基于印刷中龟纹抑制的研究
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摘要
在彩色印刷中,龟纹的出现严重影响了印刷品的质量。所以,有效抑制龟纹的出现,既改善了印刷品质量,又提高了生产效率。本论文的研究目的:通过分析龟纹产生的机理及影响因素,针对不同的龟纹类型提出不同的抑制方法。首先,本文借助鱼骨图分析的方法,得出在彩色印刷中的两种重要龟纹:半色调印刷品扫描龟纹以及分色制版龟纹。然后,通过理论分析半色调图像扫描龟纹和分色制版龟纹的产生的原因以及影响因素。其次,分别对以上两种不同的龟纹提出不同的抑制方法。最后,通过实验验证方法的可行性。本文的重点是:半色调扫描龟纹和分色制版龟纹的机理分析和实验分析。对于半色调扫描龟纹,本文将借助傅立叶变换分析半色调加网同扫描网屏之间的混淆现象。对于分色制版中的龟纹,本文将以几何学和傅立叶光谱分析为基础,使用一个光学模型来分析重叠过程中的龟纹现象。从最简单的情况入手,逐步地讨论余弦曲线栅格的重叠,方形栅格以及网点网屏的重叠。然后,以这些结果为基础,从动态学的角度来分析龟纹现象。
In the color printing, the appearance of moire has affected the print quality seriously. Therefore, if we can effectively suppress the appearance of the moire, which will improve both the print quality and the production efficiency .The purpose of this article is to propose different ways for different type moires in color printing. Firstly, with the aid of the fish bones chart analysis method, this article points out two most important moires in color printing: moire in scanned halftone picture and moire in color seperation. Then, analyse the reasons and the main influencing factors of the above two moires. Next, separately proposes the different suppression method for the two different moires.Finally, confirms the the feasibility of the methods through the experiments. The key points of this article are the mechanism analysis of the moire in scanned halftone picture and the moire in color seperation and the experiments. Regarding the moire in scanned halftone picture, this article will rely on the Fourier transform to describe the confusion between halftone screen and scanning screen. About the moire in color seperation, this article depends on an optical model to analyse the superposed moire patterns in halftone screen based on the geometry and the Fourier spectral analysis. After examining the basic case of cosinusoidal grating superpositions, step by step, through the cases of square grids and dot screens. Then, based on these results, we focus on the moire phenomenon from the view of the dynamic point .
In the color printing, the appearance of moire has affected the print quality seriously. Therefore, if we can effectively suppress the appearance of the moire, which will improve both the print quality and the production efficiency .The purpose of this article is to propose different ways for different type moires in color printing. Firstly, with the aid of the fish bones chart analysis method, this article points out two most important moires in color printing: moire in scanned halftone picture and moire in color seperation. Then, analyse the reasons and the main influencing factors of the above two moires. Next, separately proposes the different suppression method for the two different moires.Finally, confirms the the feasibility of the methods through the experiments. The key points of this article are the mechanism analysis of the moire in scanned halftone picture and the moire in color seperation and the experiments. Regarding the moire in scanned halftone picture, this article will rely on the Fourier transform to describe the confusion between halftone screen and scanning screen. About the moire in color seperation, this article depends on an optical model to analyse the superposed moire patterns in halftone screen based on the geometry and the Fourier spectral analysis. After examining the basic case of cosinusoidal grating superpositions, step by step, through the cases of square grids and dot screens. Then, based on these results, we focus on the moire phenomenon from the view of the dynamic point .
引文
1. G. Oster.The Science of Moire Patterns, 2nd ed.[M], Edmund Scientific Co,1969
2. The ocaris. Moire Fringes in Strain Analysis[J]. Pergamon Press,U.K,1969
3. H. Takasaki. Moire topography. AppI. Opt, 1970 (6):1467-1472
4. Y. Nishijima , Oster. Moire patterns. Their application to refractive index and refractive index gradient measurements.Opt. Soc. Am, 1964,54(1):1-5
5. Song Yang, Zhengning Tang, Ruyun Qu. The control technologies of the moiréin screen printing. The 1st International Conference on Graphic Communications, Wuhan,China,2006: 317-324
6.赵银娣.浅谈数字加网[J].今日印刷,2003(5):40-41
7.耿丽萍.数字化印刷中的加网技术[J].印刷世界,2003(2):21-22
8.黄灵阁,段华伟.数字加网新技术的研究进展[J].包装工程, 2004(25):24-26
9.李飞,唐正宁.数字加网技术[J].包装工程, 2005(05):43-52
10.孙寅,杨松,瞿茹芸.扫描半色调图像所产生龟纹的抑制[J].包装工程,2007,10(28): 14-16
11. X. Liu, R. Ehrich. Analysis of moire patterns in non-uniformly sampled halftones. Image and Vision Computing , 2000(18): 843–848
12. D. Kermisch, P.G. Roetling. Fourier spectrum of halftone images. Journal of Optical Society of America, 1975(65): 716–723
13. James Ching-Yu Yang, Wen-Hsiang Tsai. Suppression of moire patterns in scanned halftone images by double scans with grid movements. Pattern Recognition Letters, 1997(18):213-217.
14. James Chingyu Yang, Wen-Hsiang Tsai. Suppression of moire patterns in scanned halftone images. Signal Processing, 1998(70):23-42
15. TSUNG NAN LIN. Adaptive-Hierarchical-Filtering Technique for High Quality Magazine Image Reproduction. Journal of VLSI Signal Processing , 2005(39):237–247
16. Rosenfeld and A.C. Kak, Digital Picture Processing, Chapter4, 2nd ed.[M], New York: Academic Press, 1981
17. T.S. Huang. Digital Transmission of Halftone Pictures. ComputerGraphics and ImageProcessing, 1974(vol. 3):195–202
18. Xiangdong Liu. Analysis and Reduction of Moire Patterns in Scanned Halftone Pictures [D].[博士学位论文], Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1996
19. J.P. Allebach and B. Liu. Analysis of Halftone Dot Profile and Aliasing in the Discrete Binary Representation on Images. Opt. Soc. Am., 1977(vol. 67):1147–1154.
20. J. Shu, R. Springer, C. Yeh. Moire Factors and Visibility in Scanned and Printed Halftone images. Optical Engineering, 1989(vol. 28): 805–812
21. D. Kermisch and P.G. Roetling. Fourier Spectrum of Halftone Images. Opt. Soc. Am., 1975 (vol. 65):716–723
22. Y. Fukuda. Analysis of superposed moire patterns in halftone screen.Systems and Computers in Japan , 1990, 21(2):105-111
23. K. Patorski. Handbook of the Moire Fringe Technique[M]. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1993
24. Glassner. Inside Moire Patterns. IEEE Computer Graphics Application, 1997(vol. 17):97–101
25. P. Pochec. Moire Patterns in Disparity Measurement. IEEE Proceedings Communications, Computers and Signal Processing, 1995:420–422
26. P.G. Roetling. Halftone method with edge enhancement and moire sppression[J]. Opt. Soc. Amer,1976, 66(10): 985-989
27. Bryngdahl. Moire: Formation and interpretation. Opt.Soc. Ame., 1974(vol. 64): 1287–1294
28. YANG Song, TANG Zhengn ing, QU Ruyun. Discussion on Moire Phenomena in Color Screen Printing. PACKAGING ENGINEER ING , 2006(5):108-110
29. R. N. Bracewell.The Fourier Transform and its Applications, 2nd ed. [M]. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1986
30. R. W. G. Hunt.The Reproduction of Colour in Photography, 4th edition [M]. England: Printing and Television, 1987
31. J. A. C. Yule. Moire Patterns and Screen Angles[M]. Chap. 13 in Principles of Color Reproduction,1967:328-345
32. G. Oster, M. Wasserman and C. Zwerling. Theoretical interpretation of moirépatterns. Jour. of the Optical Society of America, 1964, 54(2):169–175.
33. Amidror. The Theory of the Moire phenomenon[M]. Computational Imaging and Vision, vol. 15, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2000
34. Isaac Amidror,Roger D. Hersch,Victor Ostromoukhov. Spectral analysis and minimization of moire patterns in color separation. Journal of Electronic Imaging,1994(6): 295-317
35. J. Schoppmeyer. Screen systems for multicolor printing[P]. U.S. Patent No. 4,537,470.1985
36.骆光林,芦宁.一种消除龟纹的新型技术Photoshop[J].印刷技术,2003(8)
37.张逸新.现代制版技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.12
38.陈德山.如何减弱网版上的龟纹[J].网印工艺,2005(10):8-11
39.张霞.丝印彩色阶调图像复制要点[J].印刷杂志,2000(8):45-47
40.刘天江.阶调网印中的问题及解决办法[J].丝网印刷,2005(5):11-12
41.康启来.网纹版角度的合理安排[J].印刷质量与标准化,2005(6):37-39
2. The ocaris. Moire Fringes in Strain Analysis[J]. Pergamon Press,U.K,1969
3. H. Takasaki. Moire topography. AppI. Opt, 1970 (6):1467-1472
4. Y. Nishijima , Oster. Moire patterns. Their application to refractive index and refractive index gradient measurements.Opt. Soc. Am, 1964,54(1):1-5
5. Song Yang, Zhengning Tang, Ruyun Qu. The control technologies of the moiréin screen printing. The 1st International Conference on Graphic Communications, Wuhan,China,2006: 317-324
6.赵银娣.浅谈数字加网[J].今日印刷,2003(5):40-41
7.耿丽萍.数字化印刷中的加网技术[J].印刷世界,2003(2):21-22
8.黄灵阁,段华伟.数字加网新技术的研究进展[J].包装工程, 2004(25):24-26
9.李飞,唐正宁.数字加网技术[J].包装工程, 2005(05):43-52
10.孙寅,杨松,瞿茹芸.扫描半色调图像所产生龟纹的抑制[J].包装工程,2007,10(28): 14-16
11. X. Liu, R. Ehrich. Analysis of moire patterns in non-uniformly sampled halftones. Image and Vision Computing , 2000(18): 843–848
12. D. Kermisch, P.G. Roetling. Fourier spectrum of halftone images. Journal of Optical Society of America, 1975(65): 716–723
13. James Ching-Yu Yang, Wen-Hsiang Tsai. Suppression of moire patterns in scanned halftone images by double scans with grid movements. Pattern Recognition Letters, 1997(18):213-217.
14. James Chingyu Yang, Wen-Hsiang Tsai. Suppression of moire patterns in scanned halftone images. Signal Processing, 1998(70):23-42
15. TSUNG NAN LIN. Adaptive-Hierarchical-Filtering Technique for High Quality Magazine Image Reproduction. Journal of VLSI Signal Processing , 2005(39):237–247
16. Rosenfeld and A.C. Kak, Digital Picture Processing, Chapter4, 2nd ed.[M], New York: Academic Press, 1981
17. T.S. Huang. Digital Transmission of Halftone Pictures. ComputerGraphics and ImageProcessing, 1974(vol. 3):195–202
18. Xiangdong Liu. Analysis and Reduction of Moire Patterns in Scanned Halftone Pictures [D].[博士学位论文], Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1996
19. J.P. Allebach and B. Liu. Analysis of Halftone Dot Profile and Aliasing in the Discrete Binary Representation on Images. Opt. Soc. Am., 1977(vol. 67):1147–1154.
20. J. Shu, R. Springer, C. Yeh. Moire Factors and Visibility in Scanned and Printed Halftone images. Optical Engineering, 1989(vol. 28): 805–812
21. D. Kermisch and P.G. Roetling. Fourier Spectrum of Halftone Images. Opt. Soc. Am., 1975 (vol. 65):716–723
22. Y. Fukuda. Analysis of superposed moire patterns in halftone screen.Systems and Computers in Japan , 1990, 21(2):105-111
23. K. Patorski. Handbook of the Moire Fringe Technique[M]. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1993
24. Glassner. Inside Moire Patterns. IEEE Computer Graphics Application, 1997(vol. 17):97–101
25. P. Pochec. Moire Patterns in Disparity Measurement. IEEE Proceedings Communications, Computers and Signal Processing, 1995:420–422
26. P.G. Roetling. Halftone method with edge enhancement and moire sppression[J]. Opt. Soc. Amer,1976, 66(10): 985-989
27. Bryngdahl. Moire: Formation and interpretation. Opt.Soc. Ame., 1974(vol. 64): 1287–1294
28. YANG Song, TANG Zhengn ing, QU Ruyun. Discussion on Moire Phenomena in Color Screen Printing. PACKAGING ENGINEER ING , 2006(5):108-110
29. R. N. Bracewell.The Fourier Transform and its Applications, 2nd ed. [M]. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1986
30. R. W. G. Hunt.The Reproduction of Colour in Photography, 4th edition [M]. England: Printing and Television, 1987
31. J. A. C. Yule. Moire Patterns and Screen Angles[M]. Chap. 13 in Principles of Color Reproduction,1967:328-345
32. G. Oster, M. Wasserman and C. Zwerling. Theoretical interpretation of moirépatterns. Jour. of the Optical Society of America, 1964, 54(2):169–175.
33. Amidror. The Theory of the Moire phenomenon[M]. Computational Imaging and Vision, vol. 15, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2000
34. Isaac Amidror,Roger D. Hersch,Victor Ostromoukhov. Spectral analysis and minimization of moire patterns in color separation. Journal of Electronic Imaging,1994(6): 295-317
35. J. Schoppmeyer. Screen systems for multicolor printing[P]. U.S. Patent No. 4,537,470.1985
36.骆光林,芦宁.一种消除龟纹的新型技术Photoshop[J].印刷技术,2003(8)
37.张逸新.现代制版技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.12
38.陈德山.如何减弱网版上的龟纹[J].网印工艺,2005(10):8-11
39.张霞.丝印彩色阶调图像复制要点[J].印刷杂志,2000(8):45-47
40.刘天江.阶调网印中的问题及解决办法[J].丝网印刷,2005(5):11-12
41.康启来.网纹版角度的合理安排[J].印刷质量与标准化,2005(6):37-39