高速光传输系统中的调制格式及其性能研究
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摘要
目前,高速光传输系统正在向着单信道40Gb/s的方向发展,信道容量提高的同时,所带来的传输损伤也更加严重。高级光调制技术作为高速、长距离光传输系统的关键技术之一,可以明显减轻系统的传输损伤,并且不需要对现有的传输线路作大的修改,具有很高的商业价值。现今10Gb/s系统中普遍采用的OOK调制格式已经难以满足更高速率系统性能的要求。本文针对40Gb/s高速光传输系统中的相位调制格式和幅度相位联合键控调制格式进行研究。首先研究了不同相位调制格式的调制接收原理,仿真分析了其传输特性以及由接收机频率失谐、移相误差、延时误差所带来的系统性能影响;然后研究了幅度相位联合键控调制格式的调制接收原理,仿真分析了其传输特性,并就自相位调制(SPM)对幅度相位联合键控调制格式相位支路的影响展开深入分析;根据自相位调制影响相位支路性能的原因——非线性相移,提出了非线性相移的预补偿方式,通过仿真验证了其有效性,并推导出了相位预补偿量参考公式。
At present, high-speed optical transmission system is in the direction of single-channel 40Gb/s. With the improvement of channel capacity, optical signals suffer more and more transmission impairments. As one of the key technologies of high-speed long-haul optical transmission system, modulation format could mitigate transmission impairments without great changes in the existing transmission lines. Now on-off keying(OOK) modulation format is not suitable for higher speed system. This paper studies on two main modulation formats:phase modulation and amplitude phase modulation. First, the transceivers of phase modulation and amplitude phase modulation are studied as well as the transmission performances on a WDM system. For phase modulation, the penalty from receiver frequency offset, phase error and delay error is studied. Then, we focus on the influence of self-phase-modulation(SPM) in amplitude phase modulation. Based on the principle of nonlinear phase shift, a pre-compensation method is proposed and the pre-compensation formula is derived.
At present, high-speed optical transmission system is in the direction of single-channel 40Gb/s. With the improvement of channel capacity, optical signals suffer more and more transmission impairments. As one of the key technologies of high-speed long-haul optical transmission system, modulation format could mitigate transmission impairments without great changes in the existing transmission lines. Now on-off keying(OOK) modulation format is not suitable for higher speed system. This paper studies on two main modulation formats:phase modulation and amplitude phase modulation. First, the transceivers of phase modulation and amplitude phase modulation are studied as well as the transmission performances on a WDM system. For phase modulation, the penalty from receiver frequency offset, phase error and delay error is studied. Then, we focus on the influence of self-phase-modulation(SPM) in amplitude phase modulation. Based on the principle of nonlinear phase shift, a pre-compensation method is proposed and the pre-compensation formula is derived.
引文
[1] J.-X.Cai, D.G Foursa, C.R.Davidson. A DWDM demonstration of 3.73Tb/s over 11000km using 373 RZ-DPSK channels at 10Gb/s. OFC, PD22, 2003.
[2] B.Bakhshi, D.Kovsh, G.Mosh. Terabit/s field trial over the first installed dispersion-flattened transpacific system. OFC03, PD27, 2003.
[3] J.-X.Cai, D.G Foursa, L.Liu. RZ-DPSK field trial over 13100km of installed non slop-matched submarine fiber. OFC, PD34, 2004.
[4] Takashi Mizuochi, Kuniaki Motoshima. Next Generation Technologies. 2003.
[5]顾畹仪. WDM超长距离光传输技术.第一版.北京邮电大学出版社, 2006. ISBN 7-5635-1170-9.
[6] K. Yonenaga and S. Kuwano. Dispersion-tolerant optical transmission system using duobinary transmitter and binary receiver. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Aug 1997, Vol.15. pp: 1530-1537.
[7]胡辽林,刘增基.消光比对光双二进制传输性能的影响.西安电子科技大学学报. 2003年12月, Vol.30. pp: 744-747.
[8] Takashi Ono et al. Characteristics of Optical Duobinary Signal in Terabit/s Capacity, High-Spectral Efficiency WDM System. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 1998, Vol.16, No.5.
[9] G. Bosco, A. Carena, V. Curri, and et al. On the use of NRZ, RZ, and CSRZ modulation at 40 Gb/s with narrow DWDM channel spacing. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Sep 2002, Vol.20. pp: 1694-1704.
[10] Akihide Sano et al. Performance Evaluation of Prechirped RZ and CSRZ Formats in High-Speed Transmission Systems with Dispersion Management. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2001, 19. pp: 1864~1871.
[11] Y. Inada et al. Error-Free Transmission over 6000 km of 50×42.8Gb/s, FEC-coded CSRZ WDM Signal in EDFA and Medial-Dispersion MDF Systems. ECOC 2004, Th 3.5.4.
[12] Q. Zhang, J. Maloney, C. Menyuk, and et al. Performance comparison of dispersion managed 40 Gbps transmission: CSRZ vs. RZ. Lasers and Electro-Optics. 2002, Vol.1.
[13] P. J. Winzer and R.-J. Essiambre. Advanced Optical Modulation Formats. Proceedings of the IEEE. May 2006, Vol.94. pp: 952-985.
[14] Chris Xu, Xiang Liu, and Xing Wei. Differential Phase-Shift Keying for HighSpectral Efficiency Optical Transmissions. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. March 2004, Vol.10. pp: 281-293.
[15] H. Bissessur et al. C-band terrestrial WDM transmission of 1 Tb/s over DSF using CSRZ up to 1600km and DPSK up to 2400 km. ECOC 2004, Th 2.5.3.
[16] Xing Wei and Liming Zhang. Analysis of the Phase Noise in Saturated SOAs for DPSK Applications. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. April 2005, Vol.41. pp: 554-561.
[17] A. H. Gnauck and P. J. Winzer. Optical Phase-Shift-Keyed Transmission. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Jan 2005, Vol.23. pp: 115-130.
[18] R. A. Griffin and A. C. Carter. Optical differential quadrature phase-shift key (oDQPSK) for optical transmission. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. 2002, March 2002, pp: 367-368.
[19] Ohm M., Frechmann T. Comparison of different DQPSK transmitters with NRZ and RZ impulse shaping. Advanced Modulation Formats, 2004 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on. 1-2 July 2004. Pages: 7-8.
[20] Gentaro Funatsu, Hideki Maeda, Akira Naka. Suppression of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering by using RZ-DPSK format in long-span unrepeated transmission system. Workshop on Advanced Modulation Format 2004.
[21] B. Zhu et al. Transmission of 3.2Tb/s Ultra Wave fiber with 100-km dispersion-managed spans using RZ-DPSK format. ECOC 2002[C], PD4.2.
[22] J. H. Sinsky, A. Adamiecki, A. H. Gnauck. RZ-DPSK Transmission Using a 42.7-Gb/s Integrated Balanced Optical Front End With Record Sensitivity. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Jan 2004, Vol.22. pp: 180-185.
[23] M. I. Hayee and R. Haddad. Chirped RZ-DPSK Modulation Format in 40Gb/s WDM Transmission Systems. 2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. May 2005, Vol.3. pp: 1798-1800.
[24] Xiang Liu and Y.-H. Kao. Chirped RZ-DPSK Based on Single Mach–Zehnder Modulator and Its Nonlinear Transmission Performance. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. July 2005, Vol.17. pp: 1531-1533.
[25] B. Zhu, L.E. Nelson, S. Stulz, and et al. High spectral density long-haul 40-Gb/s transmission using CSRZ-DPSK format. Journal of Lightwave Technology. January 2004,. Vol.22. pp: 208-214.
[26] Akira Hirano et al. Performance of CSRZ-DPSK and RZ-DPSK in 43Gb/s DWDM G..652 Single-Mode-Fiber Transmission. OFC 2003.
[27] T. Tokle, C. R. Davidson, M. Nissov, and et al. Transmission of RZ-DQPSK over6500 km with 0.66 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Advanced Modulation Formats, San Francisco, CA, July 2004.
[28] Pierpaolo Boffi, Lucia Marazzi, Paolo Martelli.40Gb/s RZ-DQPSK Time-Polarization interleaving. Optical society of America, 2005.
[29] Wree C, Leibrich.J, et al. RZ-DQPSK format with high spectral efficiency and high robustness towards fiber nonlinearities. ECOC 2002, Paper 9.6.6
[30] Yanjun Zhu and A. Hanjifotioy. Highly spectral efficient transmission with CSRZ-DQPSK. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Advanced Modulation Formats, San Francisco, CA, July 2004. pp: 5-6.
[31] Ivan B. Djordjevic, Bane Vasic. Multilevel coding M-array DPSK/Differential QAM High-Speed Optical Transmission system. Journal of Lightwave Technology, VOL. 24, NO. 1, 2006.
[32] Michael Ohm, Joachim Speidel. Differential Optical 8-PSK with Direct Detection (8-DPSK/DD). Photonics Technology Letters. VOL.11, 2005.
[33] Michael Ohm, Braunschweig. Multilevel Optical Modulation Formats with Direct Detection.
[34]潘青. 40Gbps单信道光纤传输系统中色散补偿技术的研究.硕士论文,西安电子科技大学, 2006.
[35] Govind P.Agrawal.非线性光纤光学原理及应用.贾东方,余震虹等译.电子工业出版社. 2002.
[36]徐坤.基于LiNbO3光波导调制器的高速光码型[J].北京邮电大学学报, 2004,第27卷第4期. pp: 50-54.
[37] Yang Jing Wen, A. Nirmalathas and Dong-Soo Lee. RZ/CSRZ-DPSK and Chirped NRZ Signal Generation Using a Single-Stage Dual-Electrode Mach-Zehnder Modulator. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. Nov 2004, Vol.16. pp: 2466-2468.
[38] VPI Transmissionmaker7.5. Fiber modules帮助文档.
[39] Govind P. Agrawal.光纤通信系统[M].第三版.北京:清华大学出版社. 2004.
[40] Keang-Po Ho. Performance Degradation of Phase-Modulated Systems due to Nonlinear Phase Noise. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. September 2003, Vol.15. pp: 1213-1215.
[41] Wang Chengwei, Wen Aijun, Wu Jianhong. Differential Precoder for High-speed Optical DQPSK Transmission. 2006 China-Italy bilateral Workshop on Photonics for Communication and Sensing.
[42] Hoon Kim. Cross-Phase-Modulation-Induced Nonlinear Phase Noise in WDM Direct-Detection DPSK Systems. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Aug 2003,Vol.21. pp: 1770-1774.
[43] Xu Zhu et al. Cross-phase modulation-induced penalties in multichannel DWDM optical transport networks. Chinese Optical Letters. 2003, 1(5). pp: 263~265.
[44] P. V. Mamyshev and N. A. Mamysheva. Pulse-overlapped dispersion-managed data transmission and intrachannel four-wave mixing. Optical Letters, 1999. pp: 1454-1456.
[45] Keang-Po Ho. The Effect of Interferometer Phase Error on Direct-Detection DPSK and DQPSK Signals. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. VOL. 16, NO. 1, January 2004.
[46] Chris Xu, Xiang Liu, Xing Wei. Differential Phase-Shift Keying for High Spectral Efficiency Optical Transmissions [J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2004, 10 (2).
[47] Peter J. Winzer, Hoon Kim. Degradations in Balanced DPSK Receivers. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. September 2003, VOL. 15, NO. 9.
[48] Fran?ois Séguin. Tuneable All-Fiber? Delay-Line Interferometer for DPSK Demodulation. 2005 Optical Society of America.
[49] Matthias Seimetz, Markus Noelle, Erwin Patzak. Optical Systems With High-Order DPSK and Star QAM Modulation Based on Interferometric Direct Detection. Journal of Lightwave Technology. VOL. 25, NO. 6, June 2007.
[50]孙学明,张慧剑,左萌等.偏振模色散及非线性效应对40Gb/s密集波分复用系统的影响.光学学报. 2004, 24(10). pp: 1363-1369.
[51] Djafar K. Mynbaev, Lowell L. Schener. Fiber-Optic Communication Technology.机械工业出版社. 2002.
[52] Nobuhiko Kikuchi, Kenro Sekine, Toshiki Sugawara. Study on Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) Effect on Amplitude and Differentially Phase-Modulated Multilevel Signals in DWDM Transmission. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. VOL. 17, NO. 7, July 2005.
[2] B.Bakhshi, D.Kovsh, G.Mosh. Terabit/s field trial over the first installed dispersion-flattened transpacific system. OFC03, PD27, 2003.
[3] J.-X.Cai, D.G Foursa, L.Liu. RZ-DPSK field trial over 13100km of installed non slop-matched submarine fiber. OFC, PD34, 2004.
[4] Takashi Mizuochi, Kuniaki Motoshima. Next Generation Technologies. 2003.
[5]顾畹仪. WDM超长距离光传输技术.第一版.北京邮电大学出版社, 2006. ISBN 7-5635-1170-9.
[6] K. Yonenaga and S. Kuwano. Dispersion-tolerant optical transmission system using duobinary transmitter and binary receiver. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Aug 1997, Vol.15. pp: 1530-1537.
[7]胡辽林,刘增基.消光比对光双二进制传输性能的影响.西安电子科技大学学报. 2003年12月, Vol.30. pp: 744-747.
[8] Takashi Ono et al. Characteristics of Optical Duobinary Signal in Terabit/s Capacity, High-Spectral Efficiency WDM System. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 1998, Vol.16, No.5.
[9] G. Bosco, A. Carena, V. Curri, and et al. On the use of NRZ, RZ, and CSRZ modulation at 40 Gb/s with narrow DWDM channel spacing. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Sep 2002, Vol.20. pp: 1694-1704.
[10] Akihide Sano et al. Performance Evaluation of Prechirped RZ and CSRZ Formats in High-Speed Transmission Systems with Dispersion Management. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2001, 19. pp: 1864~1871.
[11] Y. Inada et al. Error-Free Transmission over 6000 km of 50×42.8Gb/s, FEC-coded CSRZ WDM Signal in EDFA and Medial-Dispersion MDF Systems. ECOC 2004, Th 3.5.4.
[12] Q. Zhang, J. Maloney, C. Menyuk, and et al. Performance comparison of dispersion managed 40 Gbps transmission: CSRZ vs. RZ. Lasers and Electro-Optics. 2002, Vol.1.
[13] P. J. Winzer and R.-J. Essiambre. Advanced Optical Modulation Formats. Proceedings of the IEEE. May 2006, Vol.94. pp: 952-985.
[14] Chris Xu, Xiang Liu, and Xing Wei. Differential Phase-Shift Keying for HighSpectral Efficiency Optical Transmissions. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. March 2004, Vol.10. pp: 281-293.
[15] H. Bissessur et al. C-band terrestrial WDM transmission of 1 Tb/s over DSF using CSRZ up to 1600km and DPSK up to 2400 km. ECOC 2004, Th 2.5.3.
[16] Xing Wei and Liming Zhang. Analysis of the Phase Noise in Saturated SOAs for DPSK Applications. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. April 2005, Vol.41. pp: 554-561.
[17] A. H. Gnauck and P. J. Winzer. Optical Phase-Shift-Keyed Transmission. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Jan 2005, Vol.23. pp: 115-130.
[18] R. A. Griffin and A. C. Carter. Optical differential quadrature phase-shift key (oDQPSK) for optical transmission. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. 2002, March 2002, pp: 367-368.
[19] Ohm M., Frechmann T. Comparison of different DQPSK transmitters with NRZ and RZ impulse shaping. Advanced Modulation Formats, 2004 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on. 1-2 July 2004. Pages: 7-8.
[20] Gentaro Funatsu, Hideki Maeda, Akira Naka. Suppression of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering by using RZ-DPSK format in long-span unrepeated transmission system. Workshop on Advanced Modulation Format 2004.
[21] B. Zhu et al. Transmission of 3.2Tb/s Ultra Wave fiber with 100-km dispersion-managed spans using RZ-DPSK format. ECOC 2002[C], PD4.2.
[22] J. H. Sinsky, A. Adamiecki, A. H. Gnauck. RZ-DPSK Transmission Using a 42.7-Gb/s Integrated Balanced Optical Front End With Record Sensitivity. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Jan 2004, Vol.22. pp: 180-185.
[23] M. I. Hayee and R. Haddad. Chirped RZ-DPSK Modulation Format in 40Gb/s WDM Transmission Systems. 2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. May 2005, Vol.3. pp: 1798-1800.
[24] Xiang Liu and Y.-H. Kao. Chirped RZ-DPSK Based on Single Mach–Zehnder Modulator and Its Nonlinear Transmission Performance. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. July 2005, Vol.17. pp: 1531-1533.
[25] B. Zhu, L.E. Nelson, S. Stulz, and et al. High spectral density long-haul 40-Gb/s transmission using CSRZ-DPSK format. Journal of Lightwave Technology. January 2004,. Vol.22. pp: 208-214.
[26] Akira Hirano et al. Performance of CSRZ-DPSK and RZ-DPSK in 43Gb/s DWDM G..652 Single-Mode-Fiber Transmission. OFC 2003.
[27] T. Tokle, C. R. Davidson, M. Nissov, and et al. Transmission of RZ-DQPSK over6500 km with 0.66 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Advanced Modulation Formats, San Francisco, CA, July 2004.
[28] Pierpaolo Boffi, Lucia Marazzi, Paolo Martelli.40Gb/s RZ-DQPSK Time-Polarization interleaving. Optical society of America, 2005.
[29] Wree C, Leibrich.J, et al. RZ-DQPSK format with high spectral efficiency and high robustness towards fiber nonlinearities. ECOC 2002, Paper 9.6.6
[30] Yanjun Zhu and A. Hanjifotioy. Highly spectral efficient transmission with CSRZ-DQPSK. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Advanced Modulation Formats, San Francisco, CA, July 2004. pp: 5-6.
[31] Ivan B. Djordjevic, Bane Vasic. Multilevel coding M-array DPSK/Differential QAM High-Speed Optical Transmission system. Journal of Lightwave Technology, VOL. 24, NO. 1, 2006.
[32] Michael Ohm, Joachim Speidel. Differential Optical 8-PSK with Direct Detection (8-DPSK/DD). Photonics Technology Letters. VOL.11, 2005.
[33] Michael Ohm, Braunschweig. Multilevel Optical Modulation Formats with Direct Detection.
[34]潘青. 40Gbps单信道光纤传输系统中色散补偿技术的研究.硕士论文,西安电子科技大学, 2006.
[35] Govind P.Agrawal.非线性光纤光学原理及应用.贾东方,余震虹等译.电子工业出版社. 2002.
[36]徐坤.基于LiNbO3光波导调制器的高速光码型[J].北京邮电大学学报, 2004,第27卷第4期. pp: 50-54.
[37] Yang Jing Wen, A. Nirmalathas and Dong-Soo Lee. RZ/CSRZ-DPSK and Chirped NRZ Signal Generation Using a Single-Stage Dual-Electrode Mach-Zehnder Modulator. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. Nov 2004, Vol.16. pp: 2466-2468.
[38] VPI Transmissionmaker7.5. Fiber modules帮助文档.
[39] Govind P. Agrawal.光纤通信系统[M].第三版.北京:清华大学出版社. 2004.
[40] Keang-Po Ho. Performance Degradation of Phase-Modulated Systems due to Nonlinear Phase Noise. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. September 2003, Vol.15. pp: 1213-1215.
[41] Wang Chengwei, Wen Aijun, Wu Jianhong. Differential Precoder for High-speed Optical DQPSK Transmission. 2006 China-Italy bilateral Workshop on Photonics for Communication and Sensing.
[42] Hoon Kim. Cross-Phase-Modulation-Induced Nonlinear Phase Noise in WDM Direct-Detection DPSK Systems. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Aug 2003,Vol.21. pp: 1770-1774.
[43] Xu Zhu et al. Cross-phase modulation-induced penalties in multichannel DWDM optical transport networks. Chinese Optical Letters. 2003, 1(5). pp: 263~265.
[44] P. V. Mamyshev and N. A. Mamysheva. Pulse-overlapped dispersion-managed data transmission and intrachannel four-wave mixing. Optical Letters, 1999. pp: 1454-1456.
[45] Keang-Po Ho. The Effect of Interferometer Phase Error on Direct-Detection DPSK and DQPSK Signals. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. VOL. 16, NO. 1, January 2004.
[46] Chris Xu, Xiang Liu, Xing Wei. Differential Phase-Shift Keying for High Spectral Efficiency Optical Transmissions [J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2004, 10 (2).
[47] Peter J. Winzer, Hoon Kim. Degradations in Balanced DPSK Receivers. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. September 2003, VOL. 15, NO. 9.
[48] Fran?ois Séguin. Tuneable All-Fiber? Delay-Line Interferometer for DPSK Demodulation. 2005 Optical Society of America.
[49] Matthias Seimetz, Markus Noelle, Erwin Patzak. Optical Systems With High-Order DPSK and Star QAM Modulation Based on Interferometric Direct Detection. Journal of Lightwave Technology. VOL. 25, NO. 6, June 2007.
[50]孙学明,张慧剑,左萌等.偏振模色散及非线性效应对40Gb/s密集波分复用系统的影响.光学学报. 2004, 24(10). pp: 1363-1369.
[51] Djafar K. Mynbaev, Lowell L. Schener. Fiber-Optic Communication Technology.机械工业出版社. 2002.
[52] Nobuhiko Kikuchi, Kenro Sekine, Toshiki Sugawara. Study on Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) Effect on Amplitude and Differentially Phase-Modulated Multilevel Signals in DWDM Transmission. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. VOL. 17, NO. 7, July 2005.