水中重烷基苯磺酸盐定量分析
|
摘要
由碱/表面活性剂/聚合物组成的三元复合驱油技术是提高原油采收率幅度较大、运用较广、最具有发展潜力的一种驱油方法,其中所用表面活性剂主要为重烷基苯磺酸盐。因此,对采出水中的重烷基苯磺酸盐的含量进行定量的检测已成为石油开采工作的一项基本要求。但是针对于复杂的现场情况,由于使用矿化度较高的厂区清水,加入情况复杂的混合碱,而且由于经过采油驱替过程,致使三元液和采出液情况复杂(例如混浊、表面活性剂与Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)等离子生成溶解性差的盐类沉淀等等),因此寻找适应性更强的重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的定量分析方法显得更为重要。
三波长紫外分光光度法通过选取合适的三个吸收波长,利用吸光度的差值运算可以消除溶液混浊引起的吸收光谱漂移以及干扰物质等对定量分析的影响,具有较强的抵抗背景干扰的能力。本文利用三波长紫外分光光度法对水中低浓度的重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂进行定量分析,并考察了方法的准确性。
研究结果表明,三波长法测定水中重烷基苯磺酸盐浓度范围是5-60 mg/L,对应表活剂质量百分浓度为0.025%-0.3%,最低检测限为5mg/L,对于小浓度的重烷基苯磺酸盐含量的测定有重要意义,标准工作曲线的线性相关性达到了0.99977,测定样品误差在+0.053%-+0.113%之间,标准偏差在0.014-0.125mg/L之间,测试回收率为99.76%-100.07%。还考察了一些无机盐离子(K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+))等对测定结果的影响。
利用三波长分光光度法定量分析水中重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的含量,有良好的准确度,重复性和精密度,是一种方便、省时、准确、可行的定量分析方法,适用于水中低浓度重烷基苯磺酸盐的定量分析。
In today's society oil plays a more and more important role .With the economic development and the progress of human civilization the demand for oil is increasing.The first oil extraction and the twice oil extraction produced only 40-60 percent of crude oil reserves, and most of the oil residue in the underground. With the development of technology, strengthen the recovery technology (EOR) has won people's attention, ASP flooding (ASP) is a new technology of chemical multi-gas, its characteristic is to use surfactants, polymer and alkali synergy, make compound system/oil formation of super-low interfacial tension. (ASP) composite drive technology plays a key role of surfactant, because is affecting surfactant play oil displacement efficiency and effect of oil and oil displacement system of interfacial tension.
Effect the value of the interfacial tension of factors include: mixed surfactants, alkali, polymers, etc. HABS were found to have low interfacial tension, best morphology and the strong ability, and the sources of the raw materials, is a kind of excellent surfactant. Therefore the heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates, has important significance to improve the content of the oil rate, and for the sustainable development of national economy.
UV single wavelength method has studied on alkylbenzene sulfonates,the results showed that the basic method can be used in testing work. But on the site conditions, due to the complex use of high salinity water factory, join the complex mixture situation, but because the base oil displacement process, cause ternary liquid and complex effluence , so sulfonates for adaptive stronger method is very important. Three wavelengths ultraviolet spectrophotometry by choosing proper three wavelengths absorbency, through the absorbency of differential operation can be eliminated by the absorption spectra turbid solution, and quantitative analysis on interference material, has strong ability of resisting background interference.
In this paper,we select three-wavelength method to determine the content of alkylbenzene sulfonates . Through the interference of daqing water, mix ingredients, By uv spectral scanning, determine the extent of the interference of daqing water is the largest, the second is mixed-alkali, finally is polyacrylamide. Select the maximum absorption wavelength of daqing water forλ1, alkylbenzene sulfonates in daqing water for the maximum absorption wavelength isλ2, through the analysis method and calculation formula a third wave is determined toλ3. The establishmentΔA - C three wavelengths standard curve.
Through the experimental condition and optimization of each index (linear, precision, accuracy, and recovery of error ), this paper concluded:
1. Alkylbenzene sulfonates weighs its characteristics in different environments, just absorption peaks unchanged due to different environment background absorption spectrophotometry the superposition and increase occurred, through the appropriate methods to eliminate background on the absorption of can finish heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates quantitative analysis.
2. The main factors affecting the ultraviolet absorbing is daqing water, then turn to mixed-alkali solution, polymers, their absorption peaks are basically the same.
3. Three-wavelength method for determination of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates concentration for 5-60 mg/L, corresponding percent concentration is 0.025% - 0.3%. The minimum detection limit for 5mg/L,it is important for small concentrations of alkyl benzene sulfonates content is determined .
4. Linearity basically reach more than 0.99977,and the rang of standard deviation is 0.014-0.125mg/L,sthandard deviation is small,the error between of +0.053%-+0.113%,and the testing the recovery rate is 99.76%-100.07%.
5. The experimental investigation the influence of daqing water, mix-alkali,and polymer to alkylbenzene sulfonates determination, experiments prove that the method can reduce by dilute daqing water, mix-alkali, and polyamer . and errors are within acceptable limits.
6. Finally investigation the influence of inorganic ions on the determination results. Experiments show that the experiment of inorganic ions in a small degree disturbance, acceptable range.
From the above results can be seen, the determination method of three wavelengths for low concentration of heavy water alkylbenzene sulfonates,is an effective analyzing method.all the indicators of good within acceptable limits.
三波长紫外分光光度法通过选取合适的三个吸收波长,利用吸光度的差值运算可以消除溶液混浊引起的吸收光谱漂移以及干扰物质等对定量分析的影响,具有较强的抵抗背景干扰的能力。本文利用三波长紫外分光光度法对水中低浓度的重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂进行定量分析,并考察了方法的准确性。
研究结果表明,三波长法测定水中重烷基苯磺酸盐浓度范围是5-60 mg/L,对应表活剂质量百分浓度为0.025%-0.3%,最低检测限为5mg/L,对于小浓度的重烷基苯磺酸盐含量的测定有重要意义,标准工作曲线的线性相关性达到了0.99977,测定样品误差在+0.053%-+0.113%之间,标准偏差在0.014-0.125mg/L之间,测试回收率为99.76%-100.07%。还考察了一些无机盐离子(K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+))等对测定结果的影响。
利用三波长分光光度法定量分析水中重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的含量,有良好的准确度,重复性和精密度,是一种方便、省时、准确、可行的定量分析方法,适用于水中低浓度重烷基苯磺酸盐的定量分析。
In today's society oil plays a more and more important role .With the economic development and the progress of human civilization the demand for oil is increasing.The first oil extraction and the twice oil extraction produced only 40-60 percent of crude oil reserves, and most of the oil residue in the underground. With the development of technology, strengthen the recovery technology (EOR) has won people's attention, ASP flooding (ASP) is a new technology of chemical multi-gas, its characteristic is to use surfactants, polymer and alkali synergy, make compound system/oil formation of super-low interfacial tension. (ASP) composite drive technology plays a key role of surfactant, because is affecting surfactant play oil displacement efficiency and effect of oil and oil displacement system of interfacial tension.
Effect the value of the interfacial tension of factors include: mixed surfactants, alkali, polymers, etc. HABS were found to have low interfacial tension, best morphology and the strong ability, and the sources of the raw materials, is a kind of excellent surfactant. Therefore the heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates, has important significance to improve the content of the oil rate, and for the sustainable development of national economy.
UV single wavelength method has studied on alkylbenzene sulfonates,the results showed that the basic method can be used in testing work. But on the site conditions, due to the complex use of high salinity water factory, join the complex mixture situation, but because the base oil displacement process, cause ternary liquid and complex effluence , so sulfonates for adaptive stronger method is very important. Three wavelengths ultraviolet spectrophotometry by choosing proper three wavelengths absorbency, through the absorbency of differential operation can be eliminated by the absorption spectra turbid solution, and quantitative analysis on interference material, has strong ability of resisting background interference.
In this paper,we select three-wavelength method to determine the content of alkylbenzene sulfonates . Through the interference of daqing water, mix ingredients, By uv spectral scanning, determine the extent of the interference of daqing water is the largest, the second is mixed-alkali, finally is polyacrylamide. Select the maximum absorption wavelength of daqing water forλ1, alkylbenzene sulfonates in daqing water for the maximum absorption wavelength isλ2, through the analysis method and calculation formula a third wave is determined toλ3. The establishmentΔA - C three wavelengths standard curve.
Through the experimental condition and optimization of each index (linear, precision, accuracy, and recovery of error ), this paper concluded:
1. Alkylbenzene sulfonates weighs its characteristics in different environments, just absorption peaks unchanged due to different environment background absorption spectrophotometry the superposition and increase occurred, through the appropriate methods to eliminate background on the absorption of can finish heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates quantitative analysis.
2. The main factors affecting the ultraviolet absorbing is daqing water, then turn to mixed-alkali solution, polymers, their absorption peaks are basically the same.
3. Three-wavelength method for determination of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates concentration for 5-60 mg/L, corresponding percent concentration is 0.025% - 0.3%. The minimum detection limit for 5mg/L,it is important for small concentrations of alkyl benzene sulfonates content is determined .
4. Linearity basically reach more than 0.99977,and the rang of standard deviation is 0.014-0.125mg/L,sthandard deviation is small,the error between of +0.053%-+0.113%,and the testing the recovery rate is 99.76%-100.07%.
5. The experimental investigation the influence of daqing water, mix-alkali,and polymer to alkylbenzene sulfonates determination, experiments prove that the method can reduce by dilute daqing water, mix-alkali, and polyamer . and errors are within acceptable limits.
6. Finally investigation the influence of inorganic ions on the determination results. Experiments show that the experiment of inorganic ions in a small degree disturbance, acceptable range.
From the above results can be seen, the determination method of three wavelengths for low concentration of heavy water alkylbenzene sulfonates,is an effective analyzing method.all the indicators of good within acceptable limits.
引文
[1]刘大文.驱油用多烷基苯磺酸盐的合成[M].黑龙江:大庆石油学院,2006.
[2]段友智.提高采收率用石油磺酸盐应用性能研究.山东:中国石油大学,2007.
[3]牟建海,李干佐.三次采油技术的发展现状及展望[J].化工科技市场,2000,(7):17-20.
[4]杨普华,杨承志.化学驱提高石油采收率[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988.
[5]王宏岗.聚丙烯酰胺市场分析[J].现代化工,2000,20(7):52～56.
[6]李干佐,郭荣.微乳液理论及其应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1985:207.
[7]冈秦麟.化学驱油论文集(上册)[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[8]李发忠.三次采油用石油磺酸盐的合成.西安石油学院学报,1999,8(4):71-77.
[9]杨振宇,杨林,高树棠等.油田用石油磺酸盐表面活性剂其制备方法及其在三次采油中的应用.中国专利:99107580,2002-12-06.
[10]隋智慧,林冠发,朱友益等.三次采油用表面活性剂的制备与应用及其进展[J].日用化学工业,2003,33(2):105-108.
[11]张蕾.驱油用表面活性剂[J].中外科技情报,2006,10:8-32.
[12]崔正刚,邹文华等.重烷基苯磺酸盐的合成以及在提高石油采收率中的应用[J].华东理工大学学报,1999,25(4):339～346.
[13]李宗石,乔卫红.浅谈三次采油用表面活性剂的开发.提高采收率研究中心一年度三次采油用石油磺酸钠的合成与分析论文报告集,VOI.12,2002:38-47.
[14]吴军政,陈惠琴,徐艳珠.中当量石油磺酸盐形成低界面张力的条件研究.沈阳化工,1997,26(3):22-26.
[15]崔正刚,邹文华,孙雪芳等.重烷基苯磺酸盐/碱/原油体系的界面张力[J].油田化学,1999,16(2):153-157.
[16] ASTM D3712-91 (Reapproved 2000).
[17]史俊,李谦定,董秀丽.克拉玛依炼油厂石油磺酸盐组成分析及表面活性研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2000,29(5):247-249.
[18]Sandvik E.I.,Gale W.W.,Characterization of petroleum sulfonates[J]. Soc.Pet. Eng.J.,1977,17(3):184-192.
[19]王惠敬,王佩维,关景才.高效液相色谱法和质谱法分析重烷基苯磺酸钠的族组成[J].日用化学工业;2008(05)53-55.
[20]宗丽平,刘庆梅,李凌云.直接进样电喷雾质谱分析烷基苯磺酸盐[J].分析测试技术与仪器,2004,10(3):183-186
[21] EPTON S R . Newmethod for the rapid titrimetric analysis of sodium alk-ylsulfates and related compounds [J].Trans Faraday Soc,1948,44:226-230.
[22] Spangler W.G.,Analytical Test Methods for Organtic Detergents [J].J.Am.Oil Chem.Soc.,1957,34:191-199.
[23] Reid V.W.,Longman G.F.,Heinerth E.,Determination of anionic-active detergents by two-phase titration[J].Tenside,1967,4(9):292-304.
[24]王永生,李贵荣,刘传湘.苋菜红两相滴定法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂[J].中国卫生检验杂志,1994,4 (2):67-69.
[25]刘卫国.偶氮荧光红桃红两相滴定法分析废水中阴离子表面活性剂含量[J].中国环境监测,1993,9 (15):25-26.
[26]李之平,巩效牧,李庆莹.用百里酚蓝-次甲基蓝混合指示剂测定阴离子表面活性剂[J].分析化学,1984,12(12):1058-1061.
[27]刘祥,李谦定,来东梅.用达旦黄一漠百里酚蓝混合指示剂测定RSqNa型表面活性剂[J].陕西化工,2000,29(1):49-51.
[28]吴一慧,黄宏度,王尤富等.混合溶液中石油羧酸盐和磺酸盐含量的测定[J].油田化学,2000,17(3):281-284.
[29]胡振元,钱锡兴,陈菊珍等.液膜型阴离子洗涤剂离子选择性电极的试[J].分析化学,1983,11 (10):746-749.
[30]大庆石油管理局油田建设设计研究院,测定表面活性剂含量的电极膜及其制造方法,公开号:CN 1259665A,2000.
[31] Sunanta Wangkarn,Phimpha Soisungnoen,Mongkon Rayanakorn,er al. Determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in water samples by liquid chromatography–UV detection and confirmation by liquid chromatography– masspectrometry[J].Talanta,2005,67:686–695.
[32]李锦文,郭慧清,陈穗文.LAS阴离子-表面活性剂离子选择性电极(PVC电极)的研制[J].广州化工,1998,26(2):11-14.
[33]尤宏,周定,沈晋.采用功能高分子活性材料的阴离子洗涤剂电极的研制[J].化学传感器,1992,12 (2):66-70.
[34] Yoko N.,Kazunori I.,Kenji Y.,et al.,.Application of a linear alkylbenzene sulfonatebiosensor to river water monitoring [J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 1998,13:1047-1053.
[35]林增,张志泉,吕娜.阴离子洗涤剂离子选择性电极的研制[J].干旱环境监测,1999,13 (4):232-235.
[36]周桂兰,曹淑英.薄层扫描法测定水中痕量阴离子表面活性剂[J].分析化学,1988,16(1):13-16.
[37]程晓敏,史初例.薄层层析法在表面活性剂检测和分析中的应用[J].理化检验:化学分册,1999,35 (7):332-334.
[38]段友智.提高采收率用石油磺酸盐应用性能研究[D].山东:中国石油大学,化学学院,2007.
[39] Schmitt Tl M.,Analysis of Surfactant,New York :Marcel Dekker,1992 ,Chapter10.
[40] Sandvik E.I.,Gaie W.W.,Fenekas M O.,Soc.Pet.Eng.J.,1997,17:184-192.
[41]王永生,李贵荣.健那绿光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂[J].中国卫生检验杂质,2000,10 (2):155-157.
[42] MEMatitiu.Anewmethodusedforanalysissulfonates[J].Rom.RO,1992,No. 101071.
[43]陆彬,李之平.玉门石油磺酸盐的色谱分离研究[J].油田化学,1991,8(l):37-41.
[44]王峰,王新,崔正刚.分光光度法测定微量阴离子表面活性剂[J].日用化学工业,2002,35(1):65-67.
[45]邢书才,邱争,吴忠祥等.紫外分光光度法在水中阴离子表面活性剂标准样品研制中的应用[J].干旱环境监测,2000,14(3):132-134.
[46]朱莉,王利平,秦日方.红外光谱法测定石油磺酸盐含量[J].无锡轻工业大学学报,1997,16 (2):76-78.
[47]曹莹,刘延春,姜新华等.荧光分光光度法测定石油中阴离子表面活性剂. [J]长春理工大学学报,2003,26(2):43-45.
[48] Trehy ML,Gledhill W E,Orth R G..Anal Chem,1990,62(23):2581.
[49] Ding W.H.,Liu C.H.Analysis of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates by capillary zone electrophoresis with large-volume sample stacking [J].J Chromatogr A,2001,929 :143.
[50] Salimi-Moosavi H.,Cassidy R M.Application of Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis to the Separation of Long-Chain Surfactants[J].Anal Chem ,1996,68(2):293-299.
[51]过乃蓉,罗庆尧,陈震华,曾云鹊.三波长分光光度法的原理和应用. [J]分析化学.1983,6(11):408-413.
[2]段友智.提高采收率用石油磺酸盐应用性能研究.山东:中国石油大学,2007.
[3]牟建海,李干佐.三次采油技术的发展现状及展望[J].化工科技市场,2000,(7):17-20.
[4]杨普华,杨承志.化学驱提高石油采收率[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988.
[5]王宏岗.聚丙烯酰胺市场分析[J].现代化工,2000,20(7):52～56.
[6]李干佐,郭荣.微乳液理论及其应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1985:207.
[7]冈秦麟.化学驱油论文集(上册)[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[8]李发忠.三次采油用石油磺酸盐的合成.西安石油学院学报,1999,8(4):71-77.
[9]杨振宇,杨林,高树棠等.油田用石油磺酸盐表面活性剂其制备方法及其在三次采油中的应用.中国专利:99107580,2002-12-06.
[10]隋智慧,林冠发,朱友益等.三次采油用表面活性剂的制备与应用及其进展[J].日用化学工业,2003,33(2):105-108.
[11]张蕾.驱油用表面活性剂[J].中外科技情报,2006,10:8-32.
[12]崔正刚,邹文华等.重烷基苯磺酸盐的合成以及在提高石油采收率中的应用[J].华东理工大学学报,1999,25(4):339～346.
[13]李宗石,乔卫红.浅谈三次采油用表面活性剂的开发.提高采收率研究中心一年度三次采油用石油磺酸钠的合成与分析论文报告集,VOI.12,2002:38-47.
[14]吴军政,陈惠琴,徐艳珠.中当量石油磺酸盐形成低界面张力的条件研究.沈阳化工,1997,26(3):22-26.
[15]崔正刚,邹文华,孙雪芳等.重烷基苯磺酸盐/碱/原油体系的界面张力[J].油田化学,1999,16(2):153-157.
[16] ASTM D3712-91 (Reapproved 2000).
[17]史俊,李谦定,董秀丽.克拉玛依炼油厂石油磺酸盐组成分析及表面活性研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2000,29(5):247-249.
[18]Sandvik E.I.,Gale W.W.,Characterization of petroleum sulfonates[J]. Soc.Pet. Eng.J.,1977,17(3):184-192.
[19]王惠敬,王佩维,关景才.高效液相色谱法和质谱法分析重烷基苯磺酸钠的族组成[J].日用化学工业;2008(05)53-55.
[20]宗丽平,刘庆梅,李凌云.直接进样电喷雾质谱分析烷基苯磺酸盐[J].分析测试技术与仪器,2004,10(3):183-186
[21] EPTON S R . Newmethod for the rapid titrimetric analysis of sodium alk-ylsulfates and related compounds [J].Trans Faraday Soc,1948,44:226-230.
[22] Spangler W.G.,Analytical Test Methods for Organtic Detergents [J].J.Am.Oil Chem.Soc.,1957,34:191-199.
[23] Reid V.W.,Longman G.F.,Heinerth E.,Determination of anionic-active detergents by two-phase titration[J].Tenside,1967,4(9):292-304.
[24]王永生,李贵荣,刘传湘.苋菜红两相滴定法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂[J].中国卫生检验杂志,1994,4 (2):67-69.
[25]刘卫国.偶氮荧光红桃红两相滴定法分析废水中阴离子表面活性剂含量[J].中国环境监测,1993,9 (15):25-26.
[26]李之平,巩效牧,李庆莹.用百里酚蓝-次甲基蓝混合指示剂测定阴离子表面活性剂[J].分析化学,1984,12(12):1058-1061.
[27]刘祥,李谦定,来东梅.用达旦黄一漠百里酚蓝混合指示剂测定RSqNa型表面活性剂[J].陕西化工,2000,29(1):49-51.
[28]吴一慧,黄宏度,王尤富等.混合溶液中石油羧酸盐和磺酸盐含量的测定[J].油田化学,2000,17(3):281-284.
[29]胡振元,钱锡兴,陈菊珍等.液膜型阴离子洗涤剂离子选择性电极的试[J].分析化学,1983,11 (10):746-749.
[30]大庆石油管理局油田建设设计研究院,测定表面活性剂含量的电极膜及其制造方法,公开号:CN 1259665A,2000.
[31] Sunanta Wangkarn,Phimpha Soisungnoen,Mongkon Rayanakorn,er al. Determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in water samples by liquid chromatography–UV detection and confirmation by liquid chromatography– masspectrometry[J].Talanta,2005,67:686–695.
[32]李锦文,郭慧清,陈穗文.LAS阴离子-表面活性剂离子选择性电极(PVC电极)的研制[J].广州化工,1998,26(2):11-14.
[33]尤宏,周定,沈晋.采用功能高分子活性材料的阴离子洗涤剂电极的研制[J].化学传感器,1992,12 (2):66-70.
[34] Yoko N.,Kazunori I.,Kenji Y.,et al.,.Application of a linear alkylbenzene sulfonatebiosensor to river water monitoring [J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 1998,13:1047-1053.
[35]林增,张志泉,吕娜.阴离子洗涤剂离子选择性电极的研制[J].干旱环境监测,1999,13 (4):232-235.
[36]周桂兰,曹淑英.薄层扫描法测定水中痕量阴离子表面活性剂[J].分析化学,1988,16(1):13-16.
[37]程晓敏,史初例.薄层层析法在表面活性剂检测和分析中的应用[J].理化检验:化学分册,1999,35 (7):332-334.
[38]段友智.提高采收率用石油磺酸盐应用性能研究[D].山东:中国石油大学,化学学院,2007.
[39] Schmitt Tl M.,Analysis of Surfactant,New York :Marcel Dekker,1992 ,Chapter10.
[40] Sandvik E.I.,Gaie W.W.,Fenekas M O.,Soc.Pet.Eng.J.,1997,17:184-192.
[41]王永生,李贵荣.健那绿光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂[J].中国卫生检验杂质,2000,10 (2):155-157.
[42] MEMatitiu.Anewmethodusedforanalysissulfonates[J].Rom.RO,1992,No. 101071.
[43]陆彬,李之平.玉门石油磺酸盐的色谱分离研究[J].油田化学,1991,8(l):37-41.
[44]王峰,王新,崔正刚.分光光度法测定微量阴离子表面活性剂[J].日用化学工业,2002,35(1):65-67.
[45]邢书才,邱争,吴忠祥等.紫外分光光度法在水中阴离子表面活性剂标准样品研制中的应用[J].干旱环境监测,2000,14(3):132-134.
[46]朱莉,王利平,秦日方.红外光谱法测定石油磺酸盐含量[J].无锡轻工业大学学报,1997,16 (2):76-78.
[47]曹莹,刘延春,姜新华等.荧光分光光度法测定石油中阴离子表面活性剂. [J]长春理工大学学报,2003,26(2):43-45.
[48] Trehy ML,Gledhill W E,Orth R G..Anal Chem,1990,62(23):2581.
[49] Ding W.H.,Liu C.H.Analysis of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates by capillary zone electrophoresis with large-volume sample stacking [J].J Chromatogr A,2001,929 :143.
[50] Salimi-Moosavi H.,Cassidy R M.Application of Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis to the Separation of Long-Chain Surfactants[J].Anal Chem ,1996,68(2):293-299.
[51]过乃蓉,罗庆尧,陈震华,曾云鹊.三波长分光光度法的原理和应用. [J]分析化学.1983,6(11):408-413.