某预警软件系统项目实施的计划与控制研究
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摘要
某预警软件系统是进行国家相关安全战略决策的保障,如何应用项目管理的先进理论和技术方法,使该预警软件系统得到高效开发和实施,保证预警软件系统的如期交付和高质量应用,将是本课题研究的最终目标。
本文针对该预警软件系统项目的计划、组织、控制等管理过程展开研究。运用项目管理中的进度计划控制理论,阐述了进度计划管理的特点和进度控制依据的原理;应用网络计划技术,如关键路径法和计划评审技术等对某预警软件系统项目的计划和控制管理进行了分析。此外,本文还应用挣值分析等成本控制方法,对项目的成本和费用的最优控制进行探讨。
本文首先阐述了项目计划和控制管理在该预警软件系统项目中的必要性,然后研究了计划和控制管理方法在该预警软件系统中的选择和应用,最后针对预警软件系统项目管理中存在的问题提出了最优计划控制管理模型。
The establishment of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT is mainly aimed at providing early warning analysis for the supply and demand situation and its impact, providing accurate, timely and reliable information to support the decision-making of macroeconomic regulation and control of food, and providing a scientific analysis system to ensure national food security. The EWS project involves the natural sciences, social economics, systems engineering, computer science, management and many other knowledge subjects. Its development, which involves a wide range of research, is a difficult and complex work, and needs for effective resources integration and good planning supervision and control. Therefore, planning control and management of the EWS project is of great complexity and challenge.
In the 21st century, it is a big trend that the software project management is introduced in the developing activities and its efficient administration. Through the management of costs, personnel, schedule, quality and risk during the process of software development, it will ensure the software project being successfully completed with predicted cost, schedule and quality. The rational planning control and management is an important part in a software engineering project. And how to apply the appropriate software project management theory with flexibility becomes one of the key problems in software development project. Scholars at home and abroad had done a great deal of research in schedule planning and control technology of the software development process. They achieved fruitful results in the standard content and tools platform of predictive control of the software engineering, but lacked of systematic research in the specific methods of process control. This paper used modern project management theory and methods, combined with planning control and management of the Early Warning software Project. Based on the analysis and comparison of the management indicators and efficiency, by using different project management methods, it tried to investigate and propose the suitable management method for software project progress control, and donated to the effective development and management of large-scale software project.
For the first time, this paper introduced the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT management from the point of view of the combination of planning and cost control, and applied specific planning and control methods in the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT.
At first,described the background and foundation of this study, present status a, and the research content and framework. The article reviewed and forecasted the situation of research in the software developing project management at home and abroad, roughly sited forth the prospect of planning control and management in the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project.Mmainly analyzed present status, the problems and related reasons of them in the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project, so as to raise the importance of planning control and management, and the urgency of scientific project planning control and management. The article began with describing the planning and control methods used in the current project management, and then pointed out the simplicity and defects of existing methods by indicating that it is the reason of lack of standardization in project management and problems in scheduling. The article indicated the need of seeking effective planning control methods in project scheduling, cost and quality control. It fully demonstrated the importance of planning control and management in the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project.
On the seeond, described the study of scheduling of system implementation. The article clarified the developing process of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project: determined the project objective, organizational structure, project milestones; decomposed the WBS work; determined the relationship between the works; estimated the workload, worked out project plans and human resource planning; analyzed the project cost. In this chapter, the authors chose and analyzed the schedule planning management methods based on the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project. By using and comparing with Gantt charts, network diagrams, PERT and critical path methods, the study provided the evidence for the final planning control the optimal model.
And then ,detailed the study of the process control of system implementation. According to the characteristics of the progress control management for the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project, firstly, it detail analyzed the basic procedures of project schedule control, main contents, functions, and the basic model of project schedule control; and then specifically addressed the control methods of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project. Based on detail introduction of the control methods of the time limit for the project, in connection with the characteristics of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT and schedule delay situations, the article optimized the development schedule by using the methods as adjusting the working relationship and transferring of critical path. With respect to the project cost control, it analyzed the content, basic parameters and related analysis functions of the Earned Value Analysis. Combined with the resource consumption and cost budget of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project, it calculated and analyzed the one-time costs control, in order to achieve clear and unified effects.
Finally, the author evaluated of the operation of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT and pointed out how to optimize the system. First, the study gave out characteristics and difficulties of the project planning control and management. Second, it analyzed effects of the planning control and management, and problems in detail. And then, it proposed the countermeasures for establishment of the progress early warning systems, dynamic control and coordination administration. And finally, based on principles, processes, and effective methods of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project schedule planning, it initially proposed the optimal model for planning control and management.
In summary, this paper selected planning control and management of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT as the point cut, used of modern management theory and project management knowledge, linked with practice, combined common management theory with specific software project management. By using the schedule, cost and quality control methods, it provided systematic analysis, practical application, and better solution of existing problems in the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT. With introducing the advanced project management concepts and methods, this study could play a significant role in the successful implementation of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project.
本文针对该预警软件系统项目的计划、组织、控制等管理过程展开研究。运用项目管理中的进度计划控制理论,阐述了进度计划管理的特点和进度控制依据的原理;应用网络计划技术,如关键路径法和计划评审技术等对某预警软件系统项目的计划和控制管理进行了分析。此外,本文还应用挣值分析等成本控制方法,对项目的成本和费用的最优控制进行探讨。
本文首先阐述了项目计划和控制管理在该预警软件系统项目中的必要性,然后研究了计划和控制管理方法在该预警软件系统中的选择和应用,最后针对预警软件系统项目管理中存在的问题提出了最优计划控制管理模型。
The establishment of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT is mainly aimed at providing early warning analysis for the supply and demand situation and its impact, providing accurate, timely and reliable information to support the decision-making of macroeconomic regulation and control of food, and providing a scientific analysis system to ensure national food security. The EWS project involves the natural sciences, social economics, systems engineering, computer science, management and many other knowledge subjects. Its development, which involves a wide range of research, is a difficult and complex work, and needs for effective resources integration and good planning supervision and control. Therefore, planning control and management of the EWS project is of great complexity and challenge.
In the 21st century, it is a big trend that the software project management is introduced in the developing activities and its efficient administration. Through the management of costs, personnel, schedule, quality and risk during the process of software development, it will ensure the software project being successfully completed with predicted cost, schedule and quality. The rational planning control and management is an important part in a software engineering project. And how to apply the appropriate software project management theory with flexibility becomes one of the key problems in software development project. Scholars at home and abroad had done a great deal of research in schedule planning and control technology of the software development process. They achieved fruitful results in the standard content and tools platform of predictive control of the software engineering, but lacked of systematic research in the specific methods of process control. This paper used modern project management theory and methods, combined with planning control and management of the Early Warning software Project. Based on the analysis and comparison of the management indicators and efficiency, by using different project management methods, it tried to investigate and propose the suitable management method for software project progress control, and donated to the effective development and management of large-scale software project.
For the first time, this paper introduced the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT management from the point of view of the combination of planning and cost control, and applied specific planning and control methods in the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT.
At first,described the background and foundation of this study, present status a, and the research content and framework. The article reviewed and forecasted the situation of research in the software developing project management at home and abroad, roughly sited forth the prospect of planning control and management in the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project.Mmainly analyzed present status, the problems and related reasons of them in the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project, so as to raise the importance of planning control and management, and the urgency of scientific project planning control and management. The article began with describing the planning and control methods used in the current project management, and then pointed out the simplicity and defects of existing methods by indicating that it is the reason of lack of standardization in project management and problems in scheduling. The article indicated the need of seeking effective planning control methods in project scheduling, cost and quality control. It fully demonstrated the importance of planning control and management in the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project.
On the seeond, described the study of scheduling of system implementation. The article clarified the developing process of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project: determined the project objective, organizational structure, project milestones; decomposed the WBS work; determined the relationship between the works; estimated the workload, worked out project plans and human resource planning; analyzed the project cost. In this chapter, the authors chose and analyzed the schedule planning management methods based on the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project. By using and comparing with Gantt charts, network diagrams, PERT and critical path methods, the study provided the evidence for the final planning control the optimal model.
And then ,detailed the study of the process control of system implementation. According to the characteristics of the progress control management for the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project, firstly, it detail analyzed the basic procedures of project schedule control, main contents, functions, and the basic model of project schedule control; and then specifically addressed the control methods of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project. Based on detail introduction of the control methods of the time limit for the project, in connection with the characteristics of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT and schedule delay situations, the article optimized the development schedule by using the methods as adjusting the working relationship and transferring of critical path. With respect to the project cost control, it analyzed the content, basic parameters and related analysis functions of the Earned Value Analysis. Combined with the resource consumption and cost budget of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project, it calculated and analyzed the one-time costs control, in order to achieve clear and unified effects.
Finally, the author evaluated of the operation of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT and pointed out how to optimize the system. First, the study gave out characteristics and difficulties of the project planning control and management. Second, it analyzed effects of the planning control and management, and problems in detail. And then, it proposed the countermeasures for establishment of the progress early warning systems, dynamic control and coordination administration. And finally, based on principles, processes, and effective methods of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project schedule planning, it initially proposed the optimal model for planning control and management.
In summary, this paper selected planning control and management of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT as the point cut, used of modern management theory and project management knowledge, linked with practice, combined common management theory with specific software project management. By using the schedule, cost and quality control methods, it provided systematic analysis, practical application, and better solution of existing problems in the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT. With introducing the advanced project management concepts and methods, this study could play a significant role in the successful implementation of the EARLY WARNING SOFTWARE PROJECT project.
引文
[1]HamldKerzner.项目管理:计划、进度和控制的系统方法.杨爱华等译.第7版.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[2]卢向南主编.项目计划与控制.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[3]李银生.项目工作分解结构的理论和应用.北京:工程经济,2004(3) .
[4]王德海主编.现代项目管理的理论与方法一项目管理者操作指南.北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[5]杜嘉伟.哈佛管理模式—项目管理.北京:人民日报出版社,2001.
[6]毕星、翟丽主编.项目管理.上海:复旦大学出版社,2000.
[7]白思俊主编.现代项目管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[8]迈克·菲尔德著.项目管理.长春:东北财经大学出版社,2003.
[9]吴之明,卢有杰.项目管理引论.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[10]杨爱华.现代项目管理导论.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[11](美)克利福德.格雷.项目管理教程.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[12](美)拉乌夫著.实用项目管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[13]罗伯特·K威索基.有效的项目管理.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[14]凯西,施瓦尔贝著,王金玉、时彬译. IT项目管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[15]刘宏志,赵启兰,王玉. IT工程进度控制.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[16]JackGido&JamesP.Clements著.成功的项目管理.张金城等译.21世纪管理经典教学系列.
[17]钱福培,白思俊.中国项目管理知识体系.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[18]金英勋、杨磊、王增东著.如何准备PMP考试.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[19]刘易斯著.项目经理案头手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[20]左美云、周彬编著.实用项目管理与图解.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[21]李剑锋著.项目管理十大误区.北京:中国经济出版社,2003.
[22]Daniel J.Paulish,Architecture-Centric Software Project Management:APractical Guide,1st Edition,2003.3,Peatson Education,lnc.
[23]RogeerS.Pressman.software engineering A Practitioner's Approach ,McGraw-Hill 1999.
[1]韩冰.P3软件在输电迁改项目进度控制中的应用研究.北京:华北电力大学,2008.
[2]王晶.安康电业局用电营销软件项目计划与控制研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[3]刘毅.川藏公路武侯段改扩建项目的进度计划与控制.成都:西南交通大学,2007.
[4]石慧.软件开发项目的进度计划与控制研究.武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[5]宋国佳.六沾铁路复线勘察设计进度计划与控制研究.成都:西南交通大学,2007.
[6]赵青松.南海石化汽电联产项目进度计划与控制研究.武汉:华中科技大学,2006.
[7]谢立.南美轮船信息系统开发项目进度与控制研究.上海:上海海事大学,2007.
[8]曲扬.企业网站建设项目的进度计划与控制研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[9]李丽.青龙场立交桥维修工程项目进度计划与控制.成都:西南交通大学,2008.
[1]赵存超,和倩.基于TOC的计划与控制方法在国内中小企业的应用.管理创新,
[2]乔昆,杨海成,支海波.面向协同制造项目的计划控制方法.管理技术,2008(2).
[3]赵峰,张杰.基于挣值分析的项目绩效评价研究.科技管理研究,2008(2).
[4]黄宝中,李莲靖,吴向东,唐婧鑫.发达国家科技计划项目管理经验及其启示.中国科技论坛,2008(8).
[5]刘志博,马力,郜秋娟.一种基于项目管理进度计划的管理系统.西安邮电学院学报,2000(9).
[6]吴国有.项目管理的计划及控制方法.当代石油石化,2002(8).
[7]Rogers LCG and Williams D.Diffusions,Markov Processes,and Martingales.Vol1 Foundation.Wiley,1994.
[8]Walker Royce.Software Project Management:A Unified Framework,1st Edition.Prentice Education,I.2002,NC.208-211
[2]卢向南主编.项目计划与控制.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[3]李银生.项目工作分解结构的理论和应用.北京:工程经济,2004(3) .
[4]王德海主编.现代项目管理的理论与方法一项目管理者操作指南.北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[5]杜嘉伟.哈佛管理模式—项目管理.北京:人民日报出版社,2001.
[6]毕星、翟丽主编.项目管理.上海:复旦大学出版社,2000.
[7]白思俊主编.现代项目管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[8]迈克·菲尔德著.项目管理.长春:东北财经大学出版社,2003.
[9]吴之明,卢有杰.项目管理引论.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[10]杨爱华.现代项目管理导论.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[11](美)克利福德.格雷.项目管理教程.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[12](美)拉乌夫著.实用项目管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[13]罗伯特·K威索基.有效的项目管理.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[14]凯西,施瓦尔贝著,王金玉、时彬译. IT项目管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[15]刘宏志,赵启兰,王玉. IT工程进度控制.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[16]JackGido&JamesP.Clements著.成功的项目管理.张金城等译.21世纪管理经典教学系列.
[17]钱福培,白思俊.中国项目管理知识体系.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[18]金英勋、杨磊、王增东著.如何准备PMP考试.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[19]刘易斯著.项目经理案头手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[20]左美云、周彬编著.实用项目管理与图解.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[21]李剑锋著.项目管理十大误区.北京:中国经济出版社,2003.
[22]Daniel J.Paulish,Architecture-Centric Software Project Management:APractical Guide,1st Edition,2003.3,Peatson Education,lnc.
[23]RogeerS.Pressman.software engineering A Practitioner's Approach ,McGraw-Hill 1999.
[1]韩冰.P3软件在输电迁改项目进度控制中的应用研究.北京:华北电力大学,2008.
[2]王晶.安康电业局用电营销软件项目计划与控制研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[3]刘毅.川藏公路武侯段改扩建项目的进度计划与控制.成都:西南交通大学,2007.
[4]石慧.软件开发项目的进度计划与控制研究.武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[5]宋国佳.六沾铁路复线勘察设计进度计划与控制研究.成都:西南交通大学,2007.
[6]赵青松.南海石化汽电联产项目进度计划与控制研究.武汉:华中科技大学,2006.
[7]谢立.南美轮船信息系统开发项目进度与控制研究.上海:上海海事大学,2007.
[8]曲扬.企业网站建设项目的进度计划与控制研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[9]李丽.青龙场立交桥维修工程项目进度计划与控制.成都:西南交通大学,2008.
[1]赵存超,和倩.基于TOC的计划与控制方法在国内中小企业的应用.管理创新,
[2]乔昆,杨海成,支海波.面向协同制造项目的计划控制方法.管理技术,2008(2).
[3]赵峰,张杰.基于挣值分析的项目绩效评价研究.科技管理研究,2008(2).
[4]黄宝中,李莲靖,吴向东,唐婧鑫.发达国家科技计划项目管理经验及其启示.中国科技论坛,2008(8).
[5]刘志博,马力,郜秋娟.一种基于项目管理进度计划的管理系统.西安邮电学院学报,2000(9).
[6]吴国有.项目管理的计划及控制方法.当代石油石化,2002(8).
[7]Rogers LCG and Williams D.Diffusions,Markov Processes,and Martingales.Vol1 Foundation.Wiley,1994.
[8]Walker Royce.Software Project Management:A Unified Framework,1st Edition.Prentice Education,I.2002,NC.208-211