嵌入式桥梁坍塌监测系统设计与研究
摘要
随着经济的发展和桥梁的增加,桥梁监测越来越受到政府和工程界重视。桥梁建成以后,由于受气候、环境因素的影响,结构材料会被腐蚀和逐渐老化,长期的静、动力荷载作用,使其强度和刚度随着时间的增加而降低。这不仅会影响行车安全,更会使桥梁的使用寿命缩短。对桥梁结构的健康状况进行检测与监测,并在此基础上对其安全性能进行评估是桥梁运营日常管理的重要内容。
本文对桥梁坍塌监测系统进行了可行性分析,制定了系统的数据采集方案,确定现场控制系统和远程数据传输的方式,并提出主控制室的架构组成,从而给出了桥梁坍塌监测系统的总体设计方案。
主要研究了桥梁坍塌监测系统中的现场控制系统,确立使用具有强大的扩展功能的飞思卡尔公司的MCF5272嵌入式芯片作为核心处理单元。详细分析了硬件系统的设计方案,硬件组成包括:(1)MCF5272主控系统的总体架构:复位电路、SDRAM、Flash与BDM接口等。(2)100M以太网接口和GPRS通信模块。(3)串口扩展电路。
最后,结合实际情况选择了μClinux操作系统作为现场控制系统的重要组成部分,在介绍Bootloader的编译和开发原理的基础上,着重论述操作系统μClinux的裁减、编译、移植和调试等的实现。
综上所述,论文完成了桥梁坍塌监测系统的总体设计,运用嵌入式技术搭建现场处理控制系统,以实现对数据的处理与传输。
Along with the development of economy and increasing of bridge year after year, the Government and the Engineering are paying more attention to the monitoring for the bridge. After a bridge having constructed and opened to traffic, its materials will be deteciorated or aged gradually for the weather and environmental factors, and its strength and stiffness will degrade under the long-term of statistic and dynamic load, thus it will not only endanger the safety of the traffic, but also shorten the life span of the bridge. On the base of bridge structural monitoring, safety assessment is important in bridge daily service.
The theis makes a feasibility analysis about the bridge monitoring system. It work out data acquisition scheme. And definite field control system and long-distance data transmission way. Then the paper proposes the structural composition of the main control room. So, it gives the overall design scheme of the bridge monitoring system.
Analyses the field control system in detail. It presents the whole analytic block by using the Freescale processor MCF5272 as the CPU. The chip has the powerful extension ability. The detail hardware design are presented. The composition includes: (1) the framework of the MCF5272 center system: clock and restoration circuit, SDRAM, Flash, BDM interface circuit and so on. (2) 100M Ethernet interface circuit and GPRS communicate module. (3) ports expand circuit.
At the last chapter, the embedded OSμClinux is selected to be the very important part of the Scene controlling system. The system software part, it puts emphasis on theμClinux operation system, how to cut down, compile, transplant and debugμClinux kernel, and how to realizeμClinux system on the embedded the platform, on the basis of introducing how to compile and develop Bootload.
In summary, the paper completes the overall design of the bridge collapsing monitoring system. To process and transmit the bridge’s data, use the embedded technology to build the field control system.
本文对桥梁坍塌监测系统进行了可行性分析,制定了系统的数据采集方案,确定现场控制系统和远程数据传输的方式,并提出主控制室的架构组成,从而给出了桥梁坍塌监测系统的总体设计方案。
主要研究了桥梁坍塌监测系统中的现场控制系统,确立使用具有强大的扩展功能的飞思卡尔公司的MCF5272嵌入式芯片作为核心处理单元。详细分析了硬件系统的设计方案,硬件组成包括:(1)MCF5272主控系统的总体架构:复位电路、SDRAM、Flash与BDM接口等。(2)100M以太网接口和GPRS通信模块。(3)串口扩展电路。
最后,结合实际情况选择了μClinux操作系统作为现场控制系统的重要组成部分,在介绍Bootloader的编译和开发原理的基础上,着重论述操作系统μClinux的裁减、编译、移植和调试等的实现。
综上所述,论文完成了桥梁坍塌监测系统的总体设计,运用嵌入式技术搭建现场处理控制系统,以实现对数据的处理与传输。
Along with the development of economy and increasing of bridge year after year, the Government and the Engineering are paying more attention to the monitoring for the bridge. After a bridge having constructed and opened to traffic, its materials will be deteciorated or aged gradually for the weather and environmental factors, and its strength and stiffness will degrade under the long-term of statistic and dynamic load, thus it will not only endanger the safety of the traffic, but also shorten the life span of the bridge. On the base of bridge structural monitoring, safety assessment is important in bridge daily service.
The theis makes a feasibility analysis about the bridge monitoring system. It work out data acquisition scheme. And definite field control system and long-distance data transmission way. Then the paper proposes the structural composition of the main control room. So, it gives the overall design scheme of the bridge monitoring system.
Analyses the field control system in detail. It presents the whole analytic block by using the Freescale processor MCF5272 as the CPU. The chip has the powerful extension ability. The detail hardware design are presented. The composition includes: (1) the framework of the MCF5272 center system: clock and restoration circuit, SDRAM, Flash, BDM interface circuit and so on. (2) 100M Ethernet interface circuit and GPRS communicate module. (3) ports expand circuit.
At the last chapter, the embedded OSμClinux is selected to be the very important part of the Scene controlling system. The system software part, it puts emphasis on theμClinux operation system, how to cut down, compile, transplant and debugμClinux kernel, and how to realizeμClinux system on the embedded the platform, on the basis of introducing how to compile and develop Bootload.
In summary, the paper completes the overall design of the bridge collapsing monitoring system. To process and transmit the bridge’s data, use the embedded technology to build the field control system.
引文
[1]符玉梅,陈伟民.朱永桥梁远程状态自动监测技术的研究[J]. 2004, (4): 66-77
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[3]张俊平,姚玲森.桥梁检测[M].北京:人民交通出版社. 2002.10: 150-155
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[5]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2002: 1-10
[6]熊江.三种嵌入式操作系统的分析与比较[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2003(5): 13-15
[7]王俊伟,吴俊海. Linux标准教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2006: 26-45
[8]张启伟.大型桥梁健康监测概念与监测系统设计[J].同济大学学报. 2001.1, 29(1): 65-69
[9]陈保平,苏木标,樊可清.大型桥梁健康监测远程数据采集系统设计[J].石家庄铁道学院学报. 2001. 12, 14 (4): 14-17
[10]邱法维,杜文博等.虎门大桥应变监测数据处理系统设计[J].桥梁建设. 2003(2): 66-69
[11]莫淑华,王殿富.钢筋混凝土桥梁结构健康监测新技术研究[J].桥梁建设. 2003(2): 73-77
[12]杨要恩,王庆敏等.一种结构安全监测及远程数据采集系统的设计[J].国防交通工程与技术. 2004 (3) : 25-28
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[15] Hofmann D, Kohlhoff H,Knapp J, et al. Complex Measurement System for Long-term Monitoring of Prestressed Bridges of the New "Lehrter Bahnhof' in Berlin[A]. Proceedings of SPIE. 2002,:236-241.
[16] Doornink J.D, Phares B.M., Abu-Hawash A., et al. Greimann Remote Health Monitoring of a High Performance Steel Bridge Using Fiber Optic Technology[J]. Bridge EngineeringCenter of the Iowa State University Research Park. 2004.
[17]刘峥嵘,张智超,许振山等.嵌入式Linux应用开发详解[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005
[18]邹思轶.嵌入式Linux设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2002
[19] AMD AM29LV160D User’s Manual[G]
[20]李善平. LINUX与嵌入式系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2003
[21]贺志勇,盛飞.大跨度桥梁的变形检测及其精度分析[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版). 2001.8, 29(8): 86-89
[22] HynixSemiconductou HY57V281620HCT User’s Manual[G]
[23] Realtek Signal Chip Signal Port 10/100M Fast Ethernet Phyceiver RTL8201BL[G]
[24]吴琳冰,刘大茂. GPRS的无线实时数据采集系统的实现[J].天津大学学报. 2004, 37
[25] Jan Axelson.串行端口大全(精英科技)[M].北京:中国电力出版社. 2001
[26] ST16C554DCJ68用户手册[G]
[27] HWD3237用户手册[G]
[28]王学龙.嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2001,
[29]邹思铁.嵌入式Linux设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2002
[30]郑音飞,胡大可.μClinux环境下嵌入式文件系统的实现[J].天津大学学报. 2004, 37.
[31] David Tansley著.张春萌译. Linux与Unix Shell编程指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2000.6
[32]施威铭研究室著. Linux C语言实务[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2002.9. 292-293
[33] http://www.konca.com/elec_embed/μClinux/article/μClinux_os.html
[34]杜小平,周顺平,赵秋荣. Linux下makefile文件的分析[J].现代电子技术. 2004(7): 61-63
[35] LINUX内核五大组成部分[DB/OL]. http://embedlinux.ycool.com/post.2818436.html
[36] http://www.ucliux.org[DB/OL]
[37]陆宝辂,何锐.如何编译μClinux内核[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2002(11). 76-80
[38] Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems[J]. USA: O'Reilly 2003(04). 18-19
[39]刘云峰,刘凡军,缪栋.基于Internet的远程故障诊断系统[J].测试技术. 2004,23(2): 46-48
[40] Samuel Vurpillot, Nicoletta Casanova, Danicle lnaudi, et al. Bridge spatial displacement with 100 Fiber Optic Sensors Deformations: Sensors Network and Prelimininary Results. SPIE. Vo1.3043, 1997: 51-57
[41]华恒CoIdFire 5272嵌入式Linux技术手册[DB/OL].华恒网络技术有限公司. 2002.12~20.Http://www.hhcn.com
[42]黄锐,蔡海文,铿荣辉等.一种同时测量温度和应变的光纤光栅传感器[J].中国激光. 2005, 32(2): 232-235
[43]黎洪生,董军. RS-485总线在结构健康监测系统中的应用[J].微机发展2004 (10):P59-61
[44]高云红,徐文尚等.基于RS485的计算机与多单片机系统串行通信的工程实践[J].南开大学学报. 2005
[45]刘盛辉,邱彦章.嵌入式多路数据采集平台的硬件设计[J].南开大学学报. 2005(10):107-109
[46]陈莉君.深入分析Linux内核源代码[M].北京:人民邮电出版社. 2002
[47]黄承安.基于GPRS的远程仪表监控系统[J].电测与仪表. 2003 (8)
[2]郭玲,张利.桥梁结构健康监测[J].华东公路. 2002, 2(4): 14-17
[3]张俊平,姚玲森.桥梁检测[M].北京:人民交通出版社. 2002.10: 150-155
[4]孙天泽,袁文菊.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社. 2007.1: 1-4
[5]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2002: 1-10
[6]熊江.三种嵌入式操作系统的分析与比较[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2003(5): 13-15
[7]王俊伟,吴俊海. Linux标准教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2006: 26-45
[8]张启伟.大型桥梁健康监测概念与监测系统设计[J].同济大学学报. 2001.1, 29(1): 65-69
[9]陈保平,苏木标,樊可清.大型桥梁健康监测远程数据采集系统设计[J].石家庄铁道学院学报. 2001. 12, 14 (4): 14-17
[10]邱法维,杜文博等.虎门大桥应变监测数据处理系统设计[J].桥梁建设. 2003(2): 66-69
[11]莫淑华,王殿富.钢筋混凝土桥梁结构健康监测新技术研究[J].桥梁建设. 2003(2): 73-77
[12]杨要恩,王庆敏等.一种结构安全监测及远程数据采集系统的设计[J].国防交通工程与技术. 2004 (3) : 25-28
[13] Motorla MCF5272 ColdFire Integrated Microprocessor User’s Manual
[14] Magne Sylvain, Boussoir Jonathan, Rougeault Stephane, et al. Health Monitoring of the Saint-Jean Bridge of Bordeaux, France using Fiber Bragg Grating Extensometers[A]. Proceedings of SPIE. 2003:305-316.
[15] Hofmann D, Kohlhoff H,Knapp J, et al. Complex Measurement System for Long-term Monitoring of Prestressed Bridges of the New "Lehrter Bahnhof' in Berlin[A]. Proceedings of SPIE. 2002,:236-241.
[16] Doornink J.D, Phares B.M., Abu-Hawash A., et al. Greimann Remote Health Monitoring of a High Performance Steel Bridge Using Fiber Optic Technology[J]. Bridge EngineeringCenter of the Iowa State University Research Park. 2004.
[17]刘峥嵘,张智超,许振山等.嵌入式Linux应用开发详解[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005
[18]邹思轶.嵌入式Linux设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2002
[19] AMD AM29LV160D User’s Manual[G]
[20]李善平. LINUX与嵌入式系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2003
[21]贺志勇,盛飞.大跨度桥梁的变形检测及其精度分析[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版). 2001.8, 29(8): 86-89
[22] HynixSemiconductou HY57V281620HCT User’s Manual[G]
[23] Realtek Signal Chip Signal Port 10/100M Fast Ethernet Phyceiver RTL8201BL[G]
[24]吴琳冰,刘大茂. GPRS的无线实时数据采集系统的实现[J].天津大学学报. 2004, 37
[25] Jan Axelson.串行端口大全(精英科技)[M].北京:中国电力出版社. 2001
[26] ST16C554DCJ68用户手册[G]
[27] HWD3237用户手册[G]
[28]王学龙.嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2001,
[29]邹思铁.嵌入式Linux设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2002
[30]郑音飞,胡大可.μClinux环境下嵌入式文件系统的实现[J].天津大学学报. 2004, 37.
[31] David Tansley著.张春萌译. Linux与Unix Shell编程指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2000.6
[32]施威铭研究室著. Linux C语言实务[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2002.9. 292-293
[33] http://www.konca.com/elec_embed/μClinux/article/μClinux_os.html
[34]杜小平,周顺平,赵秋荣. Linux下makefile文件的分析[J].现代电子技术. 2004(7): 61-63
[35] LINUX内核五大组成部分[DB/OL]. http://embedlinux.ycool.com/post.2818436.html
[36] http://www.ucliux.org[DB/OL]
[37]陆宝辂,何锐.如何编译μClinux内核[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2002(11). 76-80
[38] Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems[J]. USA: O'Reilly 2003(04). 18-19
[39]刘云峰,刘凡军,缪栋.基于Internet的远程故障诊断系统[J].测试技术. 2004,23(2): 46-48
[40] Samuel Vurpillot, Nicoletta Casanova, Danicle lnaudi, et al. Bridge spatial displacement with 100 Fiber Optic Sensors Deformations: Sensors Network and Prelimininary Results. SPIE. Vo1.3043, 1997: 51-57
[41]华恒CoIdFire 5272嵌入式Linux技术手册[DB/OL].华恒网络技术有限公司. 2002.12~20.Http://www.hhcn.com
[42]黄锐,蔡海文,铿荣辉等.一种同时测量温度和应变的光纤光栅传感器[J].中国激光. 2005, 32(2): 232-235
[43]黎洪生,董军. RS-485总线在结构健康监测系统中的应用[J].微机发展2004 (10):P59-61
[44]高云红,徐文尚等.基于RS485的计算机与多单片机系统串行通信的工程实践[J].南开大学学报. 2005
[45]刘盛辉,邱彦章.嵌入式多路数据采集平台的硬件设计[J].南开大学学报. 2005(10):107-109
[46]陈莉君.深入分析Linux内核源代码[M].北京:人民邮电出版社. 2002
[47]黄承安.基于GPRS的远程仪表监控系统[J].电测与仪表. 2003 (8)