震后灾区中学生生命意义感研究及干预
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摘要
生命意义感是个人对自己生命之意义和目的觉知与感受的程度。包括生命存在的价值和生命最终要达到的目标,属于高层次的心理需要,需透过思索个体生存的理由或目的,找到生活的方向和目标。在回顾国内外生命意义感研究文献的基础上,采用量化和质性研究方法对震后灾区中学生生命意义感状况研究、影响因素分析及干预。
在研究一、研究二中,使用生命意义感调查问卷、人际关系综合诊断量表和父母教养方式问卷,对受灾情况不同的三个学校的中学生进行调查,收回有效问卷1200份。同时依据自拟的访谈提纲对24名灾区中学生进行半结构化访谈,然后对访谈录音整理出的文本材料进行编码和类属分析,研究结果对前面量化研究起到了补充和印证的作用。对震后灾区中学生生命意义感状况和影响因素研究的主要结论如下:
(1)灾区学生生命意义感水平偏低,主要是特重灾区学生生命意义感水平很低,尤其是生活目标和未来期许两个维度。
(2)心理援助对受灾学生的作用是很明显的。
(3)性别差异对生命意义感影响不显著。初一与初二的生命意义感有显著差异;其他年级之间,生命意义感没有显著差异。
(4)学校受损情况、师生伤亡情况和家人伤亡情况,对生命意义感影响显著。
(5)父母教养方式与人际关系,人际关系与生命意义感,生命意义感与父母教养方式均为显著正相关。
(6)学校受损情况、师生伤亡情况、家人伤亡情况、是否受到心理援助、人际关系水平对生命意义感有预测作用,回归方程显著。
在研究三中,进行前测后测准实验研究。从参与问卷调查的特重灾区学生中筛选生命意义感很低,特别是生活目标和未来期许两个维度很低的学生24人,分为实验组、控制组,实验前使用生命意义感调查问卷、人际关系综合诊断量表对两组再测试一次。然后对实验组干预其人际关系进而影响其生命意义感。实验后对两组进行两次生命意义感调查问卷、人际关系综合诊断量表的测试,中间间隔一周。最后对数据进行分析,主要结论如下:
(1)对人际关系进行干预,提高人际关系水平,进而提高生命意义感;干预有效。
The meaning of life is the extent of the individual's feeling of meaning and purpose of their lives, including the value of life and the ultimate goal of life. The meaning of life is a high level of psychological needs. The individual needs to think through the reasons or purposes to survive in order to find the direction and goals of life. Basing on reviewing the research literature about the meaning of life domestic and abroad, I study the status of the meaning of life of middle school students in disaster areas after the earthquake by quantitative and qualitative research methods, analysis influential factors and do the intervention to the students whose level of the meaning of life is low .
In the first study and the second study, I investigate students of three middle schools from different ares with different disaster situation, the use of a sense of by the meaning of life questionnaire, interpersonal skills comprehensive diagnostic scale and parental rearing style questionnaire. I have 1,200 valid questionnaires back in all. At the same time, I have the semi-structured interviews with 24 students basing on the self-prepared outline of the interview, then sort out the text material of the interview recorded, and encode the text material and do the generic analysis of text material. The results of qualitative research has played a role of complement and certification to the quantitative research. The main conclusions about the status and influential factors of the meaning of life of middle school students from disaster areas after the earthquake are in the following:
(1) The middle school students from disaster areas after the earthquake have the low level of the meaning of life, mainly because the level of the meaning of life of the middle school students from the most damaged areas is very low, especially the two dimensions——life goals and future expectations.
(2) Psychological assistance plays an significant positive role on the students from disaster areas.
(3) Gender and grade have no significant effect on the meaning of life.
(4) The damage extent to schools, teachers , students and families have a significant effect on the meaning of life.
(5) Parental rearing styles, interpersonal relationships, and the meaning of life, are significantly positive correlated to each other.
(6) The damage extent to schools, teachers, students and families, psychological assistance and interpersonal skills can predict the meaning of life. The regression equation is significant.
In the third study, I do pre-test—post-test quasi-experimental research. I choose 24 students with low level of the meaning of life——especially with low level of life goals and future expectations——from in the first study to participate in the research. They are divided into experimental group and control group. Before the experiment, I use the meaning of life survey questionnaire, and interpersonal relationship comprehensive diagnosis scale to test the two test again. And then I interfere with the interpersonal relationship of experimental group in order to improve the level of the meaning of life. I give two groups test twice by the meaning of life questionnaire, interpersonal relationship comprehensive diagnostic scale after the experiment. The interval is one week. Finally, I do data analysis and get the main conclusion the following:
(1) The intervention is effective that I interfere with the interpersonal relationship of experimental group in order to improve the level of the meaning of life.
在研究一、研究二中,使用生命意义感调查问卷、人际关系综合诊断量表和父母教养方式问卷,对受灾情况不同的三个学校的中学生进行调查,收回有效问卷1200份。同时依据自拟的访谈提纲对24名灾区中学生进行半结构化访谈,然后对访谈录音整理出的文本材料进行编码和类属分析,研究结果对前面量化研究起到了补充和印证的作用。对震后灾区中学生生命意义感状况和影响因素研究的主要结论如下:
(1)灾区学生生命意义感水平偏低,主要是特重灾区学生生命意义感水平很低,尤其是生活目标和未来期许两个维度。
(2)心理援助对受灾学生的作用是很明显的。
(3)性别差异对生命意义感影响不显著。初一与初二的生命意义感有显著差异;其他年级之间,生命意义感没有显著差异。
(4)学校受损情况、师生伤亡情况和家人伤亡情况,对生命意义感影响显著。
(5)父母教养方式与人际关系,人际关系与生命意义感,生命意义感与父母教养方式均为显著正相关。
(6)学校受损情况、师生伤亡情况、家人伤亡情况、是否受到心理援助、人际关系水平对生命意义感有预测作用,回归方程显著。
在研究三中,进行前测后测准实验研究。从参与问卷调查的特重灾区学生中筛选生命意义感很低,特别是生活目标和未来期许两个维度很低的学生24人,分为实验组、控制组,实验前使用生命意义感调查问卷、人际关系综合诊断量表对两组再测试一次。然后对实验组干预其人际关系进而影响其生命意义感。实验后对两组进行两次生命意义感调查问卷、人际关系综合诊断量表的测试,中间间隔一周。最后对数据进行分析,主要结论如下:
(1)对人际关系进行干预,提高人际关系水平,进而提高生命意义感;干预有效。
The meaning of life is the extent of the individual's feeling of meaning and purpose of their lives, including the value of life and the ultimate goal of life. The meaning of life is a high level of psychological needs. The individual needs to think through the reasons or purposes to survive in order to find the direction and goals of life. Basing on reviewing the research literature about the meaning of life domestic and abroad, I study the status of the meaning of life of middle school students in disaster areas after the earthquake by quantitative and qualitative research methods, analysis influential factors and do the intervention to the students whose level of the meaning of life is low .
In the first study and the second study, I investigate students of three middle schools from different ares with different disaster situation, the use of a sense of by the meaning of life questionnaire, interpersonal skills comprehensive diagnostic scale and parental rearing style questionnaire. I have 1,200 valid questionnaires back in all. At the same time, I have the semi-structured interviews with 24 students basing on the self-prepared outline of the interview, then sort out the text material of the interview recorded, and encode the text material and do the generic analysis of text material. The results of qualitative research has played a role of complement and certification to the quantitative research. The main conclusions about the status and influential factors of the meaning of life of middle school students from disaster areas after the earthquake are in the following:
(1) The middle school students from disaster areas after the earthquake have the low level of the meaning of life, mainly because the level of the meaning of life of the middle school students from the most damaged areas is very low, especially the two dimensions——life goals and future expectations.
(2) Psychological assistance plays an significant positive role on the students from disaster areas.
(3) Gender and grade have no significant effect on the meaning of life.
(4) The damage extent to schools, teachers , students and families have a significant effect on the meaning of life.
(5) Parental rearing styles, interpersonal relationships, and the meaning of life, are significantly positive correlated to each other.
(6) The damage extent to schools, teachers, students and families, psychological assistance and interpersonal skills can predict the meaning of life. The regression equation is significant.
In the third study, I do pre-test—post-test quasi-experimental research. I choose 24 students with low level of the meaning of life——especially with low level of life goals and future expectations——from in the first study to participate in the research. They are divided into experimental group and control group. Before the experiment, I use the meaning of life survey questionnaire, and interpersonal relationship comprehensive diagnosis scale to test the two test again. And then I interfere with the interpersonal relationship of experimental group in order to improve the level of the meaning of life. I give two groups test twice by the meaning of life questionnaire, interpersonal relationship comprehensive diagnostic scale after the experiment. The interval is one week. Finally, I do data analysis and get the main conclusion the following:
(1) The intervention is effective that I interfere with the interpersonal relationship of experimental group in order to improve the level of the meaning of life.
引文
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