分布式视频编码研究
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摘要
目前数字视频压缩作为数字视频产品和服务的核心技术,取得了大量成果,多个视频压缩国际标准被提出,不过这些标准采用的都是不对称编码方式,编码器包括了变换、量化、熵编码、相应的解量化,解变换,以及运动估计,运动补偿过程。因此可以说编码器已经隐含了一个解码器,这使得编码端的复杂度远远高于解码端,大约5到10倍以上。这种方式适于采用服务器-客户端结构的数字视频广播,视频点播等服务。然而对于移动视频设备或无线视频传感器网络等需要进行现场编码,并传输到中心节点的应用方式而言,编码端在运算、功耗、存储容量和带宽等多方面受到限制;而解码端则可以拥有较多的资源进行复杂运算:这与传统的视频编码方案适用的场景恰恰相反。随着人们对无线移动视频分辨率和视觉质量提出越来越高的要求,如何在资源受限的系统上提供高效的视频编码已经成为一个迫切的要求。而分布式视频编码将成为解决以上资源受限问题的有效途径之一。
分布式视频编码(Distributed Video Coding,DVC)建立在20世纪70年代提出的相关信源编码理论的基础上,即Slepian-Wolf和Wyner-Ziv分布式编码信息论原理,与传统视频编码技术相比,分布式视频编码从原理到实现方法上是全新的。它是基于解码端获得边信息(Side Information)的有损编码,这能够降低编码端的复杂度,而把大量的运算转移到解码端。
本文首先系统地阐述了分布式视频编码技术的基本原理及其发展历程;然后列举了国内外多个研究小组的基本思想和研究现状;分析了分布式视频编码技术的发展趋势;揭示关键技术和研究热点;另外还介绍了简单的分布式视频编码平台实现方案,最后提出改进与研究的方向。
At present ,as the core technologies of the digital video product and service, digital video compression has made massive progresses,many video compression international standards were proposed,but these standards are asymmetrical encoding methods, the encoder is composed of transformation,quantification,entropy code, dequantification,detransformation,as well as the motion estimation and compensation process.Therefore encoder has already included a decoder;this results in about 5 to 10 times high in complexity compared with decoder,which is suitable for server - client services,such as the digital video broadcast,services and video on demand. However,for the wireless video sensor network,which encoding on spot and transmitting to the central decoding node,the power loss,storage capacity and the band width and are restricted;But decoder has enough resources to carry on the complex operation:This is just the opposite with the traditional video coding scheme.As more and more requirements to the wireless video resolution and visual quality,how to provide highly efficient video coding in resource-limited system raised and become an urgent request. Distributed video coding will become one of the efficient paths to solve the above problems.
The distributed video coding (DVC) proposed in the 1970s,establishes on the correlative source encoding theory's foundation , namely Slepian-Wolf and the Wyner-Ziv distributed code information theory principle,comparing with the traditional video coding techniques,it is brand-new in from principle to the realization method. it is based on the side information obtained on the decoder,this can reduce the encoder complexity,but shifts the massive operations to the decoder.
Firstly this paper introduced basic principle of DVC scheme. Secondly,listed the development in recent years,reported the system diagram and achievements of several working teams in this field. Thirdly , introduce an simple implementation of DVC .Finally,forecast the trend of the DVC techniques.
分布式视频编码(Distributed Video Coding,DVC)建立在20世纪70年代提出的相关信源编码理论的基础上,即Slepian-Wolf和Wyner-Ziv分布式编码信息论原理,与传统视频编码技术相比,分布式视频编码从原理到实现方法上是全新的。它是基于解码端获得边信息(Side Information)的有损编码,这能够降低编码端的复杂度,而把大量的运算转移到解码端。
本文首先系统地阐述了分布式视频编码技术的基本原理及其发展历程;然后列举了国内外多个研究小组的基本思想和研究现状;分析了分布式视频编码技术的发展趋势;揭示关键技术和研究热点;另外还介绍了简单的分布式视频编码平台实现方案,最后提出改进与研究的方向。
At present ,as the core technologies of the digital video product and service, digital video compression has made massive progresses,many video compression international standards were proposed,but these standards are asymmetrical encoding methods, the encoder is composed of transformation,quantification,entropy code, dequantification,detransformation,as well as the motion estimation and compensation process.Therefore encoder has already included a decoder;this results in about 5 to 10 times high in complexity compared with decoder,which is suitable for server - client services,such as the digital video broadcast,services and video on demand. However,for the wireless video sensor network,which encoding on spot and transmitting to the central decoding node,the power loss,storage capacity and the band width and are restricted;But decoder has enough resources to carry on the complex operation:This is just the opposite with the traditional video coding scheme.As more and more requirements to the wireless video resolution and visual quality,how to provide highly efficient video coding in resource-limited system raised and become an urgent request. Distributed video coding will become one of the efficient paths to solve the above problems.
The distributed video coding (DVC) proposed in the 1970s,establishes on the correlative source encoding theory's foundation , namely Slepian-Wolf and the Wyner-Ziv distributed code information theory principle,comparing with the traditional video coding techniques,it is brand-new in from principle to the realization method. it is based on the side information obtained on the decoder,this can reduce the encoder complexity,but shifts the massive operations to the decoder.
Firstly this paper introduced basic principle of DVC scheme. Secondly,listed the development in recent years,reported the system diagram and achievements of several working teams in this field. Thirdly , introduce an simple implementation of DVC .Finally,forecast the trend of the DVC techniques.
引文
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[2].钟玉琢,王琪,贺玉文.基于对象的多媒体数据压缩编码国际标准-MPEG4及其校验模型.北京:科学出版社,2000
[3].钟玉琢,乔秉新,祁卫.运动图象及其伴音通用编码国际标准-MPEG-2.北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[4].崔之估,江春,陈丽鑫.数字视频处理.北京:电子工业出版社,1998
[5]. Iain E.G. Richardson. H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression, Video Coding for Next-generation Multimedia. Wiley. 2003.
[6]. Iain E.G. Richardson. Video Codec Design. Developing Image and Video Compression Systems. John Wiley, 2002.
[7]. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N3342. Overview of the the mpeg-4 Standard. Mar,2000
[8]. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 Document N2552. Mpeg-4 Video Verification Model V18.1
[9]. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 Document N2501. Imformation Technology- Generic Coding of Audio-Visual Objects,Part 1:System.ISO/IEC 14496-1.Final Draft International Standard. Nov,1998
[10]. ITU-T Recommendation H.261.Video Codec for audio-visual services at p×64kbit/s.1993
[11]. ITU-T Recommendation H.263.Video Coding for low bit-rate communicate- on. 1996
[12]. ITU-T Recommendation H.263. (version 2) Video Coding for low bit-rate communication. 1999
[13]. ITU-T“Video Codec Test Model,TMN5”. 1995
[14]. ITU-T“Video Codec Test Model, Near-Term, Version 8 (TMN8)”.1997
[15]. Vasudow Bhaskaram and Konstantinous Konstantinides,“Image and Video Compression Standards, Algorithms and Architectures”, Kluwer Academic Pub- lishers 1995.
[16]. Thomas Wiegand, Gary J. Sullivan.“Overview of the H.264AVC video coding standard”. IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems for Video Techn- ology. July 2003 ,Vol.13.pp560-576
[17]. ITU-T | ISO/IEC, H.264 Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services[S], 2005.
[18]. Bernd Girod , Distributed Video Coding, PROC. IEEE, Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume93,Issue 1, Jan 2005 Page(s):71-83
[19]. J. D. Slepian and J. K. Wolf,“Noiseless coding of correlated information sources,”IEEETransactions on Information Theory, vol. IT-19, pp. 471–480, July 1973.
[20]. A. D. Wyner,“Recent Results in the Shannon Theory,”IEEE Transactions on InformationTheory, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 2–10, Jan. 1974.
[21]. A. Wyner,“On source coding with side information at the decoder,”IEEE Transactions onInformation Theory, vol. IT-21, no. 3, pp. 294–300, May 1975.
[22]. A. D. Wyner and J. Ziv,“The rate-distortion function for source coding with side informationat the decoder,”IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. IT-22, no. 1, pp. 1–10, Jan. 1976.
[23]. S. S. Pradhan and K. Ramchandran,“Distributed source coding using syndromes (DISCUS):Design and construction,”in Proc. IEEE Data Compression Conference, Snowbird, UT, Mar.1999, pp. 158–167.
[24]. Anne Aaron, Bernud Griod“Compression with Side Information Using Turbo Codes”, Proc.IEEE Data Compression Conference 2002
[25]. A Liveris,Z Xiong,C Georghiades.Compression of binary sources with side information at thedecoder using LDPC codes[C].In:Proc IEEE Global Communications Symposium, Taipei,Taiwan,2002-11
[26]. Puri,K Ramchandran.PRISM:A new robust video coding architecturebased on distributed compression principles[C].In:Proc Allerton Conference on Communication,Control,andComputing,Allerton, IL, 2002-10
[2].钟玉琢,王琪,贺玉文.基于对象的多媒体数据压缩编码国际标准-MPEG4及其校验模型.北京:科学出版社,2000
[3].钟玉琢,乔秉新,祁卫.运动图象及其伴音通用编码国际标准-MPEG-2.北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[4].崔之估,江春,陈丽鑫.数字视频处理.北京:电子工业出版社,1998
[5]. Iain E.G. Richardson. H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression, Video Coding for Next-generation Multimedia. Wiley. 2003.
[6]. Iain E.G. Richardson. Video Codec Design. Developing Image and Video Compression Systems. John Wiley, 2002.
[7]. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N3342. Overview of the the mpeg-4 Standard. Mar,2000
[8]. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 Document N2552. Mpeg-4 Video Verification Model V18.1
[9]. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 Document N2501. Imformation Technology- Generic Coding of Audio-Visual Objects,Part 1:System.ISO/IEC 14496-1.Final Draft International Standard. Nov,1998
[10]. ITU-T Recommendation H.261.Video Codec for audio-visual services at p×64kbit/s.1993
[11]. ITU-T Recommendation H.263.Video Coding for low bit-rate communicate- on. 1996
[12]. ITU-T Recommendation H.263. (version 2) Video Coding for low bit-rate communication. 1999
[13]. ITU-T“Video Codec Test Model,TMN5”. 1995
[14]. ITU-T“Video Codec Test Model, Near-Term, Version 8 (TMN8)”.1997
[15]. Vasudow Bhaskaram and Konstantinous Konstantinides,“Image and Video Compression Standards, Algorithms and Architectures”, Kluwer Academic Pub- lishers 1995.
[16]. Thomas Wiegand, Gary J. Sullivan.“Overview of the H.264AVC video coding standard”. IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems for Video Techn- ology. July 2003 ,Vol.13.pp560-576
[17]. ITU-T | ISO/IEC, H.264 Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services[S], 2005.
[18]. Bernd Girod , Distributed Video Coding, PROC. IEEE, Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume93,Issue 1, Jan 2005 Page(s):71-83
[19]. J. D. Slepian and J. K. Wolf,“Noiseless coding of correlated information sources,”IEEETransactions on Information Theory, vol. IT-19, pp. 471–480, July 1973.
[20]. A. D. Wyner,“Recent Results in the Shannon Theory,”IEEE Transactions on InformationTheory, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 2–10, Jan. 1974.
[21]. A. Wyner,“On source coding with side information at the decoder,”IEEE Transactions onInformation Theory, vol. IT-21, no. 3, pp. 294–300, May 1975.
[22]. A. D. Wyner and J. Ziv,“The rate-distortion function for source coding with side informationat the decoder,”IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. IT-22, no. 1, pp. 1–10, Jan. 1976.
[23]. S. S. Pradhan and K. Ramchandran,“Distributed source coding using syndromes (DISCUS):Design and construction,”in Proc. IEEE Data Compression Conference, Snowbird, UT, Mar.1999, pp. 158–167.
[24]. Anne Aaron, Bernud Griod“Compression with Side Information Using Turbo Codes”, Proc.IEEE Data Compression Conference 2002
[25]. A Liveris,Z Xiong,C Georghiades.Compression of binary sources with side information at thedecoder using LDPC codes[C].In:Proc IEEE Global Communications Symposium, Taipei,Taiwan,2002-11
[26]. Puri,K Ramchandran.PRISM:A new robust video coding architecturebased on distributed compression principles[C].In:Proc Allerton Conference on Communication,Control,andComputing,Allerton, IL, 2002-10