移动计算环境下检查点回卷恢复容错技术研究
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摘要
高性能计算、互联网、无线通信、分布式计算、普适计算和云计算等领域的迅速发展，极大地推动了移动计算技术的发展。与传统固定有线分布式环境相比，移动计算系统具备临时搭建、自治、节点移动和网络拓扑结构易变等特点，拥有广阔的应用前景。但移动计算环境下进程发生故障的概率远大于传统的有线分布式计算系统，有线分布式计算系统的检查点回卷恢复容错技术已无法适用移动计算环境，因此，为移动计算系统设计高效的检查点回卷恢复容错机制是十分有意义的。依据检查点回卷恢复容错机制的研究现状和存在问题，本文围绕移动计算环境下检查点回卷恢复容错技术开展相关研究，具体包括：
（1）对移动计算环境下进程日志存储维护进行了研究，基于m-MSS-m模型和进程分段确定性执行模型假定，提出了低开销的进程事件日志记录机制。该机制具备以下特点：移动支持站统一存储维护服务组内移动主机计算进程检查点、事件日志和日志间先于偏序依赖关系；各进程检查点信息和事件日志以确定因子的形式记录于一维数组；计算进程历经事件间先于偏序依赖关系由数组元素的先后顺序表示；进程日志先被同步记录到移动支持站的高速内存，仅在特定事件的触发下异步更新到可靠存储设备。
（2）对移动计算环境下故障进程故障进程回卷恢复进行了研究，针对设计的进程事件日志记录机制提出了故障进程回卷恢复机制。该恢复机制与日志记录机制构成了基于事件日志的检查点回卷恢复容错机制。完备容错日志情况下，基于事件日志检查点回卷恢复容错机制能够支持故障计算进程独立异步地实现一致性恢复；不完备容错日志情况下，基于事件日志检查点回卷恢复容错机制仍能够协同本服务组内计算进程实现一致性恢复。
（3）对移动计算环境下进程容错信息迁移维护进行了研究，为兼顾计算进程无故障运行和故障后回卷恢复期间的系统性能，提出了基于冗余信息分块的弱迁移管理机制。逻辑上移动主机进程容错信息被移动支持站分割为核心和非核心两部分，移动主机迁移期间不同容错信息的维护时机和调度方式实行差异化管理，并推导出了确定计算进程核心和非核心容错信息大小的约束条件。
（4）对容错机制中进程检查点间隔的求解进行了研究，针对进程泊松故障分布，提出了一种基于拉普拉斯变换的等距进程检查点间隔分析求解模型以确保容错机制的整体性能。为应对其它进程故障分布情形，基于简易的进程检查点计时方式，推导出了容错机制系统平均利用率的表达式，并以此得到了优化进程检查点间隔的约束条件，提出了一种准最优进程检查点序列的通用确定算法。
性能分析表明为移动计算系统设计的基于事件日志检查点回卷恢复机制在容错日志信息记录维护、进程状态先于偏序依赖关系存储维护、故障进程回卷恢复、进程容错信息迁移维护和求解优化检查点间隔序列等方面表现优异。本文研究成果是提升移动计算系统可靠性的有效容错措施。
With the rapid development of the high performance computing, internet, wirelesscommunication, distributed computing, pervasive computing and cloud computing fields, thedevelopment of the mobile computing technology has been greatly promoted. Compared tothe traditional wired distributed computing environment, mobile computing system has broadapplication foreground due to its various features, such as celerity of setting, autonomy,dynamic mobility of the node, flexibility of topological structure and equivalence. However,the process failure event probability of mobile computing environment is greater than that ofthe traditional wired distributed computing system. The checkpoint and rollback recoveryfault tolerant mechanism for the wired distributed computing system is inappropriate for themobile computing environment. Therefore, it is meaningful to design an appropriate efficientcheckpoint and rollback recovery fault tolerant mechanism for mobile computing system.According to the current researches and existent problems of the fault tolerant schemes, thisdissertation is mainly focus on the checkpoint and rollback recovery fault tolerant techniquesfor mobile computing environment. The contents of the dissertation are:
(1) The storage and maintenance of the process log for mobile computing is studied. Alow overhead process event logging mechanism has been proposed based on m-MSS-mmodel and the piece-wise deterministic execution model assumptions. In the proposal, thecheckpoint, the event log and the happened-before relation of the mobile host process in thelocal cell are stored and managed by the mobile support station uniformly. The checkpointand the event log in the form of the determinant are recorded in the single-dimensional array.Specifically, the happened-before relation among the event experienced by the process isindicated by the sequence of the array. The process log is recorded in the high-speed memoryof the mobile support station synchronously, and the log is flushed into the reliable storageupon the special event asynchronously.
(2) The rollback recovery of the failure process for mobile computing is studied. Arollback recovery mechanism of the failure process has been proposed according to theproposed logging mechanism. The recovery and logging mechanism constitute the checkpointand rollback recovery fault tolerant mechanism based on the event logging. In the case of the complete fault tolerant log, the failure process can implement independent consistent rollbackrecovery. In the case of the incomplete fault tolerant log, the processes in the local cell requireimplementing a coordinate consistent rollback recovery.
(3) The handoff maintenance of the process recovery information for mobile computingis studied. To balance the system performance during the failure-free execution phase and therollback recovery phase after the failure event, a weak handoff management mechanism basedon the redundant information partition is proposed. Logically, the fault tolerant information ofa mobile host is partitioned into two parts, including the kernel and un-kernel parts. When amobile host incurs a handoff, the different fault tolerant logs are managed in times anddifferent styles. Finally, the constraint for determining the kernel and un-kernel part amountsof the process is derived in this dissertation.
(4) The determination of the process checkpoint interval in the fault tolerant mechanismis studied. For Passion failure distribution, an equidistant checkpoint interval based onLaplace Transformation is proposed to ensure the entire performance of the fault tolerantmechanism for mobile computing. For the other arbitrary failure distribution, the averageprocess computation effective rate of the fault tolerant mechanism is derived based on asimple checkpointing timing method. The general constraint of the optimality is presentedaccording to the average process computation effective rate, and a general checkpointscheduling algorithm is developed to perform a qausi-optimal process checkpoint sequence.
The performance analysis shows that the proposed fault tolerant mechanism for mobilecomputing is considerable in various aspects, such as the recording and maintenance of theprocess checkpoints and logs, the recording and maintenance of happened-before relationamong the processes, the determination of optimal checkpoint interval, the handoffmaintenance of the fault tolerant information and the independence of the rollback recoveryprocess. The research result of this dissertation is an efficient fault tolerant mechanism for thereliability of mobile computing.
（1）对移动计算环境下进程日志存储维护进行了研究，基于m-MSS-m模型和进程分段确定性执行模型假定，提出了低开销的进程事件日志记录机制。该机制具备以下特点：移动支持站统一存储维护服务组内移动主机计算进程检查点、事件日志和日志间先于偏序依赖关系；各进程检查点信息和事件日志以确定因子的形式记录于一维数组；计算进程历经事件间先于偏序依赖关系由数组元素的先后顺序表示；进程日志先被同步记录到移动支持站的高速内存，仅在特定事件的触发下异步更新到可靠存储设备。
（2）对移动计算环境下故障进程故障进程回卷恢复进行了研究，针对设计的进程事件日志记录机制提出了故障进程回卷恢复机制。该恢复机制与日志记录机制构成了基于事件日志的检查点回卷恢复容错机制。完备容错日志情况下，基于事件日志检查点回卷恢复容错机制能够支持故障计算进程独立异步地实现一致性恢复；不完备容错日志情况下，基于事件日志检查点回卷恢复容错机制仍能够协同本服务组内计算进程实现一致性恢复。
（3）对移动计算环境下进程容错信息迁移维护进行了研究，为兼顾计算进程无故障运行和故障后回卷恢复期间的系统性能，提出了基于冗余信息分块的弱迁移管理机制。逻辑上移动主机进程容错信息被移动支持站分割为核心和非核心两部分，移动主机迁移期间不同容错信息的维护时机和调度方式实行差异化管理，并推导出了确定计算进程核心和非核心容错信息大小的约束条件。
（4）对容错机制中进程检查点间隔的求解进行了研究，针对进程泊松故障分布，提出了一种基于拉普拉斯变换的等距进程检查点间隔分析求解模型以确保容错机制的整体性能。为应对其它进程故障分布情形，基于简易的进程检查点计时方式，推导出了容错机制系统平均利用率的表达式，并以此得到了优化进程检查点间隔的约束条件，提出了一种准最优进程检查点序列的通用确定算法。
性能分析表明为移动计算系统设计的基于事件日志检查点回卷恢复机制在容错日志信息记录维护、进程状态先于偏序依赖关系存储维护、故障进程回卷恢复、进程容错信息迁移维护和求解优化检查点间隔序列等方面表现优异。本文研究成果是提升移动计算系统可靠性的有效容错措施。
With the rapid development of the high performance computing, internet, wirelesscommunication, distributed computing, pervasive computing and cloud computing fields, thedevelopment of the mobile computing technology has been greatly promoted. Compared tothe traditional wired distributed computing environment, mobile computing system has broadapplication foreground due to its various features, such as celerity of setting, autonomy,dynamic mobility of the node, flexibility of topological structure and equivalence. However,the process failure event probability of mobile computing environment is greater than that ofthe traditional wired distributed computing system. The checkpoint and rollback recoveryfault tolerant mechanism for the wired distributed computing system is inappropriate for themobile computing environment. Therefore, it is meaningful to design an appropriate efficientcheckpoint and rollback recovery fault tolerant mechanism for mobile computing system.According to the current researches and existent problems of the fault tolerant schemes, thisdissertation is mainly focus on the checkpoint and rollback recovery fault tolerant techniquesfor mobile computing environment. The contents of the dissertation are:
(1) The storage and maintenance of the process log for mobile computing is studied. Alow overhead process event logging mechanism has been proposed based on m-MSS-mmodel and the piece-wise deterministic execution model assumptions. In the proposal, thecheckpoint, the event log and the happened-before relation of the mobile host process in thelocal cell are stored and managed by the mobile support station uniformly. The checkpointand the event log in the form of the determinant are recorded in the single-dimensional array.Specifically, the happened-before relation among the event experienced by the process isindicated by the sequence of the array. The process log is recorded in the high-speed memoryof the mobile support station synchronously, and the log is flushed into the reliable storageupon the special event asynchronously.
(2) The rollback recovery of the failure process for mobile computing is studied. Arollback recovery mechanism of the failure process has been proposed according to theproposed logging mechanism. The recovery and logging mechanism constitute the checkpointand rollback recovery fault tolerant mechanism based on the event logging. In the case of the complete fault tolerant log, the failure process can implement independent consistent rollbackrecovery. In the case of the incomplete fault tolerant log, the processes in the local cell requireimplementing a coordinate consistent rollback recovery.
(3) The handoff maintenance of the process recovery information for mobile computingis studied. To balance the system performance during the failure-free execution phase and therollback recovery phase after the failure event, a weak handoff management mechanism basedon the redundant information partition is proposed. Logically, the fault tolerant information ofa mobile host is partitioned into two parts, including the kernel and un-kernel parts. When amobile host incurs a handoff, the different fault tolerant logs are managed in times anddifferent styles. Finally, the constraint for determining the kernel and un-kernel part amountsof the process is derived in this dissertation.
(4) The determination of the process checkpoint interval in the fault tolerant mechanismis studied. For Passion failure distribution, an equidistant checkpoint interval based onLaplace Transformation is proposed to ensure the entire performance of the fault tolerantmechanism for mobile computing. For the other arbitrary failure distribution, the averageprocess computation effective rate of the fault tolerant mechanism is derived based on asimple checkpointing timing method. The general constraint of the optimality is presentedaccording to the average process computation effective rate, and a general checkpointscheduling algorithm is developed to perform a qausi-optimal process checkpoint sequence.
The performance analysis shows that the proposed fault tolerant mechanism for mobilecomputing is considerable in various aspects, such as the recording and maintenance of theprocess checkpoints and logs, the recording and maintenance of happened-before relationamong the processes, the determination of optimal checkpoint interval, the handoffmaintenance of the fault tolerant information and the independence of the rollback recoveryprocess. The research result of this dissertation is an efficient fault tolerant mechanism for thereliability of mobile computing.
引文
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