基于非最大纠缠态的量子通讯理论的研究
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摘要
随着科学技术的进步,量子信息学成了近期物理研究中一个被关注的研究领域,它利用量子力学理论来研究信息理论,是量子力学新的应用与发展。在本论文前3章中,较为系统地介绍了量子信息理论的基础知识、量子纠缠等内容。在第4章中,较为详细地阐述了对于N量子比特体系中一般W态的各方面的研究。在计算了这个一般W态任意两个量子比特的concurrence之后,给出了整个体系的concurrence,由于这个态是非最大纠缠态,所以它的总concurrence是小于1的;之后利用这个非最大纠缠态完成了量子态的传输和制备;接下来给出了一个可以通过任意多量子位实现相应量子态的理想传输的方案,利用这个方案可以给出很多能够实现理想传态的非最大纠缠态。在这章中,还给出了一个制备N量子比特一般W态的方案。这个方案可以利用模式纠缠来实现量子态的传输。在第5章中,提出了一个在一般高维量子体系中的解码和编码方案,由于研究体系越来越复杂,因此用来描述体系的量子位的维数也越来越高,这个方案通过对一般高维量子体系的讨论,实现了在这些处于非最大纠缠态的高维量子体系中的编码和解码。在第6章里,考虑在利用量子态演化来制备Bell态的过程中,由于测不准原理,对时间的操作是不可能极其精准的,于是时间上的偏差便不可避免的出现了。这样就使得利用这个过程而制备出的Bell态在量子态的传输上面会出现偏差,于是在这章,针对这个实际问题进行了计算,探讨了在这个制备出的态是非最大纠缠的类Bell态的情况下,量子态传输的实现概率等问题。在第7章,研究的对象是量子态和量子纠缠在不同体系间进行转移的问题。考虑到光子作为态的传输载体具有快捷、方便控制的优点,而原子作为量子态的存储载体是比较稳定的,可以使得量子态或量子纠缠较长时间存在。由此利用光子与原子相互作用的体系为研究对象。利用对从简单的一个光子和一个原子的相互作用体系到复杂的一对纠缠光子与四个可分三能级原子相互作用体系的研究,给出了可以概率的实现将光子的量子态存储到原子上的结论。
With the development of the technology, quantum information theory which is based on the quantum mechanics, becomes a new active field recently. In Chapters 1, 2 and 3, it discusses some fundamental elements of quantum informatics and quantum entanglement. In Chapter 4, it discusses the N-qubit general W state. With the concurrence, it demonstrates that the quantum state transmission could be accomplished by the non-maximal entangled states. Then it proposes a perfect transfer scheme with arbitrary particles and a scheme for preparing the N-qubit general W state. In Chapter 5, it proposes a scheme for coding and decoding in high-dimensional quantum systems, which is then applied to the non-maximal entangled systems. In Chapter 6, it concerns on the time departures that are resulted by the inaccurate-measure theory in Bell state preparing process and gives a scheme for applying them to quantum states transfer. In Chapter 7, the state transfer or the entanglement transmission between photons and atoms has been proposed. Some kinds of systems of photons and∧-type atoms are analyzed and the successful probabilities are obtained.
With the development of the technology, quantum information theory which is based on the quantum mechanics, becomes a new active field recently. In Chapters 1, 2 and 3, it discusses some fundamental elements of quantum informatics and quantum entanglement. In Chapter 4, it discusses the N-qubit general W state. With the concurrence, it demonstrates that the quantum state transmission could be accomplished by the non-maximal entangled states. Then it proposes a perfect transfer scheme with arbitrary particles and a scheme for preparing the N-qubit general W state. In Chapter 5, it proposes a scheme for coding and decoding in high-dimensional quantum systems, which is then applied to the non-maximal entangled systems. In Chapter 6, it concerns on the time departures that are resulted by the inaccurate-measure theory in Bell state preparing process and gives a scheme for applying them to quantum states transfer. In Chapter 7, the state transfer or the entanglement transmission between photons and atoms has been proposed. Some kinds of systems of photons and∧-type atoms are analyzed and the successful probabilities are obtained.
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