需求不确定性下的三级库存鲁棒控制模型研究
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摘要
随着科学技术的进步、生产力的发展和经济的全球化,我国经济发展内外环境发生了剧烈变化。企业在融入全球经济体系的进程中,市场竞争日趋激烈和顾客需求的多样化,增加了企业生产经营管理的不确定性,对供应链的管理也提出了更高的要求。
目前我国所承接的许多产业的生产加工环节多以集群形式存在,在某一地域中,不但有着同一产业中位于同一环节的多个核心企业,而且存在着经营同质产品的上下游企业,这种产业集群形式为企业供应链合作提供了条件。
本文在分析供应链不确定性来源及需求不确定性对多级库存管理影响的基础上,针对需求不确定性下某一地域中经营同质产品的两条供应链,建立了存在跨链零售商库存合作的三级库存控制系统。分析了三级库存控制系统的鲁棒性问题,针对系统中参数不确定性干扰,用鲁棒控制理论寻求“最差”需求下的最优订货水平,给出了系统的鲁棒H∞控制策略及其线性矩阵不等式算法。通过库存订货量的反馈控制,使供应链三级库存控制系统中的不确定干扰得到抑制,系统运作达到较为理想状态。最后,论文结合一个具体算例,对控制系统进行了对比仿真实验,验证了实施鲁棒H∞控制和跨链间紧急库存补充策略能够有效减小库存状态波动,缩短库存水平受需求扰动而波动的时间周期,减轻了库存波动过大给企业带来的压力,有利于提高企业对产品需求的响应能力和区域内顾客满意度水平。
With advancement of technology and science and development of productivity, the colossal change of inside and outside environment of our social economy, the market competition has become more fierce, customers demand have become more discriminating, and the time has become more important. It increases uncertainty and dynamics of operation of the enterprises production management and sets a high request to supply chain management.
Under this background, our country undertakes a number of industrial production processing. Not only there are a couple of core firms lied at the same tie of chain in the same industry, but also it exits many upstream and downstream firms which conglomerate in the same region, all of these give a solid foundation for considering emergency inventory transshipment across-chain.
Based on the analysis of the origin of uncertainty and the impact of uncertainty demand for the multi-echelon management of supply chain, the retailer in one supply chain is replenished by the retailers in another supply chain under the environment of uncertainty demand is concerned in this paper. By integrating across-chain inventory cooperation in multi-echelon supply chain management control system was established. And the optimal orders in the“bad”demand were explored by robust H∞control theory. The robust H∞control strategy of multi-echelon control system and the Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) technique were proposed. Through the robust H∞control strategy, the impact of demand uncertainty on operation of this system could be restrained, and the operational of system could achieve an ideal state. At last, through comparative simulation experiment, it is proved that the stock and order fluctuation may be efficiently weakened by implementing H∞control and the policy of across-chain emergency inventory transshipment, and the fluctuation interval time being shortened, the response capability to market and the customer service level being improved.
目前我国所承接的许多产业的生产加工环节多以集群形式存在,在某一地域中,不但有着同一产业中位于同一环节的多个核心企业,而且存在着经营同质产品的上下游企业,这种产业集群形式为企业供应链合作提供了条件。
本文在分析供应链不确定性来源及需求不确定性对多级库存管理影响的基础上,针对需求不确定性下某一地域中经营同质产品的两条供应链,建立了存在跨链零售商库存合作的三级库存控制系统。分析了三级库存控制系统的鲁棒性问题,针对系统中参数不确定性干扰,用鲁棒控制理论寻求“最差”需求下的最优订货水平,给出了系统的鲁棒H∞控制策略及其线性矩阵不等式算法。通过库存订货量的反馈控制,使供应链三级库存控制系统中的不确定干扰得到抑制,系统运作达到较为理想状态。最后,论文结合一个具体算例,对控制系统进行了对比仿真实验,验证了实施鲁棒H∞控制和跨链间紧急库存补充策略能够有效减小库存状态波动,缩短库存水平受需求扰动而波动的时间周期,减轻了库存波动过大给企业带来的压力,有利于提高企业对产品需求的响应能力和区域内顾客满意度水平。
With advancement of technology and science and development of productivity, the colossal change of inside and outside environment of our social economy, the market competition has become more fierce, customers demand have become more discriminating, and the time has become more important. It increases uncertainty and dynamics of operation of the enterprises production management and sets a high request to supply chain management.
Under this background, our country undertakes a number of industrial production processing. Not only there are a couple of core firms lied at the same tie of chain in the same industry, but also it exits many upstream and downstream firms which conglomerate in the same region, all of these give a solid foundation for considering emergency inventory transshipment across-chain.
Based on the analysis of the origin of uncertainty and the impact of uncertainty demand for the multi-echelon management of supply chain, the retailer in one supply chain is replenished by the retailers in another supply chain under the environment of uncertainty demand is concerned in this paper. By integrating across-chain inventory cooperation in multi-echelon supply chain management control system was established. And the optimal orders in the“bad”demand were explored by robust H∞control theory. The robust H∞control strategy of multi-echelon control system and the Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) technique were proposed. Through the robust H∞control strategy, the impact of demand uncertainty on operation of this system could be restrained, and the operational of system could achieve an ideal state. At last, through comparative simulation experiment, it is proved that the stock and order fluctuation may be efficiently weakened by implementing H∞control and the policy of across-chain emergency inventory transshipment, and the fluctuation interval time being shortened, the response capability to market and the customer service level being improved.
引文
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[8] Dobrila Petrovic. Simulation of supply chain behaviour and performance in an uncertain environment. International Journal of Production Economics, 2001,71(1-3):429-438.
[9] Carlos J. Vidal, Koray Dogan. Modeling and design of global logistics systems: A review of integrated strategic and tactical models and design algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research, 2002,143(1):1~18.
[10] Jennifer Blackhurst, Tong Wu, Peter O’Grady. PCDM: a decision support modeling methodology for supply chain, product and process design decisions. Journal of Operations Management, 2005,23(3-4):325~343.
[11]张学坤.供应链中的不确定性分析及对策研究, [硕士学位论文].大连:大连海事大学,2006.
[12] Vairaktarakis gl. Robust Multi-item New s-boy Models with a Budget Constraint. International Journal of Production Economics, 2000, 66(2):213~226.
[13] June Young Jung, Gary Blau, et al. A simulation based optimization approach to supply chain management under demand uncertainty. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2004,28(10):2087~2106.
[14] Bertsimas d, Pachamanova d, Sm M. Robust Linear Optimization under General Norms.Operations Research Letters, 2004, 32(6):510~516.
[15] Boakas e k. Manufacturing Systems: Lmi Approach. Ieee Transactions On Automatic Control, 2006, 51(6):1014~1018.
[16]黄小原,卢震.供应链牛鞭效应的H∞控制应用研究.控制与决策,2003,18(2):155~158.
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