大流量混合煤气调节阀电液比例系统稳压技术的研究
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摘要
为建设资源节约和环境友好型和谐社会,钢厂已经在利用生产过程中产生的焦炉和高炉煤气发电。由于技术、安全和成本的原因,混合煤气的稳压目前均采用大型气动压力调节阀实现,受气动执行机构的滞环特性、气体可压缩性等的影响,大型气动压力调节阀响应慢、响应滞后、调节不及时,使送往燃气轮机的混合煤气压力波动过大,这是目前影响正常发电的主要原因。开发适合钢厂循环发电工程要求的高性能压力调节阀,实现大流量煤气压力的稳压是循环发电工程的一个关键技术问题。
大型气体压力调节阀存在的主要问题是响应慢和响应滞后,这是目前的气动执行机构所不能克服的。电液执行机构抗干扰能力强,可以输出较大的推力和较快的执行速度。课题提出研究由电液比例单元驱动大流量调节阀的电液压力调节系统,取代目前钢厂循环发电工程中采用的气动压力调节系统。论文首先对稳压系统进行系统设计及元器件选型。其次,基于物理模型进行图形化建模,通过建模仿真软件AMESim建立稳压系统的PID控制模型,并对系统的动态响应进行了仿真分析,这种方法可以最大程度的考虑系统的细节问题,从而能够得到更加准确的系统模型。再次,进行了机理建模,即通过分析阀控对称缸及调节阀部分的力平衡特性以及压力-流量特性等,建立了系统的非线性数学模型。最后,基于Matlab针对机理建模进行压力控制策略研究,为了对调节阀进行精确的压力控制,研究了以动力学模型为基础的调节阀系统的控制策略,从而以提高系统的响应速度、准确性及稳定性。
通过对大流量混合煤气稳压系统的研究和仿真实验分析可以看出,在采用PID控制方法对大流量混合煤气稳压系统实施控制之后,通过调整不同的比例、积分和微分系数能够使系统对输入信号产生较好的跟踪,但不能很好的克服煤气压力波动对系统稳定性的影响。在采用模糊控制之后,减少了压力波动作用对系统的不良影响,提高了系统的稳定性,对不确定性因素影响的适应能力也有所增强。
In order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly harmony society, steel plants have been using coke oven and blast furnace gas produced in the production process to generate power. Due to technical, safety and cost reasons, mixed-gas regulators are currently large pneumatic pressure control valves. Because the lagging characteristics of the pneumatic executive system, the impact of gas compressibility, large pneumatic pressure control valve can not adjust in time, and pressure fluctuation of the mixed gas sent to the gas turbine is too large, which are the main reasons for abnormal power generation. It is a key technical issue to develop high-performance pressure control valve used in power generation projects for steel plant.
The main problems for large pressure control valve are lag and slow in response, which the pneumatic part can not overcome. Electro-hydraulic executive system has strong capability for resisting bias, further more it can output large thrust and faster execution speed. In the paper, subject bring forward that using ressure control system drived by electro-hydraulic proportional unit to replace the pneumatic pressure regulator system currently used in steel cycle power generation project. In this paper, firstly, system is designed and components are selected. Secondly, physical model was build based on graphical modeling, and PID control mode of system modeling based on the simulation software AMESim is established, further more simulation analysis for dynamic response is carried out. Greatest degree details of the system can be considered in this method, and more accurate system model is able to be built. Thirdly, the mechanism of modeling, that is, through analysing the force balance equation and characteristics of the pressure-flow characteristics of every part to establish a non-linear mathematical model. Finally, in order to improve the response speed, accuracy and stability, pressure control strategies are studied based on Matlab.
After study and analysis of simulation results on large flux mixed gas control system, we can see that after the using of the PID control method for large-flux mixed-gas control system, the system can track the input signal perfectly by adjusting different proportion, integral and differential coefficient to the system, and is able to control the output pressure in the range expected essentially. But not very good ability to overcome the pressure fluctuations act on stability of the system. After the using of fuzzy control, the adverse effects that external fluctuations act on the system have been reduced, and the stability of the system is improved. Adaptive capacity to uncertainty factors is enhanced also.
大型气体压力调节阀存在的主要问题是响应慢和响应滞后,这是目前的气动执行机构所不能克服的。电液执行机构抗干扰能力强,可以输出较大的推力和较快的执行速度。课题提出研究由电液比例单元驱动大流量调节阀的电液压力调节系统,取代目前钢厂循环发电工程中采用的气动压力调节系统。论文首先对稳压系统进行系统设计及元器件选型。其次,基于物理模型进行图形化建模,通过建模仿真软件AMESim建立稳压系统的PID控制模型,并对系统的动态响应进行了仿真分析,这种方法可以最大程度的考虑系统的细节问题,从而能够得到更加准确的系统模型。再次,进行了机理建模,即通过分析阀控对称缸及调节阀部分的力平衡特性以及压力-流量特性等,建立了系统的非线性数学模型。最后,基于Matlab针对机理建模进行压力控制策略研究,为了对调节阀进行精确的压力控制,研究了以动力学模型为基础的调节阀系统的控制策略,从而以提高系统的响应速度、准确性及稳定性。
通过对大流量混合煤气稳压系统的研究和仿真实验分析可以看出,在采用PID控制方法对大流量混合煤气稳压系统实施控制之后,通过调整不同的比例、积分和微分系数能够使系统对输入信号产生较好的跟踪,但不能很好的克服煤气压力波动对系统稳定性的影响。在采用模糊控制之后,减少了压力波动作用对系统的不良影响,提高了系统的稳定性,对不确定性因素影响的适应能力也有所增强。
In order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly harmony society, steel plants have been using coke oven and blast furnace gas produced in the production process to generate power. Due to technical, safety and cost reasons, mixed-gas regulators are currently large pneumatic pressure control valves. Because the lagging characteristics of the pneumatic executive system, the impact of gas compressibility, large pneumatic pressure control valve can not adjust in time, and pressure fluctuation of the mixed gas sent to the gas turbine is too large, which are the main reasons for abnormal power generation. It is a key technical issue to develop high-performance pressure control valve used in power generation projects for steel plant.
The main problems for large pressure control valve are lag and slow in response, which the pneumatic part can not overcome. Electro-hydraulic executive system has strong capability for resisting bias, further more it can output large thrust and faster execution speed. In the paper, subject bring forward that using ressure control system drived by electro-hydraulic proportional unit to replace the pneumatic pressure regulator system currently used in steel cycle power generation project. In this paper, firstly, system is designed and components are selected. Secondly, physical model was build based on graphical modeling, and PID control mode of system modeling based on the simulation software AMESim is established, further more simulation analysis for dynamic response is carried out. Greatest degree details of the system can be considered in this method, and more accurate system model is able to be built. Thirdly, the mechanism of modeling, that is, through analysing the force balance equation and characteristics of the pressure-flow characteristics of every part to establish a non-linear mathematical model. Finally, in order to improve the response speed, accuracy and stability, pressure control strategies are studied based on Matlab.
After study and analysis of simulation results on large flux mixed gas control system, we can see that after the using of the PID control method for large-flux mixed-gas control system, the system can track the input signal perfectly by adjusting different proportion, integral and differential coefficient to the system, and is able to control the output pressure in the range expected essentially. But not very good ability to overcome the pressure fluctuations act on stability of the system. After the using of fuzzy control, the adverse effects that external fluctuations act on the system have been reduced, and the stability of the system is improved. Adaptive capacity to uncertainty factors is enhanced also.
引文
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2.杨世忠,邢丽娟.调节阀流量特性分析及应用选择[J].阀门,2006,(5):33-36
3.徐力生,叶松源,陈伟,胡芳龙,苏达.新型自控调节阀的研制[J].贵州水力发电,2006,20(2):77-78
4.Suzanne Michaud,Samir Ziada,Henri Pastorel.Acoustic Fatigue of a Steam Dump Pipe System Excited by Valve Noise[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2001,123:461-467
5.Ranganathan Srinivasan,Raghunathan Rengaswamy.Approaches for efficient stiction compensation in process control valves[J].Computers and Chemical Engineering,2008,32:218-229
6.M.A.A.Shoukat Choudhury,S.L.Shah,N.F.Thornhill,DavidS.Shook.Automatic detection and quantication of stiction in control valves[J].Control Engineering Practice,2006,14:1395-1412
7.Wiktor Bolek,Jerzy Sasiadek,Tadeusz Wisniewski.Two-valve control of a large steam turbine[J].Control Engineering Practice,2002,10:365-377
8.S.K.Das,B.Ravikumar,D.K.Bhattacharya,I.Chattoraj.Stress corrosion cracking in an Al-bronze chlorine gas Regulating valve[J].Engineering Failure,2000,7:229-237
9.A.Misra,K.Behdinan,W.L.Cleghorn.Self-excited Vibration of A Control Valve due to Fluid-Structure Interction[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2002,16(5):649-665
10.Thananchai Leephakpreeda.Flow-sensorless control valve:neural computing approach[J].Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2003,14:261-266
11.Tielong Shen,Katsutoshi Tamura,HiroshiKaminaga.Robust Nonlinear Control of Parametric Uncertain Systems with Unknown Friction and Its Application to a Pneumatic Control Valve[J].Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurement,and Control,2000,122:257-262
12.Vineet Ahuja,Ashvin Hosangadi,JeremyShipman.Multi-Element Unstructured Analyses of Complex Valve Systems[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2006,128:707-716
13.JamesA.Davis,MikeStewart.Predicting Globe Control Valve Performance PattⅠ:CFD Modeling[J].Transactions of the ASME,2002,124:772-777
14.JamesA.Davis,MikeStewart.Predicting Globe Control Valve Performance PartⅡ:Experimental Verification[J].Transactions of the ASME,2002,124:778-783
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