穿戴式生理参数检测模块设计及低功耗与微型化研究
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摘要
穿戴式医疗检测技术早期用于航空和军事等特殊领域。随着科技的发展已经向临床监护、家庭保健和特殊人群等方面推广,克服了传统有线检测的局限,实现自然状态下的监测和远程监护,为个性化医疗提供一种手段,也为医疗健康面向社区和家庭提供了一种解决方案。本文设计了以CC2430为核心,集信号采集、无线通信以及数据处理等功能为一体的生理参数检测模块,并对低功耗与微型化设计进行了研究。
以TI公司推出的片上系统CC2430为基础,设计了穿戴式生理参数检测系统的结构,完成了ZigBee传感器节点的硬件设计。该芯片内置了RF射频、ADC、串口等模块,可以完成信号采集、通信和前段处理。重点解决了CC2430硬件资源分配及外围电路设计、单节锂电池供电系统的电源管理及充电技术、内嵌PCB天线、接口微型化和高速PCB布局及布线等问题,完成节点制版和调试。
设计了可穿戴的心电和血氧检测模块。在深入研究了生理参数产生机理及检测原理的前提下,通过对传统生理参数检测模块的分析、比较和总结,设计出模块检测电路,可以完成标准三导联连续心电信号检测与透射式血氧饱和度测量。
详细分析了医疗传感器节点功耗产生的主要因素,阐述了在进行低功耗设计时应注意的事项,并提出了一些解决措施,例如休眠机制、代码优化、选用低功耗与低电压芯片和功耗动态管理;同时介绍了微型化设计方面所用的方法,采用贴片式小封装器件、柔性扁平线及微型接口、内嵌PCB天线、硬件时分复用以及硬件软件化思想来裁剪电路,达到微型化的目的。各模块具有选择适应性强、使用方便、体积小、功耗小等优点,并且易于实现用户随身穿戴。
构建一套简单的测试系统,包括基于ZigBee精简版协议栈的星型网络和监护界面。利用各穿戴式检测模块进行了测试,完成信号采集、无线通信、波形实时显示和回放。同时各模块体积明显减小,应用灵活方便,基本达到穿戴式检测的要求。
Early wearable technology for medical is used in military and aviation. However, along with the development of science and technology, it widely used in clinical, home health care and special populations care. It overcomes the limitations of traditional wired detection and can acquire the physical parameters in natural state. What’s more, it provides an effective solution of personalized wireless health care for community and home. This paper designs modules of physical parameters detection, which have the function of signal acquisition, wireless communication and data processing with CC2430 as the core. And then, make some studies on low power and miniaturization.
Completes hardware design of ZigBee sensor nodes based on TI’s SOC CC2430 that built-in RF radio frequency, ADC, UART modules, which can perform signal acquisition, communication and processing of front-end. And put emphasis on solving the CC2430 hardware resource allocation and peripheral circuit design, power management and charging with battery-powered, PCB antenna, miniaturization interface and high-speed PCB layout.
Designs three-lead ECG and Oxygen saturation wearable modules thought comparison, analysis and summary with the traditional detection modules.
Details analysis the main factors of power consumption of the medical sensor node and elaborate the announcements under low power system design. Then present some solutions, such as sleep mechanism, code optimization, selection chips of same power-supply with one company produces and dynamic power management. Also, it lists some solutions in miniaturization, such as using SMD (Surface Mounted Device) with small package, FFC (Flexible Flat Cable) and FFC connector, embedded PCB antennas and time multiplexing the hardware. Each module has the advantages of strong adaptability, easy-to-use, small size, low power consumption and easy for user to wear.
We built a simple test system for hardware test, including a star-like network with simple ZigBee protocol stack and monitoring GUI, which can realize data collection, wireless communication, real-time wave display and playback. Finally, we make some test with the modules and the results indicate that the signals that wearable hardware modules acquired reflect the signal characteristics, which significantly reduced the module size and easy-operating for wearable monitoring.
以TI公司推出的片上系统CC2430为基础,设计了穿戴式生理参数检测系统的结构,完成了ZigBee传感器节点的硬件设计。该芯片内置了RF射频、ADC、串口等模块,可以完成信号采集、通信和前段处理。重点解决了CC2430硬件资源分配及外围电路设计、单节锂电池供电系统的电源管理及充电技术、内嵌PCB天线、接口微型化和高速PCB布局及布线等问题,完成节点制版和调试。
设计了可穿戴的心电和血氧检测模块。在深入研究了生理参数产生机理及检测原理的前提下,通过对传统生理参数检测模块的分析、比较和总结,设计出模块检测电路,可以完成标准三导联连续心电信号检测与透射式血氧饱和度测量。
详细分析了医疗传感器节点功耗产生的主要因素,阐述了在进行低功耗设计时应注意的事项,并提出了一些解决措施,例如休眠机制、代码优化、选用低功耗与低电压芯片和功耗动态管理;同时介绍了微型化设计方面所用的方法,采用贴片式小封装器件、柔性扁平线及微型接口、内嵌PCB天线、硬件时分复用以及硬件软件化思想来裁剪电路,达到微型化的目的。各模块具有选择适应性强、使用方便、体积小、功耗小等优点,并且易于实现用户随身穿戴。
构建一套简单的测试系统,包括基于ZigBee精简版协议栈的星型网络和监护界面。利用各穿戴式检测模块进行了测试,完成信号采集、无线通信、波形实时显示和回放。同时各模块体积明显减小,应用灵活方便,基本达到穿戴式检测的要求。
Early wearable technology for medical is used in military and aviation. However, along with the development of science and technology, it widely used in clinical, home health care and special populations care. It overcomes the limitations of traditional wired detection and can acquire the physical parameters in natural state. What’s more, it provides an effective solution of personalized wireless health care for community and home. This paper designs modules of physical parameters detection, which have the function of signal acquisition, wireless communication and data processing with CC2430 as the core. And then, make some studies on low power and miniaturization.
Completes hardware design of ZigBee sensor nodes based on TI’s SOC CC2430 that built-in RF radio frequency, ADC, UART modules, which can perform signal acquisition, communication and processing of front-end. And put emphasis on solving the CC2430 hardware resource allocation and peripheral circuit design, power management and charging with battery-powered, PCB antenna, miniaturization interface and high-speed PCB layout.
Designs three-lead ECG and Oxygen saturation wearable modules thought comparison, analysis and summary with the traditional detection modules.
Details analysis the main factors of power consumption of the medical sensor node and elaborate the announcements under low power system design. Then present some solutions, such as sleep mechanism, code optimization, selection chips of same power-supply with one company produces and dynamic power management. Also, it lists some solutions in miniaturization, such as using SMD (Surface Mounted Device) with small package, FFC (Flexible Flat Cable) and FFC connector, embedded PCB antennas and time multiplexing the hardware. Each module has the advantages of strong adaptability, easy-to-use, small size, low power consumption and easy for user to wear.
We built a simple test system for hardware test, including a star-like network with simple ZigBee protocol stack and monitoring GUI, which can realize data collection, wireless communication, real-time wave display and playback. Finally, we make some test with the modules and the results indicate that the signals that wearable hardware modules acquired reflect the signal characteristics, which significantly reduced the module size and easy-operating for wearable monitoring.
引文
[1]孙荣国,黄勇,曾智.积极探索建设数字化医院,努力提高医疗服务质量[C].现代预防医学, 2008, 35(02): 279-285
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[4] Gopalsamy C, Park S, Rajamanickam R, et al. The wearable motherboard: The first generation of adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) for medical applications [J]. Virtual Reality, 1999, 4:152-168
[5]乔桦.基于ZigBee的医院监护系统的研究和设计[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文. 2007. 9
[6] Su Ho Lee, Seok Myung Jung, Chung Ki Lee, Kee Sam Jeong, Gilsoo Cho, and Sun K. Yoo. Wearable ECG Monitoring System Using Conductive Fabrics and Active Electrodes [J]. Human-Computer Interaction, 2009: 778-783
[7] Amit Baxi. A Self-Managing Framework for Health Monitoring [J]. Intel Technology Journal, Nov. 2006: 313-325
[8] L. Wang, B. P. L. Lo, and G. Z. Yang. Multichannel reflective PPG ear-pieces sensor with passive motion cancellation [J]. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., Dec. 2007, 01(04): 235-241
[9] H. H. Asada, P. Shaltis, A. Reisner, R. Sokwoo, and R. C. Hutchinson. Mobile monitoring with wearable photoplethysmographic biosensors [J]. IEEE Eng. Med. Bio. Mag., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 28-40, May/Jun. 2003.
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[16]戴松青.基于低频唤醒的半主动式无线医疗监护节点设计[J].科技资讯. 2008, 25:248-249
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[21]张晓栋.基于无线网络的家庭安放系统的硬件设计[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文. 2008, 5
[22]王保华.生物医学测量与仪器[M].上海:复旦大学出版社, 2003: 24-79
[23]王金凤,王戈.心电图的识别与病人的护理[M].国外医学:护理学分册, 2001, 20(1): 2-10
[24] DAVITA. Standard ECG-Records [EB]. http://www.davita-shop.co.uk/ecg-instruments.html
[25]程楠.便携式心电监护仪的硬件设计[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文. 2009, 4
[26]刘克球.生物医学电子学[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1988: 126-127
[27] Murugavel Raju. Heart-Rate and EKG Monitor Using the MSP430FG439 [EB]. http://www.ti.com
[28] Vishal Markandey. ECG Implementation on the TMS320VC5505 DSP Medical Development kit [EB]. http://focus.ti.com/general/docs/lit
[29]李立策.可穿戴式远程医疗系统用户端心电信号的实时检测[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2008, 6
[30]王景灿.可穿戴式远程医疗系统用户端的硬件研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2008, 6
[31]徐勇.非侵入式脉搏血氧检测系统关键技术研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2008, 5
[32]赵斐.腕带式人体生理参数采集和无线监护系统的研究[D].北京工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006, 5
[33]张宁.无创血氧饱和度监测系统及其关键技术研究[D].第一军医大学硕士论文. 2004, 5
[34]张俊利,蔺嫦燕.容积脉搏波的检测方法及其在评价心血管功能方面的应用[J]. 2007,26(2)
[35]赵莉.反射式血氧饱和度检测系统的研究[D].北京工业大学硕士学位论文. 2003, 3
[36]邓亲恺.现代医学仪器设计原理[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004: 8-15
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[2]杨谦,何明霞.我国医疗监护技术的最新进展[J].医疗卫生装备, 2006, 27(08): 38-39
[3]余奎,林国庆,齐建平,等.现代医学监护仪的应用特点及发展趋势[J].医疗卫生装备, 2003, (11): 103-105
[4] Gopalsamy C, Park S, Rajamanickam R, et al. The wearable motherboard: The first generation of adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) for medical applications [J]. Virtual Reality, 1999, 4:152-168
[5]乔桦.基于ZigBee的医院监护系统的研究和设计[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文. 2007. 9
[6] Su Ho Lee, Seok Myung Jung, Chung Ki Lee, Kee Sam Jeong, Gilsoo Cho, and Sun K. Yoo. Wearable ECG Monitoring System Using Conductive Fabrics and Active Electrodes [J]. Human-Computer Interaction, 2009: 778-783
[7] Amit Baxi. A Self-Managing Framework for Health Monitoring [J]. Intel Technology Journal, Nov. 2006: 313-325
[8] L. Wang, B. P. L. Lo, and G. Z. Yang. Multichannel reflective PPG ear-pieces sensor with passive motion cancellation [J]. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., Dec. 2007, 01(04): 235-241
[9] H. H. Asada, P. Shaltis, A. Reisner, R. Sokwoo, and R. C. Hutchinson. Mobile monitoring with wearable photoplethysmographic biosensors [J]. IEEE Eng. Med. Bio. Mag., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 28-40, May/Jun. 2003.
[10] D. W. Ryoo, Y. S. Kim, and J. W. Lee. Wearable systems for service based on physiological signals[C]. in Proc. 27th Ann. Int. Conf. IEEE EMBS, Shanghai, China, Sep. 1-4, 2005, pp. 2437-2440
[11] U. Anliker, J. A. Ward, P. Lukowicz, G. Troster, F. Dolveck, M. Baer, F. Keita, E. Schenker, F. Catarsi, L. Coluccini, A. Belardinelli, D. Shklarski, M. Alon, E. Hirt, and M. Vuskovic. AMON: A wearable multi-parameter medical monitoring and alert system [J]. IEEE Trans. Inform. Technol. Biomed., Dec. 2004, 8: 415-427
[12] D. De Rossi, F. Carpi, F. LORUSSI, A. Mazzoldi, R. Paradiso, E. P. Scilingo, and A. Tognetti. Electroactive fabrics and wearable biomonitoring devices [J]. AUTEX Res. J., 2003, 3(04): 180-185
[13]郑进煖.基于WSN的可穿戴式生命特征监护设备的研制[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2008, 6
[14] Jianxin Zhu, Leina Gao, Xinfang Zhang. Preliminary research on wearable healthcare in ubiquitous computing age[C]. 2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, pp. 519-523
[15]曹靖华.基于无线传感器网络的远程医疗监护系统研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文. 2008, 2
[16]戴松青.基于低频唤醒的半主动式无线医疗监护节点设计[J].科技资讯. 2008, 25:248-249
[17]刘渝灿.基于CC2430片内温度传感器温度检测系统的设计[J].中国仪器仪表, 2008,7:40-45
[18]王进贤,王泉,王平,等.一种无线烟雾传感器节点的设计与实现[J].中国仪器仪表, 2008:40-45
[19] Audun Andersen. Antenna Selection Guide (Rev. A) [EB]. http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/swra161a
[20]陈彦明.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络节点设计及其应用开发[D].哈尔滨理工大学硕士学位论文. 2009, 3
[21]张晓栋.基于无线网络的家庭安放系统的硬件设计[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文. 2008, 5
[22]王保华.生物医学测量与仪器[M].上海:复旦大学出版社, 2003: 24-79
[23]王金凤,王戈.心电图的识别与病人的护理[M].国外医学:护理学分册, 2001, 20(1): 2-10
[24] DAVITA. Standard ECG-Records [EB]. http://www.davita-shop.co.uk/ecg-instruments.html
[25]程楠.便携式心电监护仪的硬件设计[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文. 2009, 4
[26]刘克球.生物医学电子学[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1988: 126-127
[27] Murugavel Raju. Heart-Rate and EKG Monitor Using the MSP430FG439 [EB]. http://www.ti.com
[28] Vishal Markandey. ECG Implementation on the TMS320VC5505 DSP Medical Development kit [EB]. http://focus.ti.com/general/docs/lit
[29]李立策.可穿戴式远程医疗系统用户端心电信号的实时检测[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2008, 6
[30]王景灿.可穿戴式远程医疗系统用户端的硬件研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2008, 6
[31]徐勇.非侵入式脉搏血氧检测系统关键技术研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2008, 5
[32]赵斐.腕带式人体生理参数采集和无线监护系统的研究[D].北京工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006, 5
[33]张宁.无创血氧饱和度监测系统及其关键技术研究[D].第一军医大学硕士论文. 2004, 5
[34]张俊利,蔺嫦燕.容积脉搏波的检测方法及其在评价心血管功能方面的应用[J]. 2007,26(2)
[35]赵莉.反射式血氧饱和度检测系统的研究[D].北京工业大学硕士学位论文. 2003, 3
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