密集信号条件下的雷达信号分选
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摘要
雷达信号分选技术作为现代信息对抗领域重要发展方向之一,对雷达侦察信号处理非常重要。已经成为现代战争中极其重要的影响因素,是国内外关注的热点,具有广泛的民用和军事价值。
本文主要研究雷达信号处理中雷达信号分选技术,首先介绍了雷达信号分选的研究背景、重要性以及国内外研究现状。然后再介绍了雷达信号处理原理,其中详细叙述了几种常见的雷达信号PRI表述,包括:常规雷达信号、重频参差雷达信号、重频滑变雷达信号、重频抖动雷达信号、频率捷变雷达信号。另外叙述了雷达信号处理流程,包括雷达信号预处理流程及主处理流程。
此后,系统介绍雷达对抗信号源的产生原理,重点分析了产生雷达分选信号源应该考虑的参数,包括时域参数、空域参数、频域参数、脉冲幅度以及脉冲流的密度;然后研究了雷达对抗信号源的单个脉冲流的产生、干扰信号的产生以及脉冲流的合成,最后根据脉冲流形成了脉冲描述字的整个软件过程。
在接下来的部分,主要研究了雷达信号PRI分选算法以及信号分选综合分析。PRI分选算法包括:相关函数法,直方图法(CDIF法、SDIF法)、PRI变换法、平面变换法以及雷达信号分选综合分析研究,内容包括雷达分选序列检索和参差雷达的鉴别。
最后研究了一种基于K-MEANS多参数聚类和动态扩展关联的算法,详细论述了其算法的原理和步骤,给出仿真的结果。通过仿真试验,本文所采用的雷达信号分选算法取得了较好的分选效果。
As one of the important developments of modern radar, radar signal sorting shows great strength in radar signal processing. It will be an extremely important factor of future war and is focused at home and abroad, also has a wide range of civil and military values.
This paper studies in radar signal sorting technology. The background and the importance of the research have been mentioned first, together with the research situation at home and abroad. Then we introduce the theory of radar signal processing and some radar PRI expression, including: conventional radar signals, the stagger pulse signals, jittering pulse signals and frequency agility signals. The flow of radar signal processing has been listed, including the preconditioning process and the process.
Next, we describe how to generate the signals. Especially we focused on the parameters, including the time, the angles, the frequency, the amplitude and the density. Then show the details of how to generate the signal pulse, the interference pulse, the combination and the pulse description word (PDW).
Whereafter, PRI sorting algorithms and the comprehensive analysis are adopted and compared. PRI sorting algorithm include: correlation function algorithm, histogram algorithm (CDIF, SDIF), the PRI transformation algorithm, the radar plane transformation algorithm, and the comprehensive analysis. The last item contains the pulse extraction and the separation method of the stagger signals.
Based on the multi-parameter K-MEANS clustering algorithm and dynamic association algorithm, we introduce a new algorithm. Then list the principles, the steps, the results of the simulation. From some simulation, we can get a good result.
本文主要研究雷达信号处理中雷达信号分选技术,首先介绍了雷达信号分选的研究背景、重要性以及国内外研究现状。然后再介绍了雷达信号处理原理,其中详细叙述了几种常见的雷达信号PRI表述,包括:常规雷达信号、重频参差雷达信号、重频滑变雷达信号、重频抖动雷达信号、频率捷变雷达信号。另外叙述了雷达信号处理流程,包括雷达信号预处理流程及主处理流程。
此后,系统介绍雷达对抗信号源的产生原理,重点分析了产生雷达分选信号源应该考虑的参数,包括时域参数、空域参数、频域参数、脉冲幅度以及脉冲流的密度;然后研究了雷达对抗信号源的单个脉冲流的产生、干扰信号的产生以及脉冲流的合成,最后根据脉冲流形成了脉冲描述字的整个软件过程。
在接下来的部分,主要研究了雷达信号PRI分选算法以及信号分选综合分析。PRI分选算法包括:相关函数法,直方图法(CDIF法、SDIF法)、PRI变换法、平面变换法以及雷达信号分选综合分析研究,内容包括雷达分选序列检索和参差雷达的鉴别。
最后研究了一种基于K-MEANS多参数聚类和动态扩展关联的算法,详细论述了其算法的原理和步骤,给出仿真的结果。通过仿真试验,本文所采用的雷达信号分选算法取得了较好的分选效果。
As one of the important developments of modern radar, radar signal sorting shows great strength in radar signal processing. It will be an extremely important factor of future war and is focused at home and abroad, also has a wide range of civil and military values.
This paper studies in radar signal sorting technology. The background and the importance of the research have been mentioned first, together with the research situation at home and abroad. Then we introduce the theory of radar signal processing and some radar PRI expression, including: conventional radar signals, the stagger pulse signals, jittering pulse signals and frequency agility signals. The flow of radar signal processing has been listed, including the preconditioning process and the process.
Next, we describe how to generate the signals. Especially we focused on the parameters, including the time, the angles, the frequency, the amplitude and the density. Then show the details of how to generate the signal pulse, the interference pulse, the combination and the pulse description word (PDW).
Whereafter, PRI sorting algorithms and the comprehensive analysis are adopted and compared. PRI sorting algorithm include: correlation function algorithm, histogram algorithm (CDIF, SDIF), the PRI transformation algorithm, the radar plane transformation algorithm, and the comprehensive analysis. The last item contains the pulse extraction and the separation method of the stagger signals.
Based on the multi-parameter K-MEANS clustering algorithm and dynamic association algorithm, we introduce a new algorithm. Then list the principles, the steps, the results of the simulation. From some simulation, we can get a good result.
引文
[1]赵国庆.雷达对抗原理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999
[2]严方中,雷达对抗与反对抗,空军第二研究所,1988
[3]李祖新.雷达对抗面临严重挑战,舰船电子对抗.1999年,第1期,5-8
[4] Campbell J W,Saperstein S. Signal Recognition in Complex Radar Environments.Watkins-Johnson Tech Notes,1976,Vol.3,No.6
[5] Rogers J A V.ESM Processor for High Pulse Density Radar Enviroments.IEE Proc F Commun Radar&Signal Process,1985,Vol.132,No.7:621-624
[6] Mardia H K.New techniques for the deinterleaving of repetitive sequences.IEE PROCEEDINGS,Vol.136,Pt.F,No.4,August 1989,149-154
[7] Milojevic D J, Popovic B M.Improved algorithm for the deinterleaving of radar pulses.IEE PROCEEDINGS-F,Vol.139,No.1,Febuary 1992,98-104
[8]赵仁建,龙德浩,熊平等.密集信号分选的平面变换技术.电子学报,1998,Vol.26,No.1:77-82
[9]林向平.雷达电子对抗原理,西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1985
[10]胡广书,数字信号处理,北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[11] Jechang Jeong,William J.Williams,“Kernal Design for Reduced Interference Distributions”,IEEE Trans on Signal Processing,Vol.40,No.2,1992:402-412
[12] L.cohen.Time-frequency distributions-a review.IEEE Trans Acoustics, Speech&Signal Procesing,Vol.37,No.7,1989:941-981
[13]马永,王炎.限定误差直方图的一个改进算法,计算机工程与应用,2000(2):63-64
[14] Lee, K.S.M.; Rowe, M.J.; Krishnamurthy, V. Pulse train deinterleaving: algorithms and cost criteria. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. ICASSP '99. Proceedings. 1999 IEEE International Conference on , Volume: 5 , 15-19 March 1999:2475-2478 vol.5
[15] Conroy, T.; Moore, J.B. The limits of extended Kalman filtering for pulse train deinterleaving. Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on [see also Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on], Volume: 46 , Issue: 12 , Dec. 1998:3326-3332
[16] KEN'ICHI NISHIGUCHI MASAAKI KOBAYASHI Improved Algorithm for Estimating Pulse Repetition Intervals IEEE TRANSACTINS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL.36,NO.2 APRIL 2000:409-421
[17]王兴颖,杨绍全.基于脉冲重复间隔变换的脉冲重复间隔估计,西安电子科技大学学报,Vol.29 No.3 2002,355-359
[18]盛九朝,束坤.一种雷达脉冲序列重频类型识别方法.舰船电子对抗,2003,26(3):4-6
[19]胡来招.平面变换用于复杂信号的处理.电子工业部29所科研成果汇编,1995
[20]赵仁健,龙德浩,熊平等.密集信号分选的平面变换技术[J].电子学报, 1998 (1) : 77- 82
[21]张蓉.数据聚类技术的研究.计算机工程与应用.2002.16:145-147
[22]高新波.模糊聚类分析及其应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004
[23]张万军,樊甫华,谭营.聚类方法在雷达信号分选中的应用.雷达科学与技术,Vol.2 No.2 August 2004
[24] Ruspini HE. A new approach to clustering. Inf Cont.1969
[25] Bezdek JC. Pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithms. New York:Plenum Press,1981
[26]李金宗.模式识别导论.高等教育出版社
[27]唐立新,杨自厚,王梦光.用遗传算法改进聚类分析中的K-平均算法.数理统计与应用概率,Vol.12,No.4,Dec.1997
[28]王实,高文.数据挖掘中的聚类方法.计算机科学,Vol.27,No.4,2000
[29]李昕,郑宇,江芳泽.用改进的RPCL算法提取聚类的最佳数目.上海大学学报·Vol.5,No.5,Oct.1999
[30] Xu L,K rzyzak A,Oja E. Rival penalized competitive learning for clustering analysis,RBF net, and curve detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks,1993,4(4):636-649
[31]胡陈勇,刘大有,刘亚波.一种扩展的关联规则挖掘算法[J].吉林大学学报(理学版) , 2005,(02)
[32]欧阳继红,王仲佳,刘大有.具有动态加权特性的关联规则算法[J].吉林大学学报(理学版) , 2005,(03)
[33]陆建江,徐宝文,邹晓峰,康达周.模糊关联规则的并行挖掘算法[J]东南大学学报(自然科学版) , 2005,(02)
[34]祝正威.脉冲丢失概率的计算方法.电子对抗技术,1990,No.12:21-26
[35]荣海娜.复杂体制雷达辐射源信号脉冲重复间隔调制识别[D].西南交通大学, 2006 .
[2]严方中,雷达对抗与反对抗,空军第二研究所,1988
[3]李祖新.雷达对抗面临严重挑战,舰船电子对抗.1999年,第1期,5-8
[4] Campbell J W,Saperstein S. Signal Recognition in Complex Radar Environments.Watkins-Johnson Tech Notes,1976,Vol.3,No.6
[5] Rogers J A V.ESM Processor for High Pulse Density Radar Enviroments.IEE Proc F Commun Radar&Signal Process,1985,Vol.132,No.7:621-624
[6] Mardia H K.New techniques for the deinterleaving of repetitive sequences.IEE PROCEEDINGS,Vol.136,Pt.F,No.4,August 1989,149-154
[7] Milojevic D J, Popovic B M.Improved algorithm for the deinterleaving of radar pulses.IEE PROCEEDINGS-F,Vol.139,No.1,Febuary 1992,98-104
[8]赵仁建,龙德浩,熊平等.密集信号分选的平面变换技术.电子学报,1998,Vol.26,No.1:77-82
[9]林向平.雷达电子对抗原理,西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1985
[10]胡广书,数字信号处理,北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[11] Jechang Jeong,William J.Williams,“Kernal Design for Reduced Interference Distributions”,IEEE Trans on Signal Processing,Vol.40,No.2,1992:402-412
[12] L.cohen.Time-frequency distributions-a review.IEEE Trans Acoustics, Speech&Signal Procesing,Vol.37,No.7,1989:941-981
[13]马永,王炎.限定误差直方图的一个改进算法,计算机工程与应用,2000(2):63-64
[14] Lee, K.S.M.; Rowe, M.J.; Krishnamurthy, V. Pulse train deinterleaving: algorithms and cost criteria. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. ICASSP '99. Proceedings. 1999 IEEE International Conference on , Volume: 5 , 15-19 March 1999:2475-2478 vol.5
[15] Conroy, T.; Moore, J.B. The limits of extended Kalman filtering for pulse train deinterleaving. Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on [see also Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on], Volume: 46 , Issue: 12 , Dec. 1998:3326-3332
[16] KEN'ICHI NISHIGUCHI MASAAKI KOBAYASHI Improved Algorithm for Estimating Pulse Repetition Intervals IEEE TRANSACTINS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL.36,NO.2 APRIL 2000:409-421
[17]王兴颖,杨绍全.基于脉冲重复间隔变换的脉冲重复间隔估计,西安电子科技大学学报,Vol.29 No.3 2002,355-359
[18]盛九朝,束坤.一种雷达脉冲序列重频类型识别方法.舰船电子对抗,2003,26(3):4-6
[19]胡来招.平面变换用于复杂信号的处理.电子工业部29所科研成果汇编,1995
[20]赵仁健,龙德浩,熊平等.密集信号分选的平面变换技术[J].电子学报, 1998 (1) : 77- 82
[21]张蓉.数据聚类技术的研究.计算机工程与应用.2002.16:145-147
[22]高新波.模糊聚类分析及其应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004
[23]张万军,樊甫华,谭营.聚类方法在雷达信号分选中的应用.雷达科学与技术,Vol.2 No.2 August 2004
[24] Ruspini HE. A new approach to clustering. Inf Cont.1969
[25] Bezdek JC. Pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithms. New York:Plenum Press,1981
[26]李金宗.模式识别导论.高等教育出版社
[27]唐立新,杨自厚,王梦光.用遗传算法改进聚类分析中的K-平均算法.数理统计与应用概率,Vol.12,No.4,Dec.1997
[28]王实,高文.数据挖掘中的聚类方法.计算机科学,Vol.27,No.4,2000
[29]李昕,郑宇,江芳泽.用改进的RPCL算法提取聚类的最佳数目.上海大学学报·Vol.5,No.5,Oct.1999
[30] Xu L,K rzyzak A,Oja E. Rival penalized competitive learning for clustering analysis,RBF net, and curve detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks,1993,4(4):636-649
[31]胡陈勇,刘大有,刘亚波.一种扩展的关联规则挖掘算法[J].吉林大学学报(理学版) , 2005,(02)
[32]欧阳继红,王仲佳,刘大有.具有动态加权特性的关联规则算法[J].吉林大学学报(理学版) , 2005,(03)
[33]陆建江,徐宝文,邹晓峰,康达周.模糊关联规则的并行挖掘算法[J]东南大学学报(自然科学版) , 2005,(02)
[34]祝正威.脉冲丢失概率的计算方法.电子对抗技术,1990,No.12:21-26
[35]荣海娜.复杂体制雷达辐射源信号脉冲重复间隔调制识别[D].西南交通大学, 2006 .