1): 49- 51.
    11 符同浩.利用 EST 技术克隆莲(Nelumbo nucifera)热激蛋白基因[D].中山大学,硕士学位论文,2005.
    12 冯国楣.中国珍稀野生花卉[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995,90-96.
    13 高立志,周毅,葛颂,洪德元,梁耀懋,林登豪,陈成斌,吴妙鑫,黄德爱.广西普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)的遗传资源现状及其保护对策[J].中国农业科学,1998,31(1): 32-
    39.
    14 高志红.果梅核心种质的构建与分子标记的研究[D]. 中国农业大学,博士学位论文,2003.
    15 葛颂.植物群体遗传结构研究的回顾与展望[J].植物科学进展(李承森主编) 北京:高等教育出版,1998,1-15.
    16 葛颂,洪德元.濒危物种裂叶沙参及其近缘广布种泡沙参的遗传多样性研究[J].遗传学报,1999,26(4): 410- 417.
    17 葛颂,王可青,董鸣.毛乌素沙地根茎灌木羊柴的遗传多样性和克隆结构[J].植物学报,1999,41(3): 301- 306.
    18 龚明,李英.植物体内的钙信使系统[J].植物学通报,1990,7(3): 19- 29.
    19 顾万春.统计遗传学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
    20 顾万春,李文英.中国林木种质资源共享现状及建议[J].世界林业研究,2007,20(3):50- 57.
    21 郭平仲编著.群体遗传学导论[M].北京:农业出版社,1993.
    22 韩笑冰,利容干,王建波.热胁迫下萝卜不同耐热品种细胞组织结构比较[J].武汉植物学研究,1997, 15(2):173-178.
    23 贺道耀,余叔文.水稻高脯氨酸愈伤组织变异体的选择及其耐盐性[J].植物生理学报, 1995, 21(1):65-72.
    24 何卓培,徐淑平,徐俊.抗除草剂草甘麟大豆突变体的筛选[J].科学通报,1993,38(17): 1614- 1616.
    25 何晓明,潘瑞炽,廖飞雄.菜心耐热变异体离体筛选研究[J].广东农业科学,1999,(5):17- 18.
    26 何国生.鄂报春(Primula obconica Hance)一新亚种[J].植物分类学报,2002,40(6):551- 552.
    27 和太平,彭定人,黎德丘.广西雅长自然保护区兰科植物多样性研究 [J].广西植物,2007,
    27(4):590-595.
    28 胡启明.报春花科植物的地理分布[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1994,2(4):1- 14.
    29 胡启明.种子植物科属地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
    30 胡小辉,陈家宽,王建波,何国庆,葛颂.长喙毛茛泽泻遗传多样性及其与繁育系统的关系[J].云南植物研究,1999,21(2):232-238.
    31 黄建安,黄意欢. AFLP 技术及其在茶树种质资源研究中的应用(综述)[J].亚热带植物科学,2003,32(2):60- 63.
    32 黄梦苏.热激转录因子基因转化不结球白菜的研究[D].南京农业大学,硕士论文,2002.
    33 黄祥富,黄上志.植物热激蛋白的功能及其基因表达的调控[J].植物学通报,1999,16(5):530- 536.
    34 贾继增.分子标记种质资源鉴定和分子标记育种[J].中国农业科学,1999,29(4):1- 10.
    35 蒋志刚,葛颂. 探索长江流域物种濒危机制与保护对策[J].生物多样性,2005,13:367- 375.
    36 金燕,卢宝荣.遗传多样性取样策略.生物多样性,2003, 11:55-161.
    37 赖力等.峨眉山报春花属植物引种驯化[J].植物引种驯化集刊,1995 年第 10 集.
    38 李昂,王可青,葛颂.不同采样策略对细距堇菜遗传多样性估算的影响[J].植物学报,2000, 42(10):1069-1074.
    39 李昂,葛颂.植物保护遗传学研究进展[J].生物多样性,2002,10(1): 61- 71.
    40 李斌.白皮松遗传多样性及其核心种质保护策略研究[D].北京林业大学,博士学位论文,2003.
    41 李斌,顾万春,卢宝明.白皮松天然群体种实性状表型多样性研究 [J].生物多样性, 2002,10, 181-188.
    42 李春光.拟南芥热激转录因子 AtHsfA2 在热和氧化胁迫反应中的功能研究[D].中国农业大学, 博士学位论文,2005.
    43 李进,陈可咏,李渤生. 不同海拔高度川滇高山栎群体遗传多样性的变化[J].植物学报, 1998,40, 761-767.
    44 李文英.蒙古栎天然群体遗传多样性研究[D].北京林业大学,博士论文,2003.
    45 李锡文,李捷.横断山脉地区种子植物区系的初步研究[J].云南植物研究,1993,15(3):217-231.
    46 李卫,孙中海,章文才.钙和钙调素对柑橘原生质抗冻性的影响[J].植物生理学报,1997,23(3):262- 266.
    47 李自超.中国地力稻种资源核心种质取样策略和表型及同工酶遗传多样性研究[D].中国农业大学,博士学位论文,2001.
    48 李自超,张洪亮,孙传清,王象坤.植物遗传资源核心种质研究现状与展望[J].中国农业大学学报,1999,4(5):51- 62.
    49 李自超,张洪亮.云南地方稻种资源核心种质取样方案研究[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(5):1- 7.
    50 梁树乐,张启翔.大理苍山报春花资源调查[J].莱阳农学院学报,2004,21(4):63- 65.
    51 梁树乐.中国西南地区部分野生报春的引种与杂交育种研究[D].北京林业大学,博士学位论文,2006.
    52 林富荣,顾万春.植物种质资源设施保存研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2004,17(1):63- 65.
    53 林建军,魏幼璋.植物细胞 Ca2+的微调系统-Ca2+-ATPase[J].植物学报,2001,18(2):190- 196.
    54 刘飞虎,梁雪妮.几种野生报春花的光合特性初探[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(2):168-173.
    55 刘鸿艳,郑成木.作物遗传资源核心种质研究进展[J].华中热带农业大学学报,2003,7(3): 35-37.
    56 刘箭,庄野真理子.高温下线粒体小分子热激蛋白对柠檬酸合成酶、线粒体和花粉粒的保护作用[J].植物生理学报, 2001, 27 (5):375-380.
    57 刘良式.植物分子遗传学(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
    58 刘 三 才 , 曹 永 生 . 普通小麦核心种质抽样方法的比较 [J]. 麦类作物学报,2001,21(2):42- 45.
    59 刘小莉,刘飞虎,李宗菊,曾淑华.10 种报春花亲缘关系的 ISSR 分析[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(5):454-458.
    60 刘悦萍,黄卫东,张俊环.钙一钙调素对水杨酸诱导葡萄幼苗耐与抗氧化的关系[J].园艺学报,2005,32(3):381-38.
    61 路端正,徐红梅.北京植物新资料(二)[J].北京农学院学报,2003,18(3):211- 213.
    62 罗少波,理智军,飞弹健.大白菜品种耐热性的鉴定方法[J].中国蔬菜,1996(2):16- 18.
    63 马德华,庞金安.温度逆境锻炼对高温下黄瓜幼苗生理的影响[J].园艺学报,1998, 25(4):350- 353.
    64 明军.梅花 DNA 指纹图谱的建立与研究[D].北京林业大学,博士论文,2001.
    65 明军,顾万春.紫丁香表型多样性研究[J].林业科学研究, 2006,19(2):199- 204.
    66 潘青华.扶芳藤遗传多样性研究及抗逆性选择[D].北京林业大学,博士论文,2003.
    67 庞勇,马锋旺,徐凌飞.抗坏血酸对苹果组培苗耐热性的生理效应[J].果树学报, 2005, 22(2):160-162.
    68 钱韦,葛颂. 种群遗传结构研究中显性标记数据分析方法初探[J].遗传学报 2001, 28(3): 244-
    255.
    69 盛爱武,叶向斌,侯碧清.红掌耐热性研究初探[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,2000,13(1):23- 26.
    70 孙爱清.番茄热诱导型 ftsH 基因的分子克隆、表达特性及生理功能[D].山东师范大学博士论文,2006.
    71 孙庆磊,梁月荣,丁兆堂,陆建良. AFLP 技术及其在茶树遗传育种中的应用[J].茶叶,2004,30(4):203- 206.
    72 汤章城.植物抗逆性生理生化的研究的某些进展[J].植物生理学通讯,1991,27(2):146- 48.
    73 袁亚夫,潘开云.瓦屋山地区野生报春花资源及其开发利用[J].山地学报,2000(18):263- 266.
    74 王彩云.基于分子标记的菊花种质资源遗传多样性评价与 CDS 基因的分子进化[D].北京林业大学博士论文,2005.
    75 王凤兰,周厚高,黄玉清.4 个新铁炮百合品系幼苗的抗热指标测定[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,2003,16(2):38-42
    76 王凤英,葛学军,郝刚,胡启明.喜马拉雅-横断山区钟花报春种群遗传多样性及遗传分化[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2005(2):52- 57.
    77 王利军.高温锻炼和水杨酸对葡萄抗热性的诱导及信号传导研究[J].中国农业大学博士论文,2001.
    78 王利军,黄卫东,战吉成.葡萄幼苗高温锻炼过程中与水杨酸相关的信号传递的初步研究[J].植物学通报,2002,19(6):710- 715.
    79 王光,钦佩,宰学明.叶面喷施 Ca2+增加海滨锦葵对高温的适应能力[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(3):41- 44.
    80 王光耀,刘俊梅,张仪.热锻炼和热胁迫过程中菜豆叶肉细胞超微结构的变化[J].农业生物技术学报,1997,7(2):151- 156.
    81 王学奎主编.植物生理生化实验原理技术(第 2 版)[M].北京:高教出版社,2006, 238-281.
    82 韦毅刚,李光照,郎楷永.中国蜘蛛抱蛋属植物分布与生境特点的究 [J].广西植物,2000,20(3):218- 228.
    83 魏兴华,汤圣祥.中国粳稻地方种资源核心样品的构建方法研究[J].中国水稻科学,2000, 14(4):237- 240.
    84 吴国胜,王永健,姜亦巍.细胞膜热稳定性及保护酶和大白菜耐热性的关系[J].园艺学报,1995,22(4):353- 358.
    85 武全安.1993.中国云南野生花卉[M].北京:中国林业出版社,130-135.
    86 吴之坤,张长芹.2006.滇西北玉龙雪山报春花种质资源的调查[J].广西植物,26(1):49- 55.
    87 薛大伟,张长芹.云南报春花属(报春花科)一新变种-长萼铁梗报春[J].植物分类学报,2004,42(3):263- 264.
    88 薛大伟,张长芹,黄媛,罗吉凤.云南无量山报春花种质资源的调查[J].园艺学报,2003,
    30(4):476- 478.
    89 薛大伟,黄媛,张长芹,罗吉凤.珍稀植物景东报春的地理分布和生物生态学特性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2003,12(5):59- 60.
    90 严奇岩.明清时期云南的观赏花卉资源[J].中国园林,2004,3:25-27.
    91 叶陈亮,柯玉陈,陈伟.大白菜耐热性的生理研究-叶片水分和蛋白质代谢与耐热性[J].福建农业大学学报,1996,25: 490-493.
    92 虞泓,葛颂,黄瑞复,姜汉侨.云南松及其近缘种的遗传变异与亲缘关系初探[J].植物学报,2000,42(1):107-110.
    93 于晓英.瓜叶菊(Senecio× hybridus)对对高温胁迫的反应以及耐热变异体的研究[D].湖南农业大学博士论文,2006.
    94 云南植被编写组.云南植被[M].北京:科学出版社 1987,460-648.
    95 宰学明,吴国荣,钦佩. Ca2+对花生幼苗耐热性的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(3):47-50.
    96 邹喻萍,葛颂,王晓东编著.系统与进化植物学中的分子标记[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
    97 张长芹,朱惠芬,吴之坤.5 种野生观赏报春花引种驯化初报[J].云南植物研究,2003, 25(1):78- 82.
    98 张广平.利用 RAPD 标记进行黄瓜遗传多样性评价及黄瓜核心种质构建初探[D].华中农业大学硕士论文,2002.
    99 张辉,贾继增.AFLP 实验操作程序[M].北京:中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所,1997.
    100 张小平,陈明林.安徽安徽羽叶报春和毛茛叶报春的遗传多样性研究及新资源评估[J].植物资源与环境学报,2003,12(3):1- 5.
    101 张宗申,利容千,王建波.外源 Ca2+预处理对高温胁迫下辣椒叶片细胞膜透性和 GSH, ASA含量及 Ca2+分布的影响[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(1):230- 234.
    102 赵险飞.胡杨与盐敏感杨 ATPase 活性、离子区隔化及抗盐性比较研究[D].北京林业大学,硕士论文, 2005.
    103 周建明,朱群.水分胁迫诱导表达的小麦基因的 cDNA 片段克隆的序列分析[J].科学通报,1998, 43 (22):2419-2422.
    104 周少川,柯苇等.优质稻核心种质绿珍占 8 号的创建与利用[J].中国水稻科学,2000,14(3):170-172.
    105 周延清编著.DNA 分子标记技术在植物研究中的应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
    106 周蕴薇.翠南报春叶片细胞超微结构对低温的适应性变化[J].园艺学报,2006, 33(6): 1361-1364.
    107 郑成木主编.植物分子标记原理与方法[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2003.
    108 郑维列.藏色季拉山报春花种质资源及其生境类型[J].园艺学报,1992,19(3):261-266.
    109 中国科学院云南植物所.云南植物志(第十五卷) [M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
    110 中国科学院中国植物志编委会.中国植物志(第 59 卷第二分册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
    111 中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物图鉴(第三册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1985,232-285.
    112 中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.横断山区维管植物下册[M].北京:科学出版社,1994,1177- 1509.
    113 中国科学院昆明植物研究所.云南种子植物名录下册[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1984,1492-1516.
    114 朱慧芬.五种观赏报春引种驯化的初步研究[D].中国科学院昆明植物研究所硕士论文,2001.
    115 朱慧芬,杨俊波,张长芹,李德洙.应用 ITS 序列分析探讨偏花报春的系统位置[J].植物分类学报,2002,40(3):133-138.
    116 朱莉.山西省大豆资源遗传多样性分析及核心种质构建[D].新疆农业大学,硕士论文,2004.
    117 Antrobus S, Lack AJ.Genetics of colonizing and established populations of Primula veris. [J]. Heredity, 1993, 71:252-258.
    118 Arun DS, Sanjay Y. Expression analysis of a stress-modulated transcript in drought tolerant and susceptible cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) [J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2006, 163(5): 570-576.
    119 Baniwal SK, Bhartik K , Chan KY, Fauth M, Ganruli A, Kotak S, MishraSK , Nover L, Port M, Scharf KD, Tripp J, WeberC, Zielinskid D, Koskull- DoringP. Heat stress response in plants a complex game with chaperones and more than twenty heat stress transcription factors [J]. J. Biosci., 2004, 29(4): 471-487.
    120 Barriere Y, Denoue D, Briand M, Simon M, Jouanin L, Durand-Tardif M. Genetic variations of cell wall digestibility related traits in floral stems of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions as a basis for the improvement of the feeding value in maize and forage plants [J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2006, 113: 163-175.
    121 Basha E, Friedrich KL, Vierling E. The N-terminal arm of small heat shock proteins is important for both chaperone activity and substrate specificity [J]. J Biol Chem., 2006, 281(52): 943-952.
    122 Bharti K, Schmidt E, Lyck R, Heerklotz D, Bublak D, Scharf K D. Isolation and characterization of HsfA3, a new heat stress transcription factor of Lycopersicon peruvianum [J]. The Plant Journal,2000, 22(4): 355-366.
    123 Bortolini F , Dall-Agnol M, Schifino-Wittmann MT.Molecular characterization of the USDA white clover (Trifolium repens L.) core collection by RAPD markers [J].Genetic resources and crop evolution, 2006, 53:1081-1087.
    124 Brown AHDa. The case for core collections[J].In:Brown AHD,Frankel OH,Marshall RD, et al.eds.The Use of Plant Genetic Resources,Cambridge,England:Cambridge University Press, 1989, 136-156.
    125 Brown AHDb. Core collections: a practical approach to genetic resources management [J]. Genome, 1989, 31: 818-824.
    126 Brown AHD. The core collection at the crossroad [J]. In: Hodgkin T, Brown AHD, Hintum Van THL, Morales EAV (eds.). Core collection of plant genetic resources [M]. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) Wiley-Science, 1995, 3-19.
    127 Brys R, Jacquemyn H, Endels P, De Blust G. The effects of grassland management on plant performance and demography in the perennial herb Primula veris [J]. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 41(6):1080-1091.
    128 Busch W, Wunderlich M, Schoffl F. Identification of novel heat shock factor-dependent genes and biochemical pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. The Plant Journal, 2005, 41: 1-14.
    129 Campbell JL, Klueva NY, Zheng HG, Nieto-Sotelo J, Ho TD, Nguyen HT. Cloning of new members of heat shock protein HSP101 gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) Moench) inducible by heat, dehydration, and ABA [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2001, 1517(2):270-277.
    130 Cannon S, Wang P,Roy H. Inhibition of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase assembly by antibody to binding protein [J]. Journal of Cell Biology, 1986, 103:1327-1335.
    131 Charmet G, Balfourier F. The use of geostatistics for sampling a core collection of perennial ryegrass population[J] .Genetic Resource and Crop Evolution, 1995, 42:303-309.
    132 Charng YY ,Liu HC, Liu NY, Chi WT, Wang CN, Wang TT. A heat-inducible transcription factor, HsfA2, is required for extension of acquired thermo tolerance in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Physiology, January 2007, 143:251- 262.
    133 Christoph R, Anja A, Markus R. Molecular variation within and between ten populations of Primula farinosa (Primulaceae) along an altitudinal gradient in the north Alps[J]. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2005, 6: 35-45.
    134 Comes HP, Kadereit JW. Spatial and temporal patterns in the evolution of the flora of the European Alpine System[J]. Taxon., 2003, 52 (3): 451-462.
    135 Cravero V, Martin E, Cointry E. Genetic diversity in Cynara cardunculus determined by sequence-related amplified polymorphism Markers [J]. J. Amer. Soc. Sci., 2007, 132:208-212.
    136 Czarnecka-Verner1 E, Yuan CX, Scharf KD, Englich G, Gurley WB. Plants contain a novel multi-member class of heat shock factors without transcriptional activator potential [J]. Plant Molecular Biology, 2000, 43: 459-471.
    137 Dainauskaite D, Indrisiunaite G. Investigation of herbaceous ornamental plants of genetic resources in the Botanical Garden of Vilnius University[J].Acta Horticulturae,2004,651(2) : 161-164.
    138 David P. One hundred euorpean primula cultivars [J]. The Alpine Gardener, 2004, 72 (2):187-199.
    139 Deng ZN, Goktepe F, Harbaugh BK, Hu JG. Assessment of genetic diversity and relationships among Caladium cultivars and species using molecular markers [J]. J. Amer. Soc. Sci., 2007, 132:219-227.
    140 Diwan N. A core collection for the United States annual Medicago species germplasm collection[M]. University of Maryland College Park, 1993.
    141 Diwan N,Mclntosh MS, Bauchan GR. Methods of developing a core collection of annual Medicago species [J]. Theor Appl Genet., 1995, 90: 755-761.
    142 Doring P, Treuter E, Kistner C, Lyck R, Chen A, Nover L. The role of AHA motifs in the activator function of tomato heat stress transcription factors HsfA1 and HsfA2 [J]. The Plant Cell, 2000, 12(2):265-278.
    143 Doyle JJ, Doyle JL. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bul., 1987, 19: 11-15.
    144 Eggers-Schumacher CLG, Wunderlich M, Scholl F. Two different heat shock transcription factors regulate immediate early expression of stress genes in Arabidopsis [J]. Mol Gen Genomics, 2004, 271: 11-21.
    145 Endels P, Jacquemyn H, Brys R, Hermy M. Rapid response to habitat restoration by the perennial Primula veris as revealed by demographic monitoring [J]. Plant Ecology, 2005, 176:143-156.
    146 Endels P, JacquemynH, Brys R, HermyM. Impact of management and habitat on demographic traits of Primula vulgaris in an agricultural landscape [J]. Applied Vegetation Science, 2004, 7(2):171-182.
    147 Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metri distance among DNA haplotypes: Application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction site. Genetics, 1992, 131: 479-491.
    148 Fang J, Paz T. Modified AFLP technique for ting of Anemone coronaria[J]. Plant Genet. Res., 2005, 3:73-75.
    149 Frankel OH, Brown AHD. Plant genetic resources today: A critical appraisal. In: Holden JHW, Williams JT(eds), Crop genetic resources: conservation and evaluation, George Allen & Urwin Ltd, London, 1984, 249-257.
    150 Frankel OH. Genetic perspectives of germplasm conservation. In: Arber W, Limensee K, PeacockWJ (eds), Genetic Manipulation: Impact on Man and Society, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1984, 161-170.
    151 Franco J, Crossa J, Warburton ML, Taba S. Sampling strategies for conserving maize diversity when forming core subsets using genetic markers [J]. Crop Science , 2006, 46: 854-864.
    152 Georg Rde C, Gomes SL. Comparative expression analysis of members of the Hsp70 family in the chytridiomycete Blastocladiella emersonii [J]. Gene, 2007, 386(1-2):24-34.
    153 Gong M, Vander Luit AH, Knight MR. Heat-shock induced changes in intracellular Ca2+ level in tobacco seedlings in regulation to thermotolerance [J]. Plant Physiol., 1998, 116: 429-437.
    154 Gross C, Watson K. Application of mRNA differential display to investigate gene expression in thermotolerant cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [J]. Yeast, 1998, 14(5):431-42.
    155 Gulli M, Corradi M, Rampino P, Marmiroli N. Four members of the HSP101 gene family are differently regulated in Triticum durum Desf [J]. FEBS Lett., 2007,581(25): 841-849.
    156 Guo YP, Johannes S. AFLP analyses demonstrate genetic divergence, hybridization, and multiple polyploidization in the evolution of Achillea (Asteraceae-Anthemideae) [J].New Phytologist, 2005, 166:273-290.
    157 Hagidimitriou M, Katsiotis A, Menexes G, Pontikis C, Louskas M.Genetic diversity of major greek Olive cultivars using molecular (AFLPs and RAPDs) markers and morphological traits[J]. J. Amer.Soc.Sci., 2005, 130: 211-217.
    158 Harmon S,Van Sloten DH.Character isolation and evaluation of Okra[J].In: Brown AHD, Frankel OH, Marshall RD.(eds),The use of plant genetic resources, Cambridge, England:Cambriage University Press, 1989.
    159 Hamric JL, Godt MJW.Allozyme diversity in plant species [J]. In: Brown ADH, Clegg MT, Kanler Al(eds), Plant population genetics, breeding, and genetic resources, Sinauer Association Inc., Massachusetts,1990,43-63.
    160 Hamric JL, Godt MJW. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species [J]. New Forrest, 1992, 6: 95-124.
    161 Hamric JL, Godt MJW.Conversation genetic of endemic plant species [M]. Conservation genetics.Chamman and Hall, New York, 1996, 281- 304.
    162 Hamric JL, Godt MJW. Effects of life history traits on genetic diversity in plant species [J]. Biological Sciences, 1996, 35: 1291-1298.
    163 Hao G.Circumscriptions and phylogenetic relationships of Primula Sects.Auganthus and Ranunculoides: evidence from nrDNA ITS sequence [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2002, 42(1):72-75.
    164 Hayashi M, Kako J,Ohashi H, Mii M. Variation of ploidy level in inter-section hybrids obtained by reciprocal crosses between tetraploid Primula denticulata (2n = 4x = 44) and diploid P. rosea (2n = 2x = 22) .The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2007,82(1):5-10.
    165 Hintum, TH., Van JL.The general methodology for creating a core collection" In: Johnson, RC, Hodgkin T(eds.),Core Collections for Today and Tomorrow, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Italy, 1999, 10-17.
    166 Holbrook CC, William FA. Evaluation of a core collection to identify resistance to late leafspot in peanut [J]. Crop Science,1995,35:1700-1702.
    167 Honjo M, Ueno S. Phylogeographic study based on intraspecific sequence variation of chloroplast DNA for the conservation of genetic diversity in the Japanese endangered species Primula sieboldii[J]. Biological Conservation, 2004, 120, 215-224.
    168 Huang, XQ, Brner A, Rder MS, Ganal, MW.Assessing genetic diversity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)germplasm using microsatellite markers[J].Theor. Appl. Genet.,2002, 105: 699-707.
    169 Isagi Y, Honjo M. Development of microsatellite markers for Primula sieboldii using degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR-amplified DNA [J]. Molecular Ecology, 2001(1):22-24.
    170 Ishihama F, Nakano C. Seed set and gene flow patterns in an experimental population of an endangered heterostylous herb with controlled local opposite-morph density. Functional Ecology, 2003, 17, 680-689.
    171 Ishihama F, Ueno S. Gene flow and inbreeding depression inferred fine-scale genetic structure in an endangered heterostylous perennial, Primula sieboldii [J]. Molecular Ecology, 2005(14):1-8.
    172 Jacquemyn H, Honnay O, Galbusera P, Roldan-Ruiz. Genetic structure of the forest herb Primula elatior in a changing landscape [J]. Molecular Ecology, 2004, 13, 211-219.
    173 Jana S. Some recent issues on the conversation of crop genetic resources in developing countries[J] .Gonome, 1999,42(4):562-570
    174 Jakob U, Gaestel M, Engel K,Bucher J. Small heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones. J. Biol. Chem., 1993, 268(3):1517-1520.
    175 Jia Y, Del-Rio HS, Robbins AL, Louzada ES. Cloning and sequence analysis of a low temperature-induced gene from trifoliate orange with unusual pre-mRNA processing [J]. Plant Cell Rep., 2004, 23(3):159-166.
    176 Jorge NS, Luz M, Georgia P. Maize HSP101 plays important roles in both induced and basal thermo tolerance and primary root growth. Plant Cell, 2002, 14(7):1621-1633.
    177 Joshi CP. Xylem-specific and tension stress-responsive expression of cellulose synthase genes from aspen trees. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2003,105, 17–23.
    178 Joshi CP, Kumar S, Nguyen HT.Application of modified differential display technique for cloning and sequencing of the 3' region from three putative members of wheat HSP70 gene family[J]. Plant Mol Biol., 1996 30(3):641-646.
    179Joshi CP, Nguyen HT. Differential display-mediated rapid identification of different members of a multi-gene family, HSP16.9 in wheat [J].Plant Mol Biology, 1996, 31:575-584.
    180 Joshi CP, Nguyen HT. Cloning of the 3' noncoding regions from several members of heat shock protein gene families by differential display [J]. Methods Mol Biol., 1997, 85:107-21.
    181 Jubrael JMS, Udupa SM, Baum M. Assessment of AFLP-based genetic relationships among date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties of Iraq [J]. J. Amer. Soc. Sci., 2005, 130:442-447.
    182Kadereit JW, Griebeler EM, Comes HP.Quaternary diversification in European alpine plants: pattern and process. Biological Sciences, 2004, 359 :265-274.
    183 Kadyrzhanova DK, Vlachonasios KE, Ververidis P, Dilley DR. Molecular cloning of a novel heat induced/chilling tolerance related cDNA in tomato fruit by use of mRNA differential display [J]. Plant Mol Biol., 1998, 36(6):885-895.
    184 Kitamoto N, Honjo M. Spatial genetic structure among and within populations of Primula sieboldii growing beside separate streams [J]. Molecular Ecology, 2005, 14:149-157.
    185 Kitamoto N;UenoS, Takenaka A, Tsumura Y, Washitani I, Ohsawa R, Tsukuba U. Effect of flowering phenology on pollen flow distance and the consequences for spatial genetic structure within a population of Primula sieboldii (Primulaceae) [J].American Journal of Botany,2006,93(2): 226-233.
    186 Klein J D, Ferguson I B. Effect of high temperature on calcium uptake by suspension 一 cultural pear fruit cells [J]. Plant Physiology, 1987, 84:1853-1856.
    187 Kreivi M, Huttunen S, Aspi J, Oulu U. Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers from Primula nutans(Primulaceae) [J]. Molecular ecology, 2006, 6(2): 334-336.
    188 Knupfferr H, Hintum TH, Van JL. The harley core collection. Core Collection of Plant Genetic Resources [J].International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI),A Wiley-Sayce Publication ,1995:171-178.
    189 Kotak S, Port M, Ganguli A, Bicker F, Koskull-Doering P. Characterization of C-terminal domains of Arabidopsis heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs) [J]. The Plant Journal, 2004, 39, 98-112.
    190 Larkindale J, Knight M R. Protection against heat stress-induced oxidative damage in Arabidopsis involves calcium, abacisis acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid [J].Plant Physiology,2002,128:682-695
    191 Lehtila K, Syrjanen K, LeimuR, Garcia MB.Habitat change and demography of Primula veris: identification of management targets[J].Conservation Biology,2006,20(3): 833- 843.
    192 Liu WS,.Liu DC, Zhang AM, Feng CJ, Yoon J, Li. SH. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Plum germplasm resources in China assessed with inter-simple sequence repeat markers[J]. J.Amer.Soc.Sci., 2007, 132:619-628.
    193 Lindborg R, Cousins SAO, Eriksson O.Plant species response to land use change:Campanula rotundifolia, Primula veris and Rhinanthus minor[J].Ecography,2005,28(1):29-36.
    194 Lopato S, Bazanova N, Morran S, Milligan AS, Shirley N, Langridge P. Isolation of plant transcription factors using a modified yeast one-hybrid system[J]. Plant Methods, 2006, 2(3):2-15.
    195 Lu S, Li L, Yi X, Joshi CP, Chiang VL. Differential expression of three eucalyptus secondary cell wall-related cellulose synthase genes in response to tension stress [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2008, 59(3):681-695.
    196 Manfield IW, Pavlov VK,Li J, Cook HE, Hummel FGilmartin PM.Molecular characterization of DNA sequences from the Primula vulgaris S-locus [J].Journal of ExperimentalBotany,2005,56:1177-1188.
    197 Martin L, Oberprieler C, Hellwig FHA. Phylogenetic analysis of Primulaceae. based on internal transcribed space (ITS) DNA sequence data [J]. Plant Systematic and Evolution, 2003, 237:75-85.
    198 Mast AR, Kelso S, Richards AJ,Lang DJ, Feller DMS,Conti E. Phylogenetic relationships in Primula L. and Related Genera (Primulaceae) based on noncoding chloroplast DNA[J]. Int. J. Plant Sci., 2001, 162 (6):1381-1400.
    199 Miller G, MittlerR. Could heat shock transcription factors function as hydrogen peroxide sensors in plants [J]? Annals of Botany, 2006, 98: 279-288.
    200 Mishra SK, Tripp J, Winkelhaus S, Tschiersch B, Theres K, Nover L, Scharf KD. In the complex family of heat stress transcription factors, HsfA1 has a unique role as master regulator of thermo tolerance in tomato [J]. Genes Development, 2002, 16:1555-1567.
    201 Morimoto RI. Regulation of heat shock transcription response: cross talk between a family of heat shock factors, molecular chaperones, and negative regulators [J]. Genes Develpoment, 1998, 12:3788-3796.
    202 Nei M. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided population [J]. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA .1973, 70: 3321-3323.
    203 Nieto-Sotelo J, Vierling E, Ho TH. Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of a cDNA encoding a plastid-localized heat shock protein in Maize [J]. Plant Physiol., 1990.93:1321-1328.
    204 Nishihiro J, Wsahitani I.Patterns and consequences of stigma height variation in a natural population of a distylous plant, Primula sieboldii [J]. Functional Ecology, 2000(14):502-512.
    205 Nishizawa A, Yabuta Y, Yoshida E, Maruta T, Yoshimura K, Shigeoka S. Arabidopsis heat shock transcription factor A2 as a key regulator in response to several types of environmental stress[J]. The Plant Journal, 2006, 48:535-547.
    206 Nover L, Bharti K, Doring P, Mishra SK, Ganguli A, Scharf KD. Arabidopsis and the heat stress transcription factor world, how many heat stresstranscription factors do we need [J]. Cell Stress & Chaperones, 2001, 6 (3):177-189.
    207 Nover L, Scharf KD, Gagliardi D, Vergne P, Czarnecka-Verner E, Gurley WB.The Hsf world, classification and properties of plant heat stress transcription factors [J]. Cell Stress & Chaperones, 1996, 7 (4):275-223.
    208 Ogawa D, Yamaguchi K, Nishiuchi T. High-level overexpression of the Arabidopsis HsfA2 gene confers not only increased themotolerance but also salt, osmotic stress tolerance and enhanced callus growth [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2007, 58(12):3373-3383.
    209 Oh HS, Chun JY, Lee MS, Min KH, Lee SH, Cheon CI. Role of hsfA gene on host-specificity by Bradyrhizobium japonicum in a broad range of tropical legumes [J]. Can. J. Microbiol., 2000, 46: 81-84.
    210 Oh HS, Son O, Chun JY, Stacey G, Lee MS, Min KH, Cheon CI. The Bradyrhizobium japonicum hsfA gene exhibits a unique developmental expression pattern in cowpea nodules [J]. Mpmi., 2001,14(11): 1286-1292.
    211 Ohtani M,Terauchi H, Nishihiro J, Ueno S, TsumuraY, Washitani I. Population and genetic status of Primula kisoana var. kisoana, a local endemic of the northern Kanto region[J]. Plant species biology, 2005, 20(3):209-218.
    212 Okayama Y, Nagai M. Testing the assortative mating hypothesis on a variation maintenance mechanism for flowering time within a forest-floor population of Primula sieboldii[J]. Plant Species Biology, 2003, (18):1-11.
    213 Panikulangara TJ, Eggers-Schumacher G, Wunderlich M, Stransky H, Schof F. Galactinol S. Anovel heat shock factor target gene responsible for heat-induced synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Physiology, 2004, 136:3148-3158.
    214 Paul G, Robert W, Sinclair B. High differentiated populations of the narrow endemic plant maguire primrose(Primula maguirei) [J]. Conservation Biology, 1997, 11(2):375-381.
    215 Peng N, Su HS. Genetic diversity in Primula obconica(Primulaceae) from central and south-west China as revealed by ISSR makers[J].Annals of Botany, 2003, 91:329-333.
    216 Ramakrishna W, Deng Z, Ding CK, Handa AK, Ozminkowski RH. A novel small heat shock protein gene, vis1, contributes to pectin depolymerization and juice viscosity in tomato fruit [J].Plant Physiol., 2003, 131(2):725-735.
    217 Richards J. Primula [M].Poland,OR:Timber Press,1993.
    218 Ritossa FM.A new puffing pattern induced by heat shock and DNP in Drosophilia [J].Experientia, 1962, 18: 571-573.
    219 Robbins AL, Louzada ES. Expression analysis of a cold responsive transcript from trifoliate orange by real-time PCR and RT-PCR [J]. Plant Cell Rep., 2005, 24(10):612-618.
    220 Roy H. Rubisco assemblies: A model system for studying the mechanism of chaperonin action [J]. Plant Cell, 1989, 1:1035-1042.
    221 Scharf KD, Heider H, Hohfeld I, Lyck R, SchmidTE, Nover L. The tomato Hsf system HsfA2 needs interaction with HsfA1 for efficient nuclear import and may be localized in cytoplasmic heat stress granules [J].Molecular and Cellular Biology, 1998:2240-2251.
    222 Scharf KD, Rose S, Thierfelder J, Nover L. Two cDNAs for tomato heat stress transcription factors [J]. Plant Physiol., 1993, 102: 1355-1356.
    223 Scharf KD, Rose S, Zott W, Schoff F, Nover L. Three tomato genes code for heat stress transcription factors with a region of remarkable homology to the DNA-binding domain of the yeast HSF [J]. The EMBO Journal, 1990, 19(13): 4495-4501.
    224 Schramm F, Ganguli A, Kiehlmann E, Englich G, Walch D, Koskull-Doring P. The heat stress transcription factor HsfA2 serves as a regulatory amplifier of a subset of genes in the heat stress response in Arabidopsis [J].Plant Molecular Biology, 2006, 60:759-772.
    225 Sharon J, Keeler M. Acquired thermo tolerance and expression of the HSP10/CipB genes of lima beam [J]. Plant physiology, 2002, 123(3):1121-1132
    226 Sharp PJ, Chao S, Desai S, Gale MD. The isolation, characterization and application in Triticeae of a set of wheat RFLP probes identifying each homoecologous chromosome arm[J]. Theor. Appl. Genet., 1989, 78: 342-348.
    227 Shen H, Tang Y, Washitani U. Morphological plasticity of Primula nutans to hummock and hollow microsites in an alpine wetland [J].Journal of Plant Research, 2006, 119 (3):257-264.
    228 Shimomo A, Ueno S. Characterization of microsatellite loci in Primula modesta Bisset et Morre(Primulaceae) [J].Molecular Ecology, 2004,(4):560-562.
    229 Shimono A,Ueno S,Tsumura Y, Washitani I. Spatial genetic structure links between soil seed banks and above-ground populations of Primula modesta in subalpine grassland [J]. The Journal of Ecology, 2006, 94(1):77-86
    230 Shravan KM, Joanna T. In the complete family of the heat stress transcription factors, HsfA1 has a unique role as master regulator of thermo tolerance in tomato [J].Genes Develpoment,2002,16(2): 1555-1567.
    231 Simioniuc D, Uptmoor R. Genetic diversity and relationship among pea cultivars revealed by RAPDs and AFLPs [J].Plant breeding, 2002, 121:429-435.
    232 Song CY.Selection of pure lines with various growth and flowering characteristics in Primulapolyantha [J].Kor. J.Hort. Sci. Technol., 2005, 23(1):89-96.
    233 Sun Y, Bojikova-Fournier S, MacRae TH.Structural and functional roles for beta-strand 7 in the alpha-crystallin domain of p26, a polydisperse small heat shock protein from Artemia franciscana [J]. FEBS J., 2006, 273(5):1020-1034.
    234Swinde WR, Huebner M, Weber AP. Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis heat shock proteins and transcription factors reveals extensive overlap between heat and non-heat stress response pathways [J]. BMC Genomics, 2007, 8: 1- 15.
    235 Tanksley SD, McCouch SR. Seed bank and molecular maps: unlocking genetic potential from the wild. Science, 1997, 277: 1063-1066.
    236 Tissieres A, Mitchell HK, Tracy UM. Protein synthesis in salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster: relation to chromosome puffs.Journal of Molecular Biology, 1974 , 84:389-398.
    237 Tokalov SV,Kind B,Wollenweber E,Gutzeit HO.Biological effects of epicuticular flavonoids from Primula denticulata on human leukemia cells [J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004, 52(2):239-245.
    238 Ueno S, Tsumura Y. Development of microsatellite markers for Primula sieboldii E. Morren, a threatened Japanese perennial herb[J]. Conservation Genetics, 2003, 4: 809-811.
    239 Ueki T, Inouy S. Transcriptional activation of a heat-shock gene, lonD, of Myxococcus xanthus by a two component histidine-aspartate phosphorelay system [J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002, 277(8):6170-6177.
    240 Van Rossum F, Echchgadda G, Szabadi I, Triest L. Commonness and long-term survival in fragmented habit: Primula elatior as a study case [J].Conservation Biology,2002,16:1286-1295.
    241 Van Rossum F, De Sousa SC, Triest L. Genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation in an agricultural landscape on the common Primula veris, and comparison with its rare congener, P. vulgaris [J].Conservation Genetics, 2004, 5:211-245.
    242 Van Rossum F, Triest L.Within-population genetic variation in the distylous Primula veris: Does floral morph anisoplethy matter in fragmented habitats? [J]. Evolution and Systematics, 2006, 7(4):263-273.
    243 Visi G, Maestri E, Marmiroli N. Differential display mediated isolation of a genomic sequence for a putative mitochondria) LMWHSP specifically express in condition of induced thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Plant MolecularBio1ogy, 1997, 34: 517-527.
    244 Vos P, HogersR, Bleeker M, Reijans M, Lee T, Hornes M, Frijters A, Pot J, Peleman J, Kuiper M, Zabeau M. AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting [J].Nucleic Acids Res.,1995, 23: 4407-4414.
    245 Wang YG, Reighard L, LayneDR, Abbott AG, Huang HW.Inheritance of AFLP markers and their use for genetic diversity analysis in wild and domesticated pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal ] [J].J. Amer.Soc.Sci., 2005, 130:561-568.
    246 Watanabe A, Hirai A. Two uncoupling protein genes of rice (Oryza sativa L.): molecular study reveals the defects in the pre-mRNA processing for the heat-generating proteins of the subtropical cereal [J]. Planta, 2002, 215(1):90-100.
    247 Waters ER, Lee GJ, Vierling E. Evolution, structure and function of the small heat shock proteins in plants [J] . Journal of Experimental Botany, 1996, 47:325-338.
    248 Wright S. Variable within and among natural populations [M].Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1951.
    249 Wsahitani I, Ishihama F.Conservation ecology of Primula sieboldii: synthesis of information towards the prediction of the genetic/demographic fate of a population [J].Plant Species Biology,2005, 20:3-15.
    250 Wunderlich M, Werr W, Schoef F. Generation of dominant-negative effects on the heat shock response in Arabidopsis thaliana by transgenic expression of a chimaeric HSF1 protein fusion construct [J]. The Plant Journal, 2003, 35:442-451.
    251 Xiao L, Wang TY, Chiang N, Roux G, HaoX J.Genetic diversity of wild banana (Musa balbisiana Colla) in China as revealed by AFLP markers [J].Genet. Resource Crop, 2006, 53:193-198.
    252 Xu HM, Mei YJ, Hu J, Zhu J, Gong P.Sampling a core collection of island cotton(Gossypium barbadense L.) based on the genotypic values of fiber traits [J].Genetic resources and crop evolution , 2006, 53: 515-521.
    253 Xue DW, Ge XJ, Hao G.High genetic diversity in a rare, narrowly endemic Primrose species: Primula interjacens by ISSR analysis [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2004, 46:1163-1169.
    254 Yamamoto M, Tomita T, Onjo M, Ishihata K, Kubo T, Tominaga S, Yonemoto Y. Genetic diversity of white sapote (Casimiroa edulis La Llave& Lex.) demonstrated by inter simple sequence repeat analysis [J]. HortScience, 2007, 42:1329-1331.
    255 Yeh FC, Boyle T, Yang RC, YeZ, Xiyan JM. POPGENE, the user friendly shareware for population generic analysis, version 1.32. University of Alberta and Centre for International Forestry Research, 2002.
    256 Yoshioka Y, Iwata H, Ohsawa R, Ninomiya S. Quantitative evaluation of flower colour pattern by image analysis and principal component analysis of Primula sieboldii E. Morren. Euphytica. 2005, 139: 179-186
    257Yoshioka Y, Iwata H, Ohsawa R, Ninomiya S. Quantitative evaluation of the petal shape variation in Primula sieboldii caused by breeding process in the last 300 years [J].Heredity, 2005 ,94(6):657- 663.
    258 Yoshioka Y, Iwata H, Ohsawa R, Ninomiya S. Analysis of petal shape variation of Primula sieboldii by elliptic fourier descriptors and principal component analysis[J]. Annals of Botany,2004, 94(5): 657- 664.
    259 Zhang J, Turley RB, Stewart JM. Comparative analysis of gene expression between CMS-D8 restored plants and normal non-restoring fertile plants in cotton by differential display [J]. Plant Cell Rep., 2008, 27(3):553-561.
    260 Zhao KG, Zhou MQ, Chen LQ, Zhang DL, Robert GW. Genetic diversity and discrimination of Chimonanthus praecox(L.) Link germplasm using ISSR and RAPD markers [J]. HortScience, 2007, 42:1144-1148.
    261 Zhang LB, Comes HP, Kadereit JW. Phylogeny and quaternary history of the European montane/alpine endemic Soldanella (Primulaceae) based on ITS and AFLP variation[J].American Journal of Botany,2001,88:2331-2345.
    262 Zhang LB, Comes HP, Kadereit JW. The temporal course of quaternary diversification in the european high mountain endemic Primula sect. Auricula (Primulaceae) [J]. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2004, 165:191-207.
    263 Zhang LB, Kadereit JW. Classification of Primula sect. Auricula (Primulaceae) based on two molecular data sets (ITS, AFLPs), morphology and geographical distribution [J]. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 146(1):1-26.
    264 Zhang LB, Kadereit JW.Typification and synonymization in Primula sect. Auricula (Primulaceae) [J]. Taxon, 2005, 54(3):775-788.
    265 Zhang XY, Li CW, Wang LF, Wang HM, You GX. Dong YS.An estimation of the minimum number of SSR alleles needed to reveal genetic relationships in wheat varieties:information fromlarge-scale planted varieties and corner-stone breeding parents in Chinese wheat improvement and production [J] Theor. Appl. Genet., 2002, 106: 112-117.
    266 Zhang ZY, Zheng XM, Ge S. Population genetic structure of Vitex negundo (Verbenaceae) in three-gorge area of the Yangtze River: the impact of rivers on gene flow in plants [J]. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2007, 35:506-516.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700