基于过电压在线监测系统的高压电网输电线路故障定位研究
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摘要
高压输电线路距离长,穿山越岭,工作环境极为恶劣,是电力系统中发生故障最多的地方,故障点难以查找。因此,在线路故障后迅速准确找到故障点,不仅对及时修复线路和快速恢复供电,而且对整个电力系统的安全稳定和经济运行都有十分重要的作用。故障行波定位利用高频暂态行波,不易受过渡电阻、短路类型以及线路结构影响,定位精度较高,但实用中主要以电流行波为主,易受噪声干扰的影响,定位精度难以保证。电压行波突变幅值大,不易受噪声干扰影响,且电力系统故障多发生在电压峰值附近,有利于电压行波的检测。目前故障行波定位方法只是针对单根输电线路,基于整个电网故障定位方法还没有文献明确提出。
本论文在传统双端定位方法的基础上,引入图论中依赖图思想,提出了适用于整个电网的故障定位方法,并在电磁暂态仿真软件ATP-EMTP中建立了株洲地区220kV电网仿真模型,通过大量仿真实例对上述方法的可行性进行验证,最后提出可应用于电网故障定位的过电压在线监测系统配置方案。开展的工作如下:
①分析比较了输电线路的各种模型及其特点,采用相模解耦的方法消除对称三相线路之间的影响,推导了多导线母线节点的行波传输等值规则,总结了输电线路故障行波传输特征,并以500kV简单系统为例对故障初相角以及故障过渡电阻等影响因素进行了仿真分析。
②对比分析了各种小波函数的特点,并提出了采用小波变换模极大值检测故障初始行波波头的方法。
③在基于暂态行波双端波定位方法的基本原理基础上,首次运用图论中依赖图概念,提出一种基于依赖图的高压电网故障定位方法。
④详细叙述了运用ATP-EMTP对株洲地区220kV电网建模过程,并通过大量故障仿真实例对上述方法进行验证,结果表明该方法定位误差在100m以内,有较高的定位精度,同时也有很强的N-1容错能力,最后利用输电线路在线波速测量解决了该方法不能实现终端变近距离故障精确定位的问题。
⑤参考电力系统中相量测量单元PMU配置规则,提出了故障定位装置的配置原则。根据最大测量树MMT算法,提出了基于电网完全拓扑可观的配置方案。最后设计了株洲220kV电网的配置方案,并对该方案进行了仿真分析,结果验证了该方案能对株洲地区220kV电网的故障进行精确的定位。
High voltage transmission lines always go a long distance and go through in mountains. Most of failures of the power system occur on high voltage transmission lines because of extremely bad working environment, and it is difficult to find the point of failure. Therefore, that finding the point of failure quickly and accurately after the line fault is very important, not only for the timely repair of lines and the rapid restoration of power supply, but also for the whole power system security and stability and economic operation. Traveling waves fault location which is using high-frequency transient traveling wave and less vulnerable by impact of resistance, short circuit and the circuit structure is higher accuracy for positioning. Actually, electricity traveling waves which is mainly used is susceptible to interference of noise. So it is difficult to guarantee accuracy of positioning. Whereas, voltage traveling waves which has great mutation amplitude is not easily affected by noise interference. And that power system fault usually occur in the vicinity of the peak voltage is conducive to the detection of voltage traveling wave. The current method of traveling wave fault location is only for a single transmission line. Methods of fault location based on the entire power system have not been put forward explicitly.
On the basis of the traditional double end location ways, this paper introduces the dependent graph thought in the graph theory and presents location methods used to the whole electrical network. What is more, it builds 220kv electrical network stimulation models in the ZhuZhou area to validate the feasibility of the method. At last, the paper brings forward configuring project of over voltage on line monitoring systems in the application of fault location. The concrete work is as follows:
①Various models of transmission lines and their characteristics have been analyzed and compared. The influence among three phrase lines has been eliminated in the way of phrase- model decoupling. Traveling wave equivalence rules of bus nodes that are connected by several conductors are derived and traveling characteristic of Fault Generated Traveling Waves in the transmission lines is given. Moreover, the influence factors of fault initial phase angle and transition resistance is analyzed by simulation in the simple 500kV system.
②Comparative analysis of the characteristics of various wavelet functions. Furthermore, the method of detection fault initial wave hatox using wavelet transform modulus maxima is proposed.
③A fault location way in the high voltage electrical network based on is given by using the conception of in the graph theory at the first time on the fundament of basic principle of double end fault location method.
④The paper went into the particulars the model building course of 220Kv electrical network in ZhuZhou area in the practical application using electrical magnetic transient state simulation software ATP-EMTP. With the validation of the above method by a large amount of simulation, the result suggests that the location error is limited within 100 meters, the method has a high precision and strong fault tolerant ability. At last, the problem with the method of the inability in accurate fault location in the near distance of the terminal transformer is solved by using on-line wave speed measurement.
⑤The disposal principle of fault location machine is proposed on the basis of analysis to how the over voltage on line monitoring devices configure in the simple electrical network topology structures and reference to PMU collocating rules of phase measuring unit in the power system. With the graph theory and topology structure and most measuring tree MMT algorithm, arrangement project meeting the ultimate topology considerable condition is found. In the end, the paper designed the arrangement project in the 220Kv electrical network in the ZhuZhou area based on the above principle, and analyzed by simulation the project. The result validated the project can precisely locate the fault in the above electrical network.
本论文在传统双端定位方法的基础上,引入图论中依赖图思想,提出了适用于整个电网的故障定位方法,并在电磁暂态仿真软件ATP-EMTP中建立了株洲地区220kV电网仿真模型,通过大量仿真实例对上述方法的可行性进行验证,最后提出可应用于电网故障定位的过电压在线监测系统配置方案。开展的工作如下:
①分析比较了输电线路的各种模型及其特点,采用相模解耦的方法消除对称三相线路之间的影响,推导了多导线母线节点的行波传输等值规则,总结了输电线路故障行波传输特征,并以500kV简单系统为例对故障初相角以及故障过渡电阻等影响因素进行了仿真分析。
②对比分析了各种小波函数的特点,并提出了采用小波变换模极大值检测故障初始行波波头的方法。
③在基于暂态行波双端波定位方法的基本原理基础上,首次运用图论中依赖图概念,提出一种基于依赖图的高压电网故障定位方法。
④详细叙述了运用ATP-EMTP对株洲地区220kV电网建模过程,并通过大量故障仿真实例对上述方法进行验证,结果表明该方法定位误差在100m以内,有较高的定位精度,同时也有很强的N-1容错能力,最后利用输电线路在线波速测量解决了该方法不能实现终端变近距离故障精确定位的问题。
⑤参考电力系统中相量测量单元PMU配置规则,提出了故障定位装置的配置原则。根据最大测量树MMT算法,提出了基于电网完全拓扑可观的配置方案。最后设计了株洲220kV电网的配置方案,并对该方案进行了仿真分析,结果验证了该方案能对株洲地区220kV电网的故障进行精确的定位。
High voltage transmission lines always go a long distance and go through in mountains. Most of failures of the power system occur on high voltage transmission lines because of extremely bad working environment, and it is difficult to find the point of failure. Therefore, that finding the point of failure quickly and accurately after the line fault is very important, not only for the timely repair of lines and the rapid restoration of power supply, but also for the whole power system security and stability and economic operation. Traveling waves fault location which is using high-frequency transient traveling wave and less vulnerable by impact of resistance, short circuit and the circuit structure is higher accuracy for positioning. Actually, electricity traveling waves which is mainly used is susceptible to interference of noise. So it is difficult to guarantee accuracy of positioning. Whereas, voltage traveling waves which has great mutation amplitude is not easily affected by noise interference. And that power system fault usually occur in the vicinity of the peak voltage is conducive to the detection of voltage traveling wave. The current method of traveling wave fault location is only for a single transmission line. Methods of fault location based on the entire power system have not been put forward explicitly.
On the basis of the traditional double end location ways, this paper introduces the dependent graph thought in the graph theory and presents location methods used to the whole electrical network. What is more, it builds 220kv electrical network stimulation models in the ZhuZhou area to validate the feasibility of the method. At last, the paper brings forward configuring project of over voltage on line monitoring systems in the application of fault location. The concrete work is as follows:
①Various models of transmission lines and their characteristics have been analyzed and compared. The influence among three phrase lines has been eliminated in the way of phrase- model decoupling. Traveling wave equivalence rules of bus nodes that are connected by several conductors are derived and traveling characteristic of Fault Generated Traveling Waves in the transmission lines is given. Moreover, the influence factors of fault initial phase angle and transition resistance is analyzed by simulation in the simple 500kV system.
②Comparative analysis of the characteristics of various wavelet functions. Furthermore, the method of detection fault initial wave hatox using wavelet transform modulus maxima is proposed.
③A fault location way in the high voltage electrical network based on is given by using the conception of in the graph theory at the first time on the fundament of basic principle of double end fault location method.
④The paper went into the particulars the model building course of 220Kv electrical network in ZhuZhou area in the practical application using electrical magnetic transient state simulation software ATP-EMTP. With the validation of the above method by a large amount of simulation, the result suggests that the location error is limited within 100 meters, the method has a high precision and strong fault tolerant ability. At last, the problem with the method of the inability in accurate fault location in the near distance of the terminal transformer is solved by using on-line wave speed measurement.
⑤The disposal principle of fault location machine is proposed on the basis of analysis to how the over voltage on line monitoring devices configure in the simple electrical network topology structures and reference to PMU collocating rules of phase measuring unit in the power system. With the graph theory and topology structure and most measuring tree MMT algorithm, arrangement project meeting the ultimate topology considerable condition is found. In the end, the paper designed the arrangement project in the 220Kv electrical network in the ZhuZhou area based on the above principle, and analyzed by simulation the project. The result validated the project can precisely locate the fault in the above electrical network.
引文
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[3]曾祥君,尹项根,陈德树等.基于整个输电网GPS行波故障定位系统的研究[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(10):8-10.
[4]曾祥君,尹项根,林福昌等.基于行波传感器的输电线路故障定位方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(6):42-46.
[5] Gale P F, Stokoe J, Crossley P A. Practical Experience with Travelling Wave Fault Locators on Scottish Power's 275 & 400kV Transmission System [C]. Sixth International Conference on evelopments in Power System Protection. 1997, 192-196.
[6]中国电力科学研究院.WFL2010输电线路故障测距系统.2004.
[7]程立.基于双端数据的高压输电线路故障测距算法及其软件实现[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[8] Lawrence D J, Cabeza L Z, Hochberg L T. Developmennt of an advanced transmission line fault location system part I: algorithm development and simulation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1992, 7 (4):19'71-19'78.
[9] AkihiroYONEMOTO, Takashi HISAKADO and Kohshi OKLMURA. Fault Location of Single-phase Transmission Lines By Laguerre Function 2002 IEEE: 161-164.
[10] R.F.Stevens, T.W.Stringfield. A Transmission Line Fault Locator Using Fault-Generated Surges [J]. AIEE Trans. 1948, 67:1168-1179.
[11] T.W.Stringfield, D.J.Marihart, R.F.Stevens. Fault Location Methods for Overhead Lines [J].AIEE Trans. 1957, 76:518-530.
[12] M.Vitins. A Correlation Method for Transmission Line Protection [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1978, 97(5):1607-1617.
[13] K.V.Desikachar, L.P.Singh. Digital Travelling-Wave Protection of Transmission Lines [J].Electric Power Research. 1984, 7(1):19-28.
[14] P.A.Crossley, P.G.Mclaren. Distance Protection Based on Travelling Waves [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1983, 102(9):2971-2983.
[15] Y.G.Paithankar, M.T.Sant. A New Algorithm for Relaying and Fault Location Based on Autocorrelation [J]. Electric Power Systems Research. 1985, 8(2):179-185.
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