IMT-Advanced移动通信系统中混合自动请求重传技术的研究
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摘要
混合ARQ技术(HARQ)结合了前向纠错(FEC)和反馈重发(ARQ)两者的优点,充分利用了重传和纠错机制,对数据包传输的可靠性以及系统吞吐量、频谱效率的提高都起着不可或缺的作用。因此,HARQ技术被列入了IEEE802.16系列标准的关键技术。特别是IEEE802.16e对此技术提出了非常明确的要求,在IMT-Advanced中沿用了IEEE802.16e的要求,并加入了新的元素。
本文在对IMT-Advanced兼容的基础上,搭建起HARQ系统结构,并在此之上提出使系统吞吐量、误包率进一步提升的改进方案,分别从编码方式、天线数量、重传次数等方面入手,提出了两种新的HARQ重传机制,并对其进行了评估,证明了其性能的可靠性。
本文首先分析了混合自动请求重传系统的基本原理,阐述了目前国内外在HARQ方面的研究现状,介绍了HARQ的三种基本结构及其各自的优缺点,并且分析了MIMO系统对HARQ机制的影响,着重分析了不同的线性空时编码在MIMO系统中的应用。
然后本文对HARQ系统进行了理论分析,研究了混合自动重传发送模式中的传输功率、调制比特数、编码速率及最大重传次数。同时对现有的天线选择算法进行进一步的探讨,重点研究了系统的最大信道容量和最小误码率。根据STBC在MIMO系统中增益特性,利用空时分组码的正交性来降低系统的计算复杂度,提出了基于改进的发射天线选择算法,并将其应用于MIMO-HARQ系统中。通过MATLAB仿真证明,改进的算法可以得到更多的天线增益及系统容量。
接下来提出了HARQ重传机制的最佳最大重传次数。如果采用无限次重传的HARQ,在信道过差的情况下有可能造成因重传次数太多而引起的吞吐量显著下降,更严重者会造成系统死锁。为了保证数据的传输质量,又要防止由于慢衰落条件下的信道长时间恶劣导致的某个用户的数据包一味地重发而浪费信道资源,通过MATLAB仿真验证将最大重传次数M设为3或4次为最佳。
最后本文利用前面所获得的理论基础,充分挖掘MIMO-HARQ系统的特性,根据不同的空时编码特性提出基于BLAST、LDC和STBC结合的HARQ机制,这种机制可以获得空时码的分集增益,而在信道条件好和信噪比高时,由于没有重传的发生而可以获得BLAST的复用增益,所以该机制可以得到空间分集与空时复用特性的良好折中。MATLAB仿真验证了该机制既能够提高MIMO-HARQ系统传输速率,也能够提高MIMO-HARQ系统的抗干扰性能。
Hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ) technique,which is a combination of forward error control and automatic repeat request,is the main support technique for the high speed data transmission in 3GPP standard.It is indispensable for improving of data correctness,throughput,spectral efficiency,and quality of service.HARQ technology is one of the key technologies in IEEE 802.16 protocols.It is specified in details in IEEE802.16e.IMT-Advanced follow the instructions in IEEE802.16e,and add up new elements in it.
Basing on the compatibility to IMT-Advanced,this thesis constructs a HARQ system.When the channel condition is bad,each packet is transmitted repeatedly, which lead to low reliability of the channel transmission.But the automatic repeat request could guarantee the correction of the packet,so it has high reliability.An improvement method of system throughput and packet error rate is put forward.Two new types HARQ scheme based on space-time codes are proposed and evaluated in this paper,and the main innovations and contributions are as follows:
Firstly,the theorem of HARQ system is analyzed,and the research depth and diredction is expounded.Base on the regulations that are described in IMT-Advanced standard,three different types of HARQ system and their corresponding algorithms are compared.And different time-space codes in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system are analyzed.
Secondly,the HARQ system is analyzed in theory.The relation among maximum retransmission times,power in every transmission,modulation bits,coding rate in HARQ transmission mode and the system throughput is studied.A novel method to reduce packet error rate(PER) of MIMO-HARQ systems based on Space-Time Block Code(STBC) is proposed.The transmit antennas are selected based on the feedback from the receiver.The modulated symbols are encoded by STBC and obtained space time code blocks suitable for the number of selected antennas.The total PER is given by defining the decoding function and the best value of the maximum number of HARQ retransmissions is discussed.Theory and simulation results illustrate that this new HARQ scheme with antenna selection method has lower PER and the result is also satisfying.
Finally,a new type HARQ scheme based on different space-time codes is proposed and evaluated.The new scheme is divided into three major steps which are V-BLAST processing and LDC processing also STBC processing.The orthogonal STBC can obtain all of the diversity gain of the MIMO system,the V-BLAST code can obtain all of the multiplexing gain of the MIMO system,and the LDC is the tradeoff between STBC and V-BLAST code.The traditional method simply retransfer signal,but the proposed method transfer the next line of data matrix and joint-decode them,so that can benefit from spatial diversity.At good condition of channel,the proposed method gets spatial multiplexing for retransfer hardly occur.The proposed method has the advantage of V-BLAST and LDC also STBC.It is a HARQ scheme that can improve transmit rate and improve resistance of interference at same time. Theory and simulation show the proposed method have higher throughput in most SNR regions and the gains are considerable.
本文在对IMT-Advanced兼容的基础上,搭建起HARQ系统结构,并在此之上提出使系统吞吐量、误包率进一步提升的改进方案,分别从编码方式、天线数量、重传次数等方面入手,提出了两种新的HARQ重传机制,并对其进行了评估,证明了其性能的可靠性。
本文首先分析了混合自动请求重传系统的基本原理,阐述了目前国内外在HARQ方面的研究现状,介绍了HARQ的三种基本结构及其各自的优缺点,并且分析了MIMO系统对HARQ机制的影响,着重分析了不同的线性空时编码在MIMO系统中的应用。
然后本文对HARQ系统进行了理论分析,研究了混合自动重传发送模式中的传输功率、调制比特数、编码速率及最大重传次数。同时对现有的天线选择算法进行进一步的探讨,重点研究了系统的最大信道容量和最小误码率。根据STBC在MIMO系统中增益特性,利用空时分组码的正交性来降低系统的计算复杂度,提出了基于改进的发射天线选择算法,并将其应用于MIMO-HARQ系统中。通过MATLAB仿真证明,改进的算法可以得到更多的天线增益及系统容量。
接下来提出了HARQ重传机制的最佳最大重传次数。如果采用无限次重传的HARQ,在信道过差的情况下有可能造成因重传次数太多而引起的吞吐量显著下降,更严重者会造成系统死锁。为了保证数据的传输质量,又要防止由于慢衰落条件下的信道长时间恶劣导致的某个用户的数据包一味地重发而浪费信道资源,通过MATLAB仿真验证将最大重传次数M设为3或4次为最佳。
最后本文利用前面所获得的理论基础,充分挖掘MIMO-HARQ系统的特性,根据不同的空时编码特性提出基于BLAST、LDC和STBC结合的HARQ机制,这种机制可以获得空时码的分集增益,而在信道条件好和信噪比高时,由于没有重传的发生而可以获得BLAST的复用增益,所以该机制可以得到空间分集与空时复用特性的良好折中。MATLAB仿真验证了该机制既能够提高MIMO-HARQ系统传输速率,也能够提高MIMO-HARQ系统的抗干扰性能。
Hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ) technique,which is a combination of forward error control and automatic repeat request,is the main support technique for the high speed data transmission in 3GPP standard.It is indispensable for improving of data correctness,throughput,spectral efficiency,and quality of service.HARQ technology is one of the key technologies in IEEE 802.16 protocols.It is specified in details in IEEE802.16e.IMT-Advanced follow the instructions in IEEE802.16e,and add up new elements in it.
Basing on the compatibility to IMT-Advanced,this thesis constructs a HARQ system.When the channel condition is bad,each packet is transmitted repeatedly, which lead to low reliability of the channel transmission.But the automatic repeat request could guarantee the correction of the packet,so it has high reliability.An improvement method of system throughput and packet error rate is put forward.Two new types HARQ scheme based on space-time codes are proposed and evaluated in this paper,and the main innovations and contributions are as follows:
Firstly,the theorem of HARQ system is analyzed,and the research depth and diredction is expounded.Base on the regulations that are described in IMT-Advanced standard,three different types of HARQ system and their corresponding algorithms are compared.And different time-space codes in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system are analyzed.
Secondly,the HARQ system is analyzed in theory.The relation among maximum retransmission times,power in every transmission,modulation bits,coding rate in HARQ transmission mode and the system throughput is studied.A novel method to reduce packet error rate(PER) of MIMO-HARQ systems based on Space-Time Block Code(STBC) is proposed.The transmit antennas are selected based on the feedback from the receiver.The modulated symbols are encoded by STBC and obtained space time code blocks suitable for the number of selected antennas.The total PER is given by defining the decoding function and the best value of the maximum number of HARQ retransmissions is discussed.Theory and simulation results illustrate that this new HARQ scheme with antenna selection method has lower PER and the result is also satisfying.
Finally,a new type HARQ scheme based on different space-time codes is proposed and evaluated.The new scheme is divided into three major steps which are V-BLAST processing and LDC processing also STBC processing.The orthogonal STBC can obtain all of the diversity gain of the MIMO system,the V-BLAST code can obtain all of the multiplexing gain of the MIMO system,and the LDC is the tradeoff between STBC and V-BLAST code.The traditional method simply retransfer signal,but the proposed method transfer the next line of data matrix and joint-decode them,so that can benefit from spatial diversity.At good condition of channel,the proposed method gets spatial multiplexing for retransfer hardly occur.The proposed method has the advantage of V-BLAST and LDC also STBC.It is a HARQ scheme that can improve transmit rate and improve resistance of interference at same time. Theory and simulation show the proposed method have higher throughput in most SNR regions and the gains are considerable.
引文
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[27].Jun KONISHI and Takahiko SABA,A New SDM Transmit Scheme Using HARQ with MRC,IEEE Globecom 2005,Nov28-Dec2.2005,St.Louis,MO.2005:3618-362
[28].Liu Fang and Chen lan,Space-Time-Frequency diverstity Hybrid ARQ for MIMO-OFDM systems.10th IEEE Singapore International Conferenceon Communication systems 2006(ICCS 2006),Oct.2006,pp:1-5.
[29].Hui Zhao,Hongzhong Yan,Wenbo Wang,An Adaptive HARQ Scheme Based on Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Coding for D-STTD System,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,IEEE 2007 vol.15,pp.151-158
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[33].3GPP TR25.835(v1.0.0)."Report on hybrid ARQ type Ⅱ/Ⅲ(Release 2000)".Sep.2000.
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[2].Seung Hee Han,Jae Hong Lee.An Overview of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques for Multicarrier Transmission.IEEE Wireless Communications,Apr.2005,vol.12,no.2:pp.56-65
[3].黄韬,袁超伟,杨睿,刘鸣.MIMO相关技术与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2007年:13-29
[4].Branka Vucetic,Jinhong Yuan.空时编码技术.王晓海等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2004年:49-50
[5].Willie.W.Lu,Guest-Ediotial.4G Mobile Research in Asia.IEEE Commun.Magazine.Mar.2003 Vol.41:pp.104-106
[6].M.J.Miller,S.Lin.The Analysis of Some Selecitve-Repeat ARQ Schemes with Finite Receiver Buffer.IEEE Trans.Common Sept.1981,COM-29,pp.1307-1315
[7].Alexander drukarev,Daniel J.Costello.A Comparison of Block and Convolutional Codes in ARQ Error Control Schemes.IEEE Transacitons,Nov.1982,Volume30,Issuel1,pp:2449-2455.
[8].E.J.Weldon,Jr.An.Improved Selective-Repeat ARQ Strategy.IEEE Trans.Commun.March 1982.COM-30:pp.324-330
[9].A.R.K.SASTRY.Performance of Hybrid Error Control Schemes of Satellite Channels.IEEE Trans.Commun.,July1975,COM-23,pp.689-694
[10].P.S.Yu,S.Lin.An Efficient Selective-Repeat ARQ Scheme for Satellite Channels and Its Throughput Analysis.IEEE Trans.Commun.,March 1981,COM-29,pp.353-363
[11].Y M,Wang.A Modified Selective-Repeat Type-Ⅱ Hybrid ARQ System and Its Performance Analysis.IEEE Transacitons on communications,May,1983,Vol.,Com-31,NO.5.
[12].ShuLin,Costello,D.Miller,M.Automatic-Repeat-Request Error-Control Schemes.IEEE communications Magazine,Dec,1984,Vol.,22,pp.5-17.
[13].Samir Kaller.Analysis of a Type-Ⅱ Hybrid ARQ Scheme with Code Combining.IEEE Trans.Commun.Aug.1990,Vol.38,Issue8,pp.1133-1137.
[14].Pal Frenger,Pal Orten.Multi-rate Convolutional Codes.IEEE Trans.Commun. Sep.1998,Vol.23,pp.54-60.
[15]. Douglas.N Rowitch Laurence B Milstein. On the performance of hybrid FEC/ARQ systems using rate compatible punctured turbo codes. IEEE Transactions on Communications. Jun.2000, Vol.48, pp.948-959.
[16]. Abdel-Ghani A. Daraiseh. Methods for Packet Combining in HARQ Systems Over Bursty Channels, MONET Oct.1997, Vol.2(2),pp.213-224.
[17]. PAl Frenger,Stefan Parkvall, and Erik Dahlman. Performance comparison of HARQ with Chase combining and incrementalredundancy for HSDPA, IEEE 2001,Vol.,22,pp.7-17
[18]. Michael J.Miller and Shn Lin. The analysis of Some Selectvie-Repeat ARQ Schemes with Finite Receiver Buffer. IEEE Transaction on Communication,September 1981,Vol.com-29,No.9
[19]. GJ.Foschini. Layered space-time architecture for Wireless communication in fading environment when using multiple antennas. Bell Labs Technical Journal,Aug.1996, vol.l,no.2,PP.41-59
[20].V.Tarokh, N.Sechadri and A.R. Calderbank, Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: Performance criterion and code construction. IEEE Transaction on Information, Mar.1998Theory, vol,44,no.2,pp,744-765
[21].V.Tarokh, H.Jafarkhani, A.R. Calderbank, Space-time codes from orthogonal designs, IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, Jul.1999, vol.45, no.5,pp.1456-1467
[22]. S.M. Alamouti. A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communication. IEEE JSAC: Journal on selected Areas in Communications, Oct.1998,vol.16,no.8,pp.l451-1458
[23]. Hesham El Gamal. The MIMO ARQ Channel:Diversity Multiplexing Delay Tradeoff. IEEE Trams.Infor.Theory. vol.52,issue8,Aug.2006,pp:3601-36
[24]. Haitao Zheng. The Performance of BLAST with Hybrid ARQ in Ricean Fading Channels. Vehicular Technology Conference 2001,Oct.7-11,2001,vol.2,pp:901-90
[25]. Eko.N.Onggosanusi. A.GDabak, Yan.Hui., Hybrid ARQ transmission and combining for MIMO systems. Proceedings of IEEE Intl.Conf Commun.2003(ICC'03).pp.3205-3209,May11-15
[26]. Toshiaki Koike, Hidekazu Murata and Susumu Yoshida. Hybrid ARQ scheme suitable for coded MIMO transmission,Proceedings IEEE Intl.Conf.Commun.2004,June20-24,2004,pp.2919-2923.
[27].Jun KONISHI and Takahiko SABA,A New SDM Transmit Scheme Using HARQ with MRC,IEEE Globecom 2005,Nov28-Dec2.2005,St.Louis,MO.2005:3618-362
[28].Liu Fang and Chen lan,Space-Time-Frequency diverstity Hybrid ARQ for MIMO-OFDM systems.10th IEEE Singapore International Conferenceon Communication systems 2006(ICCS 2006),Oct.2006,pp:1-5.
[29].Hui Zhao,Hongzhong Yan,Wenbo Wang,An Adaptive HARQ Scheme Based on Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Coding for D-STTD System,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,IEEE 2007 vol.15,pp.151-158
[30].S.Lin and D.J.Costello.Error Control Coding:Fundamentals and Applications,2nd Ed.New York:Prentice Hall.2005.
[31].3GPP TSG_RAN.TS 25.301:Radio interface protocol architecture(release 5).2001
[32].王乃博,马军.HSDPA终端侧HARQ合并技术的研究.电信快报,2006年,第4期,42-44.
[33].3GPP TR25.835(v1.0.0)."Report on hybrid ARQ type Ⅱ/Ⅲ(Release 2000)".Sep.2000.
[34].D.M.Mandelbaum."An adaptive-feedback coding scheme using incremental their applications",IEEE Trans.Inform.Theory,May.1974,Vol.2,No.3,pp.388-389
[35].S.B.Wicker.E.Malkamaki and H.Leib."Performance of truncated type-Ⅱ hbrid ARQ shemes with noisy feedback over block fading channels",IEEE transactions on communications,September 2000,Vol.48,No.9,pp.1477-1487
[36].S.Kellel,"Analysis of a type Ⅱ hybrid ARQ scheme with code combing",IEEE transactions on communications,August.1990,Vol.38,No.8,pp.1133-1137
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