完善我国劳动争议处理体制的几点思考
摘要
劳动权是公民基本权利之一,它同其他宪法基本权利一样需要司法制度的保障。一个国家的劳动争议处理制度,是该国劳动立法完善与否的重要标志。而一国的劳动立法则与处理劳动争议现实要求密不可分。随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的不断深入,劳动关系呈现出了多样化和复杂化的特点,面临许多新情况、新问题。与此同时,作为协调劳动关系主要方式的我国的劳动争议处理体制也暴露出了自身的缺陷与不足。对此,学术界和实务部门提出了很多改革我国劳动争议处理制度的立法建议。全国人大常委会于2007年12月29日通过了《中华人民共和国劳动争议调解仲裁法》,这部法律在实体内容和程序内容方面均做了相当大的调整,理论上能够极大地解决我国劳动争议处理实践中遇到的问题。然而,新法在实施中出现了一些突出的问题,暴露了立法设计的不足与缺陷,而对这些问题的有效解决,将对进一步完善我国的劳动争议处理体制,提高《调解仲裁法》实践中的运行效率,维护稳定和谐的劳动关系,具有非常重要的意义。
本文以《调解仲裁法》的实施为视角,首先,通过对劳动争议概念、特点、劳动争议解决方式的介绍,来界定本文的研究对象。然后,本文对域外劳动争议处理体制进行了简单介绍,旨在证明我国争议处理模式的合理性,研究探讨既有程序模式下相关基本制度的完善具有重要意义,同时也是为了借鉴域外国家劳动争议处理的有益经验。最后,在体制、基本制度两个层面,通过分析《调解仲裁法》有关制度设计的不足,有针对性地提出完善我国劳动争议处理制度建议,以提高其在实践中的运行效率,维护稳定和谐的劳动关系。本文所做的讨论,仅是对《调解仲裁法》实施中几个比较突出问题的进行的初步思考,以期能够起到抛砖引玉的效果,引发对更多、更全面、更深入的思考,从而进一步完善我国的劳动争议处理体制。
Labor rights, as well as other fundamental rights of the Constitution, need to be guaranteed by judiciary. The perfection of labor disputes disposal system is a symbol of completeness of labor legislation in a country. However, the domestic labor legislation is often in close connection with actual requirements of labor disputes disposal. With the establishment and development of a socialist market economy and the enhancement of the concept of people to the rule of law, labor dispute substantial increase in the quantity, and also showed an unprecedented diversity and complexity. Labor disputes' deficiencies and shortcomings are exposed increasingly during dealing with our country's system of regulation of labor disputes in both parties on the legitimate rights and interests. "People's Republic of China Law on labor dispute mediation arbitration" was passed by NPC Standing Committee in December 29, 2007. The contents of the law have been done a considerable adjustment in both the content and procedures, which are able to solve the labor dispute encountered in practice of our country. However, in the implementation of the new law there have been some outstanding questions ,which exposed the inadequacy of legislation and the deficiencies in the design, and in an effective solution to these problems, our country will further improve the treatment of the labor dispute system, improve " Mediation Arbitration Law " in practice operating efficiency, a very important role.
From the perspective of "Mediation Arbitration Law", this paper define the object of study in this article through the introduction of the concept ,characteristics and the way of implement of labor dispute at first. Then this paper deal with labor disputes of foreign countries simple introduction to prove that our country controversial mode of treatment is reasonable and studying the existing procedures related to the basic system model of the sound is of great significance. This study is also in order to draw on labor dispute useful experience of treatment. Finally, on the levels of the system and the basic system, through the analysis of "Mediation Arbitration Law" the inadequacy of the system design, has put forward to improve the system of our country and in order to enhance its practical operation efficiency, the maintenance of a stable and harmonious labor relations. In this paper, the discussion has done, only the initial considering on the implementation of some prominent problem of "Mediation Arbitration Law" in order to be able to play forward the effect of lead on the more comprehensive, more in-depth thinking, thus further improve our system dealing with labor disputes.
本文以《调解仲裁法》的实施为视角,首先,通过对劳动争议概念、特点、劳动争议解决方式的介绍,来界定本文的研究对象。然后,本文对域外劳动争议处理体制进行了简单介绍,旨在证明我国争议处理模式的合理性,研究探讨既有程序模式下相关基本制度的完善具有重要意义,同时也是为了借鉴域外国家劳动争议处理的有益经验。最后,在体制、基本制度两个层面,通过分析《调解仲裁法》有关制度设计的不足,有针对性地提出完善我国劳动争议处理制度建议,以提高其在实践中的运行效率,维护稳定和谐的劳动关系。本文所做的讨论,仅是对《调解仲裁法》实施中几个比较突出问题的进行的初步思考,以期能够起到抛砖引玉的效果,引发对更多、更全面、更深入的思考,从而进一步完善我国的劳动争议处理体制。
Labor rights, as well as other fundamental rights of the Constitution, need to be guaranteed by judiciary. The perfection of labor disputes disposal system is a symbol of completeness of labor legislation in a country. However, the domestic labor legislation is often in close connection with actual requirements of labor disputes disposal. With the establishment and development of a socialist market economy and the enhancement of the concept of people to the rule of law, labor dispute substantial increase in the quantity, and also showed an unprecedented diversity and complexity. Labor disputes' deficiencies and shortcomings are exposed increasingly during dealing with our country's system of regulation of labor disputes in both parties on the legitimate rights and interests. "People's Republic of China Law on labor dispute mediation arbitration" was passed by NPC Standing Committee in December 29, 2007. The contents of the law have been done a considerable adjustment in both the content and procedures, which are able to solve the labor dispute encountered in practice of our country. However, in the implementation of the new law there have been some outstanding questions ,which exposed the inadequacy of legislation and the deficiencies in the design, and in an effective solution to these problems, our country will further improve the treatment of the labor dispute system, improve " Mediation Arbitration Law " in practice operating efficiency, a very important role.
From the perspective of "Mediation Arbitration Law", this paper define the object of study in this article through the introduction of the concept ,characteristics and the way of implement of labor dispute at first. Then this paper deal with labor disputes of foreign countries simple introduction to prove that our country controversial mode of treatment is reasonable and studying the existing procedures related to the basic system model of the sound is of great significance. This study is also in order to draw on labor dispute useful experience of treatment. Finally, on the levels of the system and the basic system, through the analysis of "Mediation Arbitration Law" the inadequacy of the system design, has put forward to improve the system of our country and in order to enhance its practical operation efficiency, the maintenance of a stable and harmonious labor relations. In this paper, the discussion has done, only the initial considering on the implementation of some prominent problem of "Mediation Arbitration Law" in order to be able to play forward the effect of lead on the more comprehensive, more in-depth thinking, thus further improve our system dealing with labor disputes.
引文
1参见第四章表4.1
2见附录A-农民工维权资料
4企业人力资源管理师(二级),中国劳动与社会保障出版社,2007,P378
5See T.Hanami,R.Blanpain,Industrial Conflict Resolution in Market Economies:Astudy of Australia,the Federal Republic of Germany,Italy,Japan and USA,Kluwer Law Taxation Publisher,1989,7
6国际劳工组织:《劳动争议调解与仲裁程序比较研究》,中国工人出版社1998年版,第6页。
7李景森、王昌硕.劳动法学.中国人民大学出版社,1996,316
8梁高峰.中国劳动争议处理体制的法律构想.社科纵横,2005.5
9陈丽萍.论我国劳动争议仲裁模式.苏州大学硕士学位论文,2006
10发生劳动争议的劳动者一方在十人以上,并有共同请求的,可以推举代表参加调解、仲裁或者诉讼活动”
[1]Dr Giinter Halbach,Dr Rolf Schwedes,translated "by Angelida Haarkamp and JohnPower:LABOR LAW:AN OVERVIEW,1991,4th edition
[2]Mario·F·Bognanno and Charles.J.Coleman labor arbitration in American:the profession and practice,Praeger,1992
[3]Olson,Walterk,The Litigation ExPlosion - What Happened when America Unleashed The Lawsuit,Truman Talley Books,Dutton,1991
[4]Employment Protection under Strain By Taco van Peijpe Editor in Chief R.Blanpain Published by Kluwer Law International,The Hague/London/Boston
[5]Economic Analysis of Law By Reehanda.Posner Published By ChinaSoeial Seienees Publishing House In December,1999
[6]Ancient Law,by Henry Summer Maine,2000 English Studio,Fudan University Pless.
[7]Meyerson,Bruce E.,& Cooper,Corinneed.,A Drafter's Guide To Alternative Dispute Resolution,America Bar Association,1991
[8]Labor Law in Germany Published by the federal ministry for labor and Social security English Edition,525
[9]Joint Arty - Fascist Refageo Comm.V.Me Grath,31IU,S123,179(1951)
[10]See R.A.Duff,Trial and Pulishment,Combridge University,Press,1986
[11]Economic and Industrial Democracy(SAGE London,Newbury Park andNew Delhi)1991
[12]See T.Hanami,R.Blanpain,Industrial Conflict Resolution in Market Economies:A study of Australia,the Federal Republic of Germany,Italy,Japan and USA,Kluwer Law Taxation Publisher,1989,7
[13]Alan Redfern and Martin Hunter,Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration,Second Edition,Sweet & Maxwell,1990,2
[14]Joseph Raz.The Morality of Freedom.Oxford:Claredon Press,1986,191
[15]Christoper osakwe.The Bill of Rights for the criminal Defendant in American Law.In Human Rights in Criminal Procedure,Nartinus Nijhoff - Publishers,1982
[16]林国强.台湾劳资争议处理机制及其对大陆的启示[J].法制与社会,21307,(3).P361
[17]史尚宽.劳动法原论[M].正人印书馆,1978年重版,P241
[18]郑尚元.劳动争议案件审判制度比较与分析[J].《法律适用》2005,(10):P77
[19]侯玲玲.中国和瑞典劳动争议处理体制的比较研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2006,(3).P217
[20]劳动科学研究所课题组.我国劳动争议处理制度改革问题研究.2005,(10):P35
[21][英]艾利森·邦,马纳·撒夫.劳动法基础(影印版)[M].武汉大学出版社,2004.P10
[22]王远佳.走近英国ACAS[J].中国劳动,2002,(12).
[23]哈晓斯,王瑞.美国的劳动争议处理制度[J].中国劳动保障,2006,(3):P49
[24]王国社.内地与香港劳动争议仲裁制度比较研究[J].现代法学,2004,(6):P69
[25]江君清.我国劳动争议处理体制的重构[J].中国劳动,2001,(11)
[26]陈新.劳动争议处理体制应实行两裁终决[J].中国劳动,2001,(12)
[27]李勇.关于调整和完善劳动争议处理体制的建议[J].中国劳动,2003,(1)
[28]陈金红.应建立“裁审分离”的劳动争议处理体制[J].中国劳动,2002,(6)
[29]郑尚元.劳动争议处理程序法的现代化[M].中国方正出版社,2002.8
[30]朱茂林.职业[J].2009.01
[31]李景森、王昌硕.劳动法学[M].中国人民大学出版社,1996,P316
[32]常凯,张德荣.工会法通论[M].中共中央党校出版社,1993,P3
[33]刘静.工会组建任重道远[J].工人日报,2003.9.27
[34]黄越钦.劳动法新论[M].中国政法大学出版社,2003,P320.
[35]冯彦君.劳动权论略[J].社会科学战线,2003,(1),P168
[36]哈罗德·伯曼.美国法律讲话[M].陈若柜译,三联书店出版社,1988,P121-122
[37]潘俊星.论仲裁员的履职考评[J].西安政治学院学报,2003,(3)
[38]韩健著.现代国际商事仲裁法理论与实践[M].法律出版社,2000,P160-162
[39]乔欣.仲裁权研究.仲裁程序公正与权利保障[M],法律出版社,2001,P57
[40]杨崇森.仲裁法新论[M].台湾仲裁协会,1999,P156
[41]王辉,张莉.我国《调解仲裁法》实施中的新问题研究[J].商场现代化,2008,(10)
[42]张网成.我国劳动争议现状及发展趋势[J].中国劳动关系学院学报,2008,(6)
[43]林丽玉.我国内地与香港地区劳动争议处理体制的比较研究-以新《劳动争议调解仲裁法》为视角.法制与社会,2008,(11)
[44]曲麟.《调解仲裁法》溯及力适用的法理冲突.黑龙江科技信息,2008,29
[45]张冬梅.劳动争议处理体制的比较研究-兼谈《劳动争议调解仲裁法》的不足和完善.中国劳动关系学院学报,2008,(6)
[46]李援.《调解仲裁法》条文释义与案例精解.中国民主法制出版社,2008,(1)
[47]范愉.非诉讼纠纷解决机制研究[M].中国人民大学出版社,2000
[48]李坤刚.关于我国劳动争议仲裁两个问题的探讨[J].安徽大学学报,2000,(5)
[49]孙英慧.关于我国仲裁员制度的法律思考.山东大学硕士学位论文,2007
[50]巴菱.我国劳动争议调解制度的模式研究.华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2007
[51]陶然.我国劳动争议仲裁制度评价及其完善.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2004
[52]岳增鹏.我国劳动争议处理制度缺陷与重构.吉林大学硕士学位论文,2005
[53]熊琳.日本劳动争议解决制度及其最新发展.中国政法大学博士学位论文,2005
[54]杨裕贤.我国劳动争议仲裁制度的反思与重构.吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006
[55]张舸.我国劳动争议仲裁制度的缺陷与完善研究.中国政法大学研究生院,2007
[56]李杨.我国劳动争议处理机制研究.东北财经大学硕士学位论文,2006
[57]冯蓓.我国劳动争议处理体制的模式选择.湖南大学硕士学位论文,2005
[58]吉达珠.劳动争议处理机制的实证研究.西南政法大学博士学位论文,2006
[59]田强.劳动争议诉讼制度研究.中国政法大学硕士学位论文,2006
[60]陈东超.论劳动争议仲裁与诉讼的冲突与协调.中山大学硕士学位论文,2005
2见附录A-农民工维权资料
4企业人力资源管理师(二级),中国劳动与社会保障出版社,2007,P378
5See T.Hanami,R.Blanpain,Industrial Conflict Resolution in Market Economies:Astudy of Australia,the Federal Republic of Germany,Italy,Japan and USA,Kluwer Law Taxation Publisher,1989,7
6国际劳工组织:《劳动争议调解与仲裁程序比较研究》,中国工人出版社1998年版,第6页。
7李景森、王昌硕.劳动法学.中国人民大学出版社,1996,316
8梁高峰.中国劳动争议处理体制的法律构想.社科纵横,2005.5
9陈丽萍.论我国劳动争议仲裁模式.苏州大学硕士学位论文,2006
10发生劳动争议的劳动者一方在十人以上,并有共同请求的,可以推举代表参加调解、仲裁或者诉讼活动”
[1]Dr Giinter Halbach,Dr Rolf Schwedes,translated "by Angelida Haarkamp and JohnPower:LABOR LAW:AN OVERVIEW,1991,4th edition
[2]Mario·F·Bognanno and Charles.J.Coleman labor arbitration in American:the profession and practice,Praeger,1992
[3]Olson,Walterk,The Litigation ExPlosion - What Happened when America Unleashed The Lawsuit,Truman Talley Books,Dutton,1991
[4]Employment Protection under Strain By Taco van Peijpe Editor in Chief R.Blanpain Published by Kluwer Law International,The Hague/London/Boston
[5]Economic Analysis of Law By Reehanda.Posner Published By ChinaSoeial Seienees Publishing House In December,1999
[6]Ancient Law,by Henry Summer Maine,2000 English Studio,Fudan University Pless.
[7]Meyerson,Bruce E.,& Cooper,Corinneed.,A Drafter's Guide To Alternative Dispute Resolution,America Bar Association,1991
[8]Labor Law in Germany Published by the federal ministry for labor and Social security English Edition,525
[9]Joint Arty - Fascist Refageo Comm.V.Me Grath,31IU,S123,179(1951)
[10]See R.A.Duff,Trial and Pulishment,Combridge University,Press,1986
[11]Economic and Industrial Democracy(SAGE London,Newbury Park andNew Delhi)1991
[12]See T.Hanami,R.Blanpain,Industrial Conflict Resolution in Market Economies:A study of Australia,the Federal Republic of Germany,Italy,Japan and USA,Kluwer Law Taxation Publisher,1989,7
[13]Alan Redfern and Martin Hunter,Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration,Second Edition,Sweet & Maxwell,1990,2
[14]Joseph Raz.The Morality of Freedom.Oxford:Claredon Press,1986,191
[15]Christoper osakwe.The Bill of Rights for the criminal Defendant in American Law.In Human Rights in Criminal Procedure,Nartinus Nijhoff - Publishers,1982
[16]林国强.台湾劳资争议处理机制及其对大陆的启示[J].法制与社会,21307,(3).P361
[17]史尚宽.劳动法原论[M].正人印书馆,1978年重版,P241
[18]郑尚元.劳动争议案件审判制度比较与分析[J].《法律适用》2005,(10):P77
[19]侯玲玲.中国和瑞典劳动争议处理体制的比较研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2006,(3).P217
[20]劳动科学研究所课题组.我国劳动争议处理制度改革问题研究.2005,(10):P35
[21][英]艾利森·邦,马纳·撒夫.劳动法基础(影印版)[M].武汉大学出版社,2004.P10
[22]王远佳.走近英国ACAS[J].中国劳动,2002,(12).
[23]哈晓斯,王瑞.美国的劳动争议处理制度[J].中国劳动保障,2006,(3):P49
[24]王国社.内地与香港劳动争议仲裁制度比较研究[J].现代法学,2004,(6):P69
[25]江君清.我国劳动争议处理体制的重构[J].中国劳动,2001,(11)
[26]陈新.劳动争议处理体制应实行两裁终决[J].中国劳动,2001,(12)
[27]李勇.关于调整和完善劳动争议处理体制的建议[J].中国劳动,2003,(1)
[28]陈金红.应建立“裁审分离”的劳动争议处理体制[J].中国劳动,2002,(6)
[29]郑尚元.劳动争议处理程序法的现代化[M].中国方正出版社,2002.8
[30]朱茂林.职业[J].2009.01
[31]李景森、王昌硕.劳动法学[M].中国人民大学出版社,1996,P316
[32]常凯,张德荣.工会法通论[M].中共中央党校出版社,1993,P3
[33]刘静.工会组建任重道远[J].工人日报,2003.9.27
[34]黄越钦.劳动法新论[M].中国政法大学出版社,2003,P320.
[35]冯彦君.劳动权论略[J].社会科学战线,2003,(1),P168
[36]哈罗德·伯曼.美国法律讲话[M].陈若柜译,三联书店出版社,1988,P121-122
[37]潘俊星.论仲裁员的履职考评[J].西安政治学院学报,2003,(3)
[38]韩健著.现代国际商事仲裁法理论与实践[M].法律出版社,2000,P160-162
[39]乔欣.仲裁权研究.仲裁程序公正与权利保障[M],法律出版社,2001,P57
[40]杨崇森.仲裁法新论[M].台湾仲裁协会,1999,P156
[41]王辉,张莉.我国《调解仲裁法》实施中的新问题研究[J].商场现代化,2008,(10)
[42]张网成.我国劳动争议现状及发展趋势[J].中国劳动关系学院学报,2008,(6)
[43]林丽玉.我国内地与香港地区劳动争议处理体制的比较研究-以新《劳动争议调解仲裁法》为视角.法制与社会,2008,(11)
[44]曲麟.《调解仲裁法》溯及力适用的法理冲突.黑龙江科技信息,2008,29
[45]张冬梅.劳动争议处理体制的比较研究-兼谈《劳动争议调解仲裁法》的不足和完善.中国劳动关系学院学报,2008,(6)
[46]李援.《调解仲裁法》条文释义与案例精解.中国民主法制出版社,2008,(1)
[47]范愉.非诉讼纠纷解决机制研究[M].中国人民大学出版社,2000
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