农民工社会保障的立法研究
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摘要
农民工是中国改革开放以来伴随着工业化、城市化进程而出现的一个规模庞大的特殊群体,他们的出现是社会发展的必然趋势。伴随着这一群体的出现,农民工在平等用工权、劳动报酬权、生活保障权和子女受教育权等社会保障范畴所面临的问题日益凸显,这与他们的社会贡献不符。如何推进农民工社会保障的立法进程,以有效保护农民工权益,就成为亟待解决的问题。农民工社会保障的立法研究,是解决农民工存在和发展问题的现实需要,也是构建和谐社会的有效途径。围绕这一选题,本文从以下四个部分来论述。
第一部分从时空维度界定“农民工”的具体含义出发,将其具化为“社会人”模式展开解析,在分析社会保障法律关系的基础上,指出“适度责任”理论对农民工社会保障立法的指导和促进作用,并运用自然法思想进一步夯实了农民工社会保障立法的人伦和道德基础,从而为农民工社会保障立法奠定了法理基础。
第二部分回顾了国外和国际间关于劳工社会保障立法的发展脉络,在此基础上得出树立先进的法理念、制定高位阶的法律、消除二元户籍制度障碍以及分类分层推进农民工社会保障制度建设的经验,为我国农民工社会保障立法的完善提供有益借鉴。
第三部分勾勒了中国农民工社会保障立法的演进轨迹,从农民工的代际关系角度具体列举了我国农民工社会保障的国家立法和地方立法,在此基础上归纳出我国农民工社会保障立法存在的问题,为完善我国农民工社会保障立法建立了深厚的现实基础。
第四部分为本文的最终落脚点,这一部分分别从立法理念的架构、立法路径的选择、立法措施的保障一系列的动态立法过程,提出了完善我国农民工社会保障立法的具体方法,包括三个层级的设想:其一,我国农民工社会保障立法上要树立以人为本、风险预防、尊重客观经济规律和社会和谐的立法理念。其二,在法的制定层次上,要注重借鉴国际经验和适应本国国情相结合,提高立法层次,完善立法体系,采用先进立法技术,有效保障在社会中建立一部高质量的农民工社会保障法律。其三,法制定后运用司法解释、加强执法司法力度、加大法律宣传的手段完备农民工社会保障立法,保证其贯彻落实,充分发挥法律的功效,使农民工社会保障立法能成为一部真正保障农民工权益的法律。
本文通过以上四部分的论述,试图为政府制定农民工社会保障的法律法规、决策农民工社会保障问题提供法理基础和理论支持。
With the industrialization and urbanization, peasant workers has became a large-scale special group in China since reform and opening up. It is the inevitable trend of social development. Peasant workers face some increasingly prominent. It does not match their contribution to society that the social security problems they face. How to promote the legislative process of peasant workers social security in order to protect effectively the rights and interests of peasant workers has become a problem that requires urgent attention. The legislative research on peasant workers' social security is the practical needs to address the problems of the existence and development of peasant workers and also the effective way to build a harmonious society. The article discusses this topic in the following four parts.
The first part specific the meaning of peasant workers into "society" to analysis, under the definition of "peasant workers" in the space-time dimensions, after analyzing the legal relationship of social security, the article shows the guidance and promotion of "appropriate responsibility" theory and use the natural law to lays a humanity and moral groundwork in order to lay a jurisprudence foundation for the peasant workers social security legislation.
The second part recalls the development context of foreign and international labor social security legislation, and gains the experience——the establishment of an advanced law idea, the development of high-order laws, the elimination of obstacles to the household registration system and the promotion of the establishment of peasant workers social security system in different classes and levels——to provide a useful reference for the improvement to the Chinese peasant workers social security legislation.
The third part sets out the evolution paths of the Chinese peasant workers social security legislation, specifically lists the national and local legislations on the peasant workers social security in the perspective of inter-generational relations, and summarize the problems of the Chinese peasant workers social security legislation to establish a strong reality foundation for the improvement to the Chinese peasant workers social security legislation.
The forth part is the ultimate result of this paper. This part puts forward the specific methods of improving the Chinese peasant workers social security legislation in the series of the dynamic legislative process: the framework of legislative idea, the selection of legislative path, the protection of legislative measures. The idea has three levels. Firstly, Chinese peasant workers social security legislation should be established in the legislation idea that include people-oriented, risk-prevented, objective economic- respected and social harmonious. Secondly, the legislation should pay attention to the combination of learning from the international experience and adaptation of its own national conditions, improve the legislative level, perfect the legislative system, and used the advanced legislation technology to effectively protect the building of a high-quality law in the community. Thirdly, after the legislation, we should perfect the peasant workers social security legislation, ensure its implementation and give full play to the effectiveness through using judicial interpretation, strengthening the enforcement of execution of law and increasing ways of legal advocacy, so that the legislation can really play a role in protecting the rights and interests of peasant workers'.
This article discusses the above four parts to provide the legal foundation and theoretical support for the government to formulate the laws and regulations of peasant workers social security and make a decision on the peasant workers' social security.
第一部分从时空维度界定“农民工”的具体含义出发,将其具化为“社会人”模式展开解析,在分析社会保障法律关系的基础上,指出“适度责任”理论对农民工社会保障立法的指导和促进作用,并运用自然法思想进一步夯实了农民工社会保障立法的人伦和道德基础,从而为农民工社会保障立法奠定了法理基础。
第二部分回顾了国外和国际间关于劳工社会保障立法的发展脉络,在此基础上得出树立先进的法理念、制定高位阶的法律、消除二元户籍制度障碍以及分类分层推进农民工社会保障制度建设的经验,为我国农民工社会保障立法的完善提供有益借鉴。
第三部分勾勒了中国农民工社会保障立法的演进轨迹,从农民工的代际关系角度具体列举了我国农民工社会保障的国家立法和地方立法,在此基础上归纳出我国农民工社会保障立法存在的问题,为完善我国农民工社会保障立法建立了深厚的现实基础。
第四部分为本文的最终落脚点,这一部分分别从立法理念的架构、立法路径的选择、立法措施的保障一系列的动态立法过程,提出了完善我国农民工社会保障立法的具体方法,包括三个层级的设想:其一,我国农民工社会保障立法上要树立以人为本、风险预防、尊重客观经济规律和社会和谐的立法理念。其二,在法的制定层次上,要注重借鉴国际经验和适应本国国情相结合,提高立法层次,完善立法体系,采用先进立法技术,有效保障在社会中建立一部高质量的农民工社会保障法律。其三,法制定后运用司法解释、加强执法司法力度、加大法律宣传的手段完备农民工社会保障立法,保证其贯彻落实,充分发挥法律的功效,使农民工社会保障立法能成为一部真正保障农民工权益的法律。
本文通过以上四部分的论述,试图为政府制定农民工社会保障的法律法规、决策农民工社会保障问题提供法理基础和理论支持。
With the industrialization and urbanization, peasant workers has became a large-scale special group in China since reform and opening up. It is the inevitable trend of social development. Peasant workers face some increasingly prominent. It does not match their contribution to society that the social security problems they face. How to promote the legislative process of peasant workers social security in order to protect effectively the rights and interests of peasant workers has become a problem that requires urgent attention. The legislative research on peasant workers' social security is the practical needs to address the problems of the existence and development of peasant workers and also the effective way to build a harmonious society. The article discusses this topic in the following four parts.
The first part specific the meaning of peasant workers into "society" to analysis, under the definition of "peasant workers" in the space-time dimensions, after analyzing the legal relationship of social security, the article shows the guidance and promotion of "appropriate responsibility" theory and use the natural law to lays a humanity and moral groundwork in order to lay a jurisprudence foundation for the peasant workers social security legislation.
The second part recalls the development context of foreign and international labor social security legislation, and gains the experience——the establishment of an advanced law idea, the development of high-order laws, the elimination of obstacles to the household registration system and the promotion of the establishment of peasant workers social security system in different classes and levels——to provide a useful reference for the improvement to the Chinese peasant workers social security legislation.
The third part sets out the evolution paths of the Chinese peasant workers social security legislation, specifically lists the national and local legislations on the peasant workers social security in the perspective of inter-generational relations, and summarize the problems of the Chinese peasant workers social security legislation to establish a strong reality foundation for the improvement to the Chinese peasant workers social security legislation.
The forth part is the ultimate result of this paper. This part puts forward the specific methods of improving the Chinese peasant workers social security legislation in the series of the dynamic legislative process: the framework of legislative idea, the selection of legislative path, the protection of legislative measures. The idea has three levels. Firstly, Chinese peasant workers social security legislation should be established in the legislation idea that include people-oriented, risk-prevented, objective economic- respected and social harmonious. Secondly, the legislation should pay attention to the combination of learning from the international experience and adaptation of its own national conditions, improve the legislative level, perfect the legislative system, and used the advanced legislation technology to effectively protect the building of a high-quality law in the community. Thirdly, after the legislation, we should perfect the peasant workers social security legislation, ensure its implementation and give full play to the effectiveness through using judicial interpretation, strengthening the enforcement of execution of law and increasing ways of legal advocacy, so that the legislation can really play a role in protecting the rights and interests of peasant workers'.
This article discusses the above four parts to provide the legal foundation and theoretical support for the government to formulate the laws and regulations of peasant workers social security and make a decision on the peasant workers' social security.
引文
[1]胡玉鸿.法学方法论导论[M].济南:山东人民出版社,2005.321.
[2][德]黑格尔.杨一之译.逻辑学(上卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1966.55-56.
[3][美]约翰·罗尔斯.何怀宏,何包钢,廖申白译.正义论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988.123.
[4][英]埃德蒙·柏克.蒋庆等译.自由与传统--柏克政治论文选[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001.68-69.
[5][法]莱昂·狄骥.郑戈,冷静译.功法的变迁法律与国家[M].北京:辽海出版社·春风文艺出版社,1999.244.
[6]赵肖筠.法理学[M].北京:法律出版社,2006.215.
[7]付子堂.法律学初阶[M].北京:法律出版社,2005.175.
[8]张华,刘博,曲绍旭.社会保障的人性基础探析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版),2007(4):367-369.
[9]尹乃春.社会保障主体的责任问题与法律完善[J].河南科技大学学报(社会科学版),2008(10):97-100.
[10]巢健茜.劳动法与社会保障法[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.179.
[11]方菲.从极端到理性的回归--西方社会保障理念嬗变及其道路选择[J].天府新论,2009(1):103.
[12]杨荣珍,孙然.社会保障福利模式比较研究:选择性与普遍性[J].中国劳动,2007(11):29-31.
[13]丁建定.社会保障概论[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2005.224.
[14]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1955.32.
[15]章亮明,史晓全,傅慧姝.和谐社会中社会保障立法的生存权利思想[J].价格月刊,2005(12).11-12.
[16]李乐平.社会保障法理思想探析[J].前沿,2008,(6):11.
[17]博登海默.法理学--法律哲学与法律方法[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999.317.
[18]史探径.世界社会保障立法的起源和发展[J].外国法议评,1999(2):42-53.
[19]王霄燕.规制与调控--五国经济法历史研究[M].北京:新华出版社,2007.229.
[20]李征宇.有关社会保障的论述[J].劳动与法,2004(4):98.
[21][美]A.奥肯.王奔洲译.平等与效率--重大的抉择[M].北京:华夏出版社,1999.15.
[22]法律法规数据库.链接http://www.law-lib.com/law/[OL].
[23]李凌云.谁在为农民工社会保障立法[J].社会观察,2005(6):18-19.
[24]保障网.链接http://www.cnlss.com/MolssLaw/MedicalInsurance/[OL].
[25]翟从海.我国民工社会保障现状与立法建议[J].探索与争鸣,2004(3):26-28.
[26]河北劳动保障网调查报告.链接www.he.lss.gov.cn[OL].
[27]李培福.关于完善我国社会保障立法的思考[J].时代经贸,2007(7):33.
[28]李新宇.完善我国社会保障立法的几点思考[J].江西科技师范学院学报,2007(3):14.
[29]赵肖筠.市场经济运行中的法理问题研究[M].北京:中国检察出版社,2008.186.
[30]刘丹,肖云,唐浩诚.农民工社会保障立法模式与制度构想[J].商场现代化,2006(10):299.
[2][德]黑格尔.杨一之译.逻辑学(上卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1966.55-56.
[3][美]约翰·罗尔斯.何怀宏,何包钢,廖申白译.正义论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988.123.
[4][英]埃德蒙·柏克.蒋庆等译.自由与传统--柏克政治论文选[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001.68-69.
[5][法]莱昂·狄骥.郑戈,冷静译.功法的变迁法律与国家[M].北京:辽海出版社·春风文艺出版社,1999.244.
[6]赵肖筠.法理学[M].北京:法律出版社,2006.215.
[7]付子堂.法律学初阶[M].北京:法律出版社,2005.175.
[8]张华,刘博,曲绍旭.社会保障的人性基础探析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版),2007(4):367-369.
[9]尹乃春.社会保障主体的责任问题与法律完善[J].河南科技大学学报(社会科学版),2008(10):97-100.
[10]巢健茜.劳动法与社会保障法[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.179.
[11]方菲.从极端到理性的回归--西方社会保障理念嬗变及其道路选择[J].天府新论,2009(1):103.
[12]杨荣珍,孙然.社会保障福利模式比较研究:选择性与普遍性[J].中国劳动,2007(11):29-31.
[13]丁建定.社会保障概论[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2005.224.
[14]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1955.32.
[15]章亮明,史晓全,傅慧姝.和谐社会中社会保障立法的生存权利思想[J].价格月刊,2005(12).11-12.
[16]李乐平.社会保障法理思想探析[J].前沿,2008,(6):11.
[17]博登海默.法理学--法律哲学与法律方法[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999.317.
[18]史探径.世界社会保障立法的起源和发展[J].外国法议评,1999(2):42-53.
[19]王霄燕.规制与调控--五国经济法历史研究[M].北京:新华出版社,2007.229.
[20]李征宇.有关社会保障的论述[J].劳动与法,2004(4):98.
[21][美]A.奥肯.王奔洲译.平等与效率--重大的抉择[M].北京:华夏出版社,1999.15.
[22]法律法规数据库.链接http://www.law-lib.com/law/[OL].
[23]李凌云.谁在为农民工社会保障立法[J].社会观察,2005(6):18-19.
[24]保障网.链接http://www.cnlss.com/MolssLaw/MedicalInsurance/[OL].
[25]翟从海.我国民工社会保障现状与立法建议[J].探索与争鸣,2004(3):26-28.
[26]河北劳动保障网调查报告.链接www.he.lss.gov.cn[OL].
[27]李培福.关于完善我国社会保障立法的思考[J].时代经贸,2007(7):33.
[28]李新宇.完善我国社会保障立法的几点思考[J].江西科技师范学院学报,2007(3):14.
[29]赵肖筠.市场经济运行中的法理问题研究[M].北京:中国检察出版社,2008.186.
[30]刘丹,肖云,唐浩诚.农民工社会保障立法模式与制度构想[J].商场现代化,2006(10):299.