履带车辆行走减速器齿轮参数化设计及有限元分析
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摘要
履带车辆行走驱动系的作业环境比较恶劣,因此要求其上的每一个零部件必须具有较高的承载能力和可靠性。行走装置是履带车辆驱动系的重要部件之一,其功能是车辆在行走、调动等作业过程中主要承担者,是整机稳定性的基础。而齿轮又是组成行走装置减速器的主要部件,减速器的工作运动主要是靠齿轮传动来完成的,所以我们有必要对齿轮的承载能力、齿轮传动的振动和噪音等问题进行科学的分析。
在对齿轮进行力学分析时,如果采用传统的设计方法是一项非常费时费力的工作,这种情况下要想取得较理想的参数是比较困难的,影响了齿轮产品性能的提高。随着对履带车辆行走装置减速器性能的要求越来越高,对齿轮的设计和研究工作也越来越科学化,本文将利用三维造型软件创建齿轮精确模型和借助有限元分析软件分析齿轮应力状况,此法不仅改变了传统的齿轮设计方法,而且能使齿轮的应力分析更为精确。
齿轮模型的精确创建与齿轮的设计和研究工作关系密切,并对其后的有限元分析产生重大影响。本文借助Pro/ENGINEER软件突出的建模功能实现齿轮模型的精确创建,然后利用ANSYS软件中的为Pro/ENGINEER专门设置的接口程序成功地将齿轮模型导入到ANSYS软件中,最后进行有限元分析。这样不仅充分发挥了两种软件的优势部分,而且也满足了减速器齿轮的精确建模和有限元分析要求。
在Pro/ENGINEER软件中创建精确参数化的齿轮模型有很多种方法,本文的不同之处在于:在Pro/ENGINEER平台上利用Pro/Toolkit二次开发工具编辑了交互的用户界面,以及借助Pro/Toolkit的特征创建功能创建了齿轮特征,最后利用VC++6.0进行编译连接,通过参数可以控制齿轮特征的生成,实现了齿轮模块的参数化设计界面。此界面综合考虑齿轮的各项相关参数,从而只需通过修改设计参数即可满足减速器齿轮的模型设计要求,还可以在一个对话框下实现外齿轮、内齿轮和齿圈的参数化建模,增加了以往齿轮参数化建模时所忽略的齿轮其它一些相关参数与避免了创建外齿轮、内齿轮和齿圈三种母模型,使参数化生成的齿轮模型更加接近实际情况,效率更高。
Tracklayers are one of the vehicles which work in the poor environment.Each of its components must have a high carrying capacity and reliability.The running gear mechanism reducer is one important component of the Tracklayers.It takes on the tasks of running,mobilization etc in the process of the host operation,is the basic of stability of the whole.And the gear is the mostly components of the Reducer.The Tracklayers' running mechanism gear reducer depends on the gears' transmission to finish the main movement.Therefore,it is necessary to scientific analysis of the carrying capacity, vibration and noise of gear.
It is a laborious and time-consuming works to design the gears' parameters with the traditional means in the time of the mechanical analysis of gears,and it is difficult to get perfect parameters,so it is a serious impediment for the gear products performance to further improve.With the increasing demanding on the performance of the Tracklayers' running mechanical gear reducer,the gear design has become increasing scientific.Create the precise gear model with the three-dimensional modeling software and analyze the gear stress distribution with finite element analysis software are utilized in this article.So it changed the traditional gear-stress-analyzing method,and makes it more precise.
The creating a precise gear model is closely relation to the gear design and research,also have a significant impact to the finite element analysis subsequently. Create precise gear models with the Pro/ENGINEER software modeling capacities in this paper.Then import the precise gear models into the ANSYS software by its interface specialized procedures.Lastly,analyze with finite element.Thus both of the software's good qualities are brought to play,and meet to the requirement of the precise gear reducer and finite element analysis.
There are many methods of parameters model of gear,but it is different in this paper:Made the secondary exploitation through the Pro/Toolkit that a secondary exploitation tools of Pro/ENGINEER,edited the user interface,created the characteristic of the gear with the Pro/Toolkit,and compile connection by the VC++6.0, and comprehensive consideration of relevant parameters of the gears,completed external gears,internal gears and the ring gears of the parametric modeling in a dialog box,accordingly it can be reached the requirements of the model by modifying the design parameters,avoiding ignored the other parameter such as material,precision of the gear when the parametric modeling,so that the parameters of the model closer to the actual situation and more efficiency.
在对齿轮进行力学分析时,如果采用传统的设计方法是一项非常费时费力的工作,这种情况下要想取得较理想的参数是比较困难的,影响了齿轮产品性能的提高。随着对履带车辆行走装置减速器性能的要求越来越高,对齿轮的设计和研究工作也越来越科学化,本文将利用三维造型软件创建齿轮精确模型和借助有限元分析软件分析齿轮应力状况,此法不仅改变了传统的齿轮设计方法,而且能使齿轮的应力分析更为精确。
齿轮模型的精确创建与齿轮的设计和研究工作关系密切,并对其后的有限元分析产生重大影响。本文借助Pro/ENGINEER软件突出的建模功能实现齿轮模型的精确创建,然后利用ANSYS软件中的为Pro/ENGINEER专门设置的接口程序成功地将齿轮模型导入到ANSYS软件中,最后进行有限元分析。这样不仅充分发挥了两种软件的优势部分,而且也满足了减速器齿轮的精确建模和有限元分析要求。
在Pro/ENGINEER软件中创建精确参数化的齿轮模型有很多种方法,本文的不同之处在于:在Pro/ENGINEER平台上利用Pro/Toolkit二次开发工具编辑了交互的用户界面,以及借助Pro/Toolkit的特征创建功能创建了齿轮特征,最后利用VC++6.0进行编译连接,通过参数可以控制齿轮特征的生成,实现了齿轮模块的参数化设计界面。此界面综合考虑齿轮的各项相关参数,从而只需通过修改设计参数即可满足减速器齿轮的模型设计要求,还可以在一个对话框下实现外齿轮、内齿轮和齿圈的参数化建模,增加了以往齿轮参数化建模时所忽略的齿轮其它一些相关参数与避免了创建外齿轮、内齿轮和齿圈三种母模型,使参数化生成的齿轮模型更加接近实际情况,效率更高。
Tracklayers are one of the vehicles which work in the poor environment.Each of its components must have a high carrying capacity and reliability.The running gear mechanism reducer is one important component of the Tracklayers.It takes on the tasks of running,mobilization etc in the process of the host operation,is the basic of stability of the whole.And the gear is the mostly components of the Reducer.The Tracklayers' running mechanism gear reducer depends on the gears' transmission to finish the main movement.Therefore,it is necessary to scientific analysis of the carrying capacity, vibration and noise of gear.
It is a laborious and time-consuming works to design the gears' parameters with the traditional means in the time of the mechanical analysis of gears,and it is difficult to get perfect parameters,so it is a serious impediment for the gear products performance to further improve.With the increasing demanding on the performance of the Tracklayers' running mechanical gear reducer,the gear design has become increasing scientific.Create the precise gear model with the three-dimensional modeling software and analyze the gear stress distribution with finite element analysis software are utilized in this article.So it changed the traditional gear-stress-analyzing method,and makes it more precise.
The creating a precise gear model is closely relation to the gear design and research,also have a significant impact to the finite element analysis subsequently. Create precise gear models with the Pro/ENGINEER software modeling capacities in this paper.Then import the precise gear models into the ANSYS software by its interface specialized procedures.Lastly,analyze with finite element.Thus both of the software's good qualities are brought to play,and meet to the requirement of the precise gear reducer and finite element analysis.
There are many methods of parameters model of gear,but it is different in this paper:Made the secondary exploitation through the Pro/Toolkit that a secondary exploitation tools of Pro/ENGINEER,edited the user interface,created the characteristic of the gear with the Pro/Toolkit,and compile connection by the VC++6.0, and comprehensive consideration of relevant parameters of the gears,completed external gears,internal gears and the ring gears of the parametric modeling in a dialog box,accordingly it can be reached the requirements of the model by modifying the design parameters,avoiding ignored the other parameter such as material,precision of the gear when the parametric modeling,so that the parameters of the model closer to the actual situation and more efficiency.
引文
[1]沈松云.工程机械底盘设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001:56.
[2]周春华,钟建国,黄长礼.土石方机械[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:43.
[3]陈建元.挖掘机使用说明书[M].山东:山东推土机厂,2003:10.
[4]《机械设计编委会》编著.机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:168.
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[8]Gao Shuming.Hierarchical Geometric Constraint Model for parametric Feature Based Modeling[M].Journal of Computer Science and Technology,1997,8(3):23-25.
[9]Li Hailong.A feature-Based parametric Product Modeling System in CIMS Environment[J].High Technology Letters,1997,23(9):63-66.
[10]于惠力,向敬忠,张春宜.机械设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:156.
[11]张鄂.现在设计理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:236.
[12]邢闽芳.互换性于技术测量[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:189.
[13]张继春.Pro/ENGINEER二次开发实用教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003:2.
[14]王清辉,王彪.Visual C++CAD应用程序开发技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:5.
[15]网冠科技编著.Visual C++6.0时尚编程百例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:154.
[16]张洪明.Visual C++6.0程序设计基础教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:23.
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[18]张晋西等.齿轮三维参数化建模与加工运动仿真[M].北京:机械设计,2007:148.
[19]Simon V.Load and Stress Distribution in Spur and Helical Gears[J].Journal of Mechanisms,Transmissions and Automation in Design,1988,11(5):23-26.
[20]G.Niemann.Machine Elements Design and Calculation in Mechanical Engineering[J].Journal of Gears,1978,11(3):45-49.
[21]王统.有限元对齿根部分应力分布形态的研究[J].上海交通大学学报,1996,10(3):156-161.
[22]龚曙光.ANSYS工程应用实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:144.
[23]李开泰,黄艾香.有限元法及其应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005:213.
[24]董玉平,王中华等.航空圆柱齿轮三维接触应力有限元计算分析[J].兵工学报,2004,112(12):113-115.
[25]齿轮手册编委会.齿轮手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:168.
[26]L Wilcox,W Coleman.Application of finite elements to the analysis of gear tooth stress[J].ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry,2000,13(6):23-25.
[27]博弈创作室.ANSYS7.0基础教程与实例详解[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003:132.
[28]童秉枢.现在CAD技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:104.
[29]童秉枢.机械CAD技术基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:89.
[30]王世明.国外工程机械新技术新结构和发展趋势[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:12.
[31]徐晓光.工程机械的智能化趋势与发展对策[J].工程机械,2005,112(20):45-49.
[32]A.K托马斯.齿轮承载能力计算[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1979:56.
[33]范垂本编.齿轮的强度和实验[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995:189.
[34]洛阳矿山机械研究所等编译.国际齿轮装置与传动会议论文选[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:163.
[35]李特文著,丁淳译.齿轮啮合原理[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005:215.
[36]何培英,李月琴.基于Pro/Toolkit的Pro/E二次开发及应用[M].北京:机械设计与制造,1993:56.
[37]李咏红.Pro/Engineer的参数化零件二次开发研究与实现[M].北京:中国测试技术,2002:23.
[38]王丽娟.基于ANSYS的齿根弯曲应力分析[J].机械工程与自动化,2003,11(3):56-58.
[39]包家汉,张玉华,薛家国.齿轮啮合过程齿间载荷分配的有限元分析[J].机械传动,2003,123(10):79-82.
[40]高嫒,汪明民.基于接触有限元分析的渐开线齿轮齿廓修形的研究[J].大连理工大学,2006,89(6):89-93.
[41]杜平安,甘娥忠,于亚婷.有限元法—原理,建模及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:88.
[2]周春华,钟建国,黄长礼.土石方机械[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:43.
[3]陈建元.挖掘机使用说明书[M].山东:山东推土机厂,2003:10.
[4]《机械设计编委会》编著.机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:168.
[5]Y.C.pao.Elements of computer-aided design and manufacturing[J].CAD/CAM,1984:55-60.
[6]J.A and Downey.Feature technology:a key to manufacturing integration.Brimson[J].CIM Review,1986,12(3):3-6.
[7]M.Artes and J.IPedrero.Computerized Graphics Method for the Analysis of Gear Design[J].CAD/CAM,1994,129(3):53-57.
[8]Gao Shuming.Hierarchical Geometric Constraint Model for parametric Feature Based Modeling[M].Journal of Computer Science and Technology,1997,8(3):23-25.
[9]Li Hailong.A feature-Based parametric Product Modeling System in CIMS Environment[J].High Technology Letters,1997,23(9):63-66.
[10]于惠力,向敬忠,张春宜.机械设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:156.
[11]张鄂.现在设计理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:236.
[12]邢闽芳.互换性于技术测量[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:189.
[13]张继春.Pro/ENGINEER二次开发实用教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003:2.
[14]王清辉,王彪.Visual C++CAD应用程序开发技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:5.
[15]网冠科技编著.Visual C++6.0时尚编程百例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:154.
[16]张洪明.Visual C++6.0程序设计基础教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:23.
[17]Michael J.Young,邱仲潘等译.Visual C++6.0从入门到精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:56.
[18]张晋西等.齿轮三维参数化建模与加工运动仿真[M].北京:机械设计,2007:148.
[19]Simon V.Load and Stress Distribution in Spur and Helical Gears[J].Journal of Mechanisms,Transmissions and Automation in Design,1988,11(5):23-26.
[20]G.Niemann.Machine Elements Design and Calculation in Mechanical Engineering[J].Journal of Gears,1978,11(3):45-49.
[21]王统.有限元对齿根部分应力分布形态的研究[J].上海交通大学学报,1996,10(3):156-161.
[22]龚曙光.ANSYS工程应用实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:144.
[23]李开泰,黄艾香.有限元法及其应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005:213.
[24]董玉平,王中华等.航空圆柱齿轮三维接触应力有限元计算分析[J].兵工学报,2004,112(12):113-115.
[25]齿轮手册编委会.齿轮手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:168.
[26]L Wilcox,W Coleman.Application of finite elements to the analysis of gear tooth stress[J].ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry,2000,13(6):23-25.
[27]博弈创作室.ANSYS7.0基础教程与实例详解[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003:132.
[28]童秉枢.现在CAD技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:104.
[29]童秉枢.机械CAD技术基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:89.
[30]王世明.国外工程机械新技术新结构和发展趋势[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:12.
[31]徐晓光.工程机械的智能化趋势与发展对策[J].工程机械,2005,112(20):45-49.
[32]A.K托马斯.齿轮承载能力计算[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1979:56.
[33]范垂本编.齿轮的强度和实验[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995:189.
[34]洛阳矿山机械研究所等编译.国际齿轮装置与传动会议论文选[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:163.
[35]李特文著,丁淳译.齿轮啮合原理[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005:215.
[36]何培英,李月琴.基于Pro/Toolkit的Pro/E二次开发及应用[M].北京:机械设计与制造,1993:56.
[37]李咏红.Pro/Engineer的参数化零件二次开发研究与实现[M].北京:中国测试技术,2002:23.
[38]王丽娟.基于ANSYS的齿根弯曲应力分析[J].机械工程与自动化,2003,11(3):56-58.
[39]包家汉,张玉华,薛家国.齿轮啮合过程齿间载荷分配的有限元分析[J].机械传动,2003,123(10):79-82.
[40]高嫒,汪明民.基于接触有限元分析的渐开线齿轮齿廓修形的研究[J].大连理工大学,2006,89(6):89-93.
[41]杜平安,甘娥忠,于亚婷.有限元法—原理,建模及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:88.