B_s介子两体非轻无粲衰变中新物理Z’效应的唯象研究
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摘要
重味物理,尤其是B物理,在验证标准模型理论并测量其基本参数、探索CP破坏起源以及发现新物理存在的迹象或证据等方面发挥着非常重要的作用。B介子系统是研究CP破坏的良好场所,因此B介子衰变及其CP破坏研究成为一个比较活跃的领域。
目前广泛用来处理B介子衰变中非微扰部分的QCD因子化方法在计算末态强子间的衰变矩阵元时会遇到问题,例如在处理硬旁观散射和湮灭贡献时会遇到端点发散问题。为了计算强子矩阵元,我们采用了Cornwall提出的具有动力学质量的红外有限胶子传播子消去端点发散。论文的前三章我们简要地概述了与B介子衰变相关的基础知识(CKM矩阵和幺正三角形,B介子非轻衰变过程中的分支比、各种CP破坏以及三个方向的极化分量,Bd,s-Bd,s混合,重整化、重整化群和算符乘积展开以及B介子非轻衰变的低能有效哈密顿等,最后是几种计算强子矩阵元的方案,包括本文所采用的QCD因子化方案)并简单介绍了代非普适Z′模型。论文的主体部分,主要有两部分组成：
我们首先研究了Bs→KK*衰变过程。基于最新的实验结果,在QCD因子化框架下重新计算了Bs→KK*衰变过程,对于出现在硬旁观散射和湮灭修正中的端点发散问题我们采用了维数参数化和红外有限胶子传播子两种方案处理,并且给出来了Z′玻色子对这些衰变过程的影响。两种方案对某些可观测量给出了不同的预言值,例如Acp dir(Bs→K+K*-),两种方案的准确性将由未来更准确的实验测量来判断。在代非普适Z′模型中,Z′波色子对可观测量可能影响明显。我们利用己被准确测量的Bd0→π+K-过程的可观测量作为限制,在U-spin对称性极限下,Bs→K+K-衰变的分支比和CP不对称被分别严格地限制到[27,33]×10-6和[-16.4%,-8.1%]。
基于上述工作,在QCD因子化框架下,我们又对Bs介子衰变到末态为两个矢量介子的两体非轻无粲衰变过程进行了研究。在最新的实验结果中,Bs→ππ,K*0k*0过程的实验数据和目前的理论预言在两个标准偏差范围内不符。为了消除分歧,我们尝试了两种解决方案：在标准模型中用红外有限传播子处理QCD因子化框架中出现的端点发散,另外就是考虑代非普适Z′模型在这两个过程中的效应。我们发现用红外有限胶子传播子可以解决Bs→ππ分支比问题。对于代非普适Z′模型,我们首先用Bs-Bs混合和Bu,d→πK衰变的最新实验值给出了z′模型的新物理参数PL,R,DL,R和φsL的取值范围,并利用该新物理参数,可以解决B(Bs→ππ,K*0K*0)实验测量和标准模型预言不一致的反常现象,并预测那些没有被实验测量的物理量。此外,我们还利用了Bs-Bs混合和Bu,d→φK衰变的最新实验值给出了Z’模型的另外一组新物理参数SL,R和φsL。然而,关于极化分量,无论采用红外有限胶子传播子还是代非普适Z’模型都不能解决实验数据和理论预言之间的不一致性。最后,我们发现由于Bs→φφ,φρ,ωφ衰变过程的可观测量受Z’的影响很大,因此非常适合用来检验和寻找新物理模型。
Heavy flavor physics, especially the B physics, are of crucial importance to test the Standard Model (SM), pursue the origin of the CP violation and search for signals of New Physics (NP). B physics is a perfect region for studying the CP violation. So, the study of B-meson decays is one of the currently very active researching fields.
At present, the QCD factorization approach is used widely to calculate the non-perturbative part (saying the hadronic matrix elements) of B-meson decays. As is well-known, within QCDF framework, the estimates of the hard-spectator and annihilation corrections, which are numerically important to evaluate the observables, always suffer from end-point divergency. To calculate the hadronic matrix elements, we use the Corn-wall prescription of the infrared finite gluon propagator by introducing a dynamical mass of gluon to avoid enhancements in the soft endpoint region. In this thesis, some basic con-cepts, theoretical tools relevant to B-meson decays (such as the CKM matrix and unitarity triangle, the CP-averaged branching fractions, various CP violations and polarization frac-tions, the renormalization group, the operator product expansion and low-energy effective Haniltonian describing B-meson decays, finally some schemes employed to calculate the hadronic matrix elements including the QCD factorization approach used in the thesis) and the introduction of a family non-universal Z' model are briefly summarized in the first three chapters. Then, we present the main body of the thesis, which is composed of the following parts:
Firstly, motivated by the up-to-date experimental data, we revisit the Bs→KK(*) decays within QCDF formalism with two schemes (the phenomenological parameterization and the finite gluon propagator) to deal with the end-point divergency in hard spectator and annihilation corrections, and evaluate the effects of a family non-universal Z' boson on these decays. We find that the two schemes present different predictions for some observ-ables, such as Acp/dir(Bs→K+K*-), which could be judged by the future accurate measure-ments. Within a family non-universal Z' model, the observables could be easily enhanced or reduced by the Z' contributions. In addition, With the well measured observables of Bd/o→π+K-decay as constraints, in the limit of U-spin symmetry, the branching fraction and direct CP asymmetry of Bs→K+K-decay are seriously restricted to [27,33] x10-6and [-16.4%,-8.1%], respectively.
Based on the above work, using the QCD factorization approach, we present a detailed investigation for two-body hadronic charmless Bs meson decays to two vectors mesons. The up-to-date experimental data of Bs→ππ, K*0K*0decays data are not consistent with the present theoretical predictions. In order to remove the discrepancy, We pursue possible solutions within QCDF formalism with the infrared finite gluon propagator to deal with the end-point divergence in hard spectator and annihilation corrections and within a family non-universal Z' model. We find B(Bs→ππ) can be explained within QCDF formalism with the infrared finite gluon propagator. With the Z' parameters from the constraint by Bs-Bs mixing and Bu,d→πK decays, our predictions for B(Bs→ππ,K*0K*0) are all consistent with the available experimental data within errors. However, the predictions for the polarization fractions deviate from the experimental data, too. Moreover, Bs→ΦΦ,Φρ, ωΦ decays are sensitive to the Z' contributions and are very suitable to probe NP model.
目前广泛用来处理B介子衰变中非微扰部分的QCD因子化方法在计算末态强子间的衰变矩阵元时会遇到问题,例如在处理硬旁观散射和湮灭贡献时会遇到端点发散问题。为了计算强子矩阵元,我们采用了Cornwall提出的具有动力学质量的红外有限胶子传播子消去端点发散。论文的前三章我们简要地概述了与B介子衰变相关的基础知识(CKM矩阵和幺正三角形,B介子非轻衰变过程中的分支比、各种CP破坏以及三个方向的极化分量,Bd,s-Bd,s混合,重整化、重整化群和算符乘积展开以及B介子非轻衰变的低能有效哈密顿等,最后是几种计算强子矩阵元的方案,包括本文所采用的QCD因子化方案)并简单介绍了代非普适Z′模型。论文的主体部分,主要有两部分组成：
我们首先研究了Bs→KK*衰变过程。基于最新的实验结果,在QCD因子化框架下重新计算了Bs→KK*衰变过程,对于出现在硬旁观散射和湮灭修正中的端点发散问题我们采用了维数参数化和红外有限胶子传播子两种方案处理,并且给出来了Z′玻色子对这些衰变过程的影响。两种方案对某些可观测量给出了不同的预言值,例如Acp dir(Bs→K+K*-),两种方案的准确性将由未来更准确的实验测量来判断。在代非普适Z′模型中,Z′波色子对可观测量可能影响明显。我们利用己被准确测量的Bd0→π+K-过程的可观测量作为限制,在U-spin对称性极限下,Bs→K+K-衰变的分支比和CP不对称被分别严格地限制到[27,33]×10-6和[-16.4%,-8.1%]。
基于上述工作,在QCD因子化框架下,我们又对Bs介子衰变到末态为两个矢量介子的两体非轻无粲衰变过程进行了研究。在最新的实验结果中,Bs→ππ,K*0k*0过程的实验数据和目前的理论预言在两个标准偏差范围内不符。为了消除分歧,我们尝试了两种解决方案：在标准模型中用红外有限传播子处理QCD因子化框架中出现的端点发散,另外就是考虑代非普适Z′模型在这两个过程中的效应。我们发现用红外有限胶子传播子可以解决Bs→ππ分支比问题。对于代非普适Z′模型,我们首先用Bs-Bs混合和Bu,d→πK衰变的最新实验值给出了z′模型的新物理参数PL,R,DL,R和φsL的取值范围,并利用该新物理参数,可以解决B(Bs→ππ,K*0K*0)实验测量和标准模型预言不一致的反常现象,并预测那些没有被实验测量的物理量。此外,我们还利用了Bs-Bs混合和Bu,d→φK衰变的最新实验值给出了Z’模型的另外一组新物理参数SL,R和φsL。然而,关于极化分量,无论采用红外有限胶子传播子还是代非普适Z’模型都不能解决实验数据和理论预言之间的不一致性。最后,我们发现由于Bs→φφ,φρ,ωφ衰变过程的可观测量受Z’的影响很大,因此非常适合用来检验和寻找新物理模型。
Heavy flavor physics, especially the B physics, are of crucial importance to test the Standard Model (SM), pursue the origin of the CP violation and search for signals of New Physics (NP). B physics is a perfect region for studying the CP violation. So, the study of B-meson decays is one of the currently very active researching fields.
At present, the QCD factorization approach is used widely to calculate the non-perturbative part (saying the hadronic matrix elements) of B-meson decays. As is well-known, within QCDF framework, the estimates of the hard-spectator and annihilation corrections, which are numerically important to evaluate the observables, always suffer from end-point divergency. To calculate the hadronic matrix elements, we use the Corn-wall prescription of the infrared finite gluon propagator by introducing a dynamical mass of gluon to avoid enhancements in the soft endpoint region. In this thesis, some basic con-cepts, theoretical tools relevant to B-meson decays (such as the CKM matrix and unitarity triangle, the CP-averaged branching fractions, various CP violations and polarization frac-tions, the renormalization group, the operator product expansion and low-energy effective Haniltonian describing B-meson decays, finally some schemes employed to calculate the hadronic matrix elements including the QCD factorization approach used in the thesis) and the introduction of a family non-universal Z' model are briefly summarized in the first three chapters. Then, we present the main body of the thesis, which is composed of the following parts:
Firstly, motivated by the up-to-date experimental data, we revisit the Bs→KK(*) decays within QCDF formalism with two schemes (the phenomenological parameterization and the finite gluon propagator) to deal with the end-point divergency in hard spectator and annihilation corrections, and evaluate the effects of a family non-universal Z' boson on these decays. We find that the two schemes present different predictions for some observ-ables, such as Acp/dir(Bs→K+K*-), which could be judged by the future accurate measure-ments. Within a family non-universal Z' model, the observables could be easily enhanced or reduced by the Z' contributions. In addition, With the well measured observables of Bd/o→π+K-decay as constraints, in the limit of U-spin symmetry, the branching fraction and direct CP asymmetry of Bs→K+K-decay are seriously restricted to [27,33] x10-6and [-16.4%,-8.1%], respectively.
Based on the above work, using the QCD factorization approach, we present a detailed investigation for two-body hadronic charmless Bs meson decays to two vectors mesons. The up-to-date experimental data of Bs→ππ, K*0K*0decays data are not consistent with the present theoretical predictions. In order to remove the discrepancy, We pursue possible solutions within QCDF formalism with the infrared finite gluon propagator to deal with the end-point divergence in hard spectator and annihilation corrections and within a family non-universal Z' model. We find B(Bs→ππ) can be explained within QCDF formalism with the infrared finite gluon propagator. With the Z' parameters from the constraint by Bs-Bs mixing and Bu,d→πK decays, our predictions for B(Bs→ππ,K*0K*0) are all consistent with the available experimental data within errors. However, the predictions for the polarization fractions deviate from the experimental data, too. Moreover, Bs→ΦΦ,Φρ, ωΦ decays are sensitive to the Z' contributions and are very suitable to probe NP model.
引文
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