基于GPRS电能质量监测仪的研究
摘要
随着国民经济的发展,电能质量问题逐渐受到电力企业和电力用户的共同关注。建立电能质量综合监测系统,对电能质量进行长期、连续的监测,全面掌握电能质量状况,从而为改善电能质量提供依据是十分必要的。GPRS在原有的GSM网络中引入分组交换能力,大大提高了传输速率。将GPRS应用于电能质量监测仪表对于实现实时监测有较高的性价比和适用性。
针对电网的特殊性,本文在分析了电能质量监测技术发展趋势和技术特点的基础上提出了以单片机为控制芯片,以GPRS为通信方式的电能质量监测仪设计方案。监测仪以美国Silabs公司的高性能低功耗SOC单片机C8051F020为核心。通过对GPRS技术的研究并结合电能质量监测的实际需要,选择西门子公司的MC35i作为监测仪的GPRS通信模块,实现了与监测中心的GPRS通信。A/D采样电路应用ADS7864芯片对电压电流信号进行六路同步采样,并采用硬件锁相环技术实现对信号的频率跟踪和同步采样控制,保证在一个信号周期内能够均匀采样到N点从而解决采样不同步导致的频谱泄漏问题。整个系统的软件部分采用模块化设计,不但提高了系统的运行效率,而且增强了程序的可移植性、可读性和查找错误的方便性,使系统软件结构更具有条理性。
论文设计的监测仪在实验中取得了很好的效果,实验结果表明仪表具有较高的测量精度,可以满足电能质量监测的精度要求,数据远程传输安全稳定,达到了电力设备实时监控的要求。
With the development of the national economy,the problem of power quality is getting more and more attention of the power companies and users.It's quite necessary to establish the power quality monitoring system,so that we can get full grasp of status of the power grid with which we can improve the power quality.GPRS introduced packet switching method to the original SM net, thus enhanced the transmission speed dramatically.Applying GPRS to the power monitoring devices is of high cost-effectiveness and good applicability for the real-time monitoring.
Given the specialty of the power grid,first the development trends and technical characteristics of the power quality monitoring technique is studied,then the method of adopting the SCM as the control chip and GPRS as the communication in the design of the power quality monitoring devices is introduced in this paper.The monitoring devices adopt the high effective and low-power consuming SOC-C8051F020 of the Silabs Company as the core.After a through study of the GPRS technique and the actual needs of the power quality monitoring,the MC35i of the Simens Company is adopted as the GPRS communication module of the devices,which is connected to the GPRS of the monitoring center.In the A/D sampling circuit,the ADS7864 IC is applied to the 6 lines synchronous sampling of the voltage and current signals,and the hardware phase-locked loop technique is applied to controlling of the frequency tracking and synchronous sampling of the signals,so that in one cycle a signal can be sampled to N points evenly as to solve the problem of the spectrum leakage caused by non- synchronous sampling.The software of the whole system adopt module design,which not only improves the operating efficiency,but also enhances the portability and readability of the process.
The devices designed in this paper achieved good results in the experiment;the experimental results show that the devices have high measurement accuracy,which meet the requirements of the power quality monitoring,and the long-distance data transmission-which meet the requirements of the real-time monitoring of the power devices-is secure and stable.
针对电网的特殊性,本文在分析了电能质量监测技术发展趋势和技术特点的基础上提出了以单片机为控制芯片,以GPRS为通信方式的电能质量监测仪设计方案。监测仪以美国Silabs公司的高性能低功耗SOC单片机C8051F020为核心。通过对GPRS技术的研究并结合电能质量监测的实际需要,选择西门子公司的MC35i作为监测仪的GPRS通信模块,实现了与监测中心的GPRS通信。A/D采样电路应用ADS7864芯片对电压电流信号进行六路同步采样,并采用硬件锁相环技术实现对信号的频率跟踪和同步采样控制,保证在一个信号周期内能够均匀采样到N点从而解决采样不同步导致的频谱泄漏问题。整个系统的软件部分采用模块化设计,不但提高了系统的运行效率,而且增强了程序的可移植性、可读性和查找错误的方便性,使系统软件结构更具有条理性。
论文设计的监测仪在实验中取得了很好的效果,实验结果表明仪表具有较高的测量精度,可以满足电能质量监测的精度要求,数据远程传输安全稳定,达到了电力设备实时监控的要求。
With the development of the national economy,the problem of power quality is getting more and more attention of the power companies and users.It's quite necessary to establish the power quality monitoring system,so that we can get full grasp of status of the power grid with which we can improve the power quality.GPRS introduced packet switching method to the original SM net, thus enhanced the transmission speed dramatically.Applying GPRS to the power monitoring devices is of high cost-effectiveness and good applicability for the real-time monitoring.
Given the specialty of the power grid,first the development trends and technical characteristics of the power quality monitoring technique is studied,then the method of adopting the SCM as the control chip and GPRS as the communication in the design of the power quality monitoring devices is introduced in this paper.The monitoring devices adopt the high effective and low-power consuming SOC-C8051F020 of the Silabs Company as the core.After a through study of the GPRS technique and the actual needs of the power quality monitoring,the MC35i of the Simens Company is adopted as the GPRS communication module of the devices,which is connected to the GPRS of the monitoring center.In the A/D sampling circuit,the ADS7864 IC is applied to the 6 lines synchronous sampling of the voltage and current signals,and the hardware phase-locked loop technique is applied to controlling of the frequency tracking and synchronous sampling of the signals,so that in one cycle a signal can be sampled to N points evenly as to solve the problem of the spectrum leakage caused by non- synchronous sampling.The software of the whole system adopt module design,which not only improves the operating efficiency,but also enhances the portability and readability of the process.
The devices designed in this paper achieved good results in the experiment;the experimental results show that the devices have high measurement accuracy,which meet the requirements of the power quality monitoring,and the long-distance data transmission-which meet the requirements of the real-time monitoring of the power devices-is secure and stable.
引文
[1]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[2]程浩忠,艾芊,张志刚.电能质量[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[3]高云鹏,腾召胜.电能质量监测技术现状与发展方向[J].仪器仪表用户.2004(4)
[4]Mario Rabinowitz.Power Systems of the Future..IEEE Power Engineering Review.2000,20(3):10-29
[5]Douglas SDorr,Robert E.Jurewicz,John L.McClaine.Interpreting Recent Power Quality Surveys to Define the Electrical Environment.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1997,33(6):1480-1487
[6]IEEE std 1159-1995:IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality
[7]IEEE std 1250-1995:IEEE Guide for Service to Equipment Sensitive to Momentary Voltage Disturbances
[8]IEEE std 519-1992::IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems
[9]邓少军,张振川.电能质量监测设备的发展[J].电测与仪表.2005(5):7-9
[10]赵燕坤.电能质量的远程监测[J].华北电力技术.1999(4):45-51
[11]吴展遥.电能质量数据采集和谐波分析方法的实现[J].现代电子技术.2006,29(23).
[12]刘军成.电能质量监测系统发展及其瓶颈[J].电力设备.2008(10):24-27
[13]朱玉琴,李正明,孙俊.基于GPRS的农村电网远程监测系统[J].农机化研究.2009(01):222-224
[14]朱畅华,裴昌幸,李建东,闵范保.GPRS数据业务性能分析[J].电子学报.2004(05):836-840
[15]沈广,李欣,万德春.基于GPRS技术的配变管理系统[J].高电压技术.2004(07):53-55
[16]沈苑,陈晓荣,施展.基于GPRS技术的远程数据采集与分析系统[J].上 海理工大学学报.2007(03):281-283
[17]施慧,王军,陈安卫.基于GPRS通信技术的台区变压器远程抄表系统[J].中国电力.2007(07):82-86
[18]赵逸众,肖湘宁,姜旭.现代电能质量监测技术的发展动态[J].电气技术.2006(01):13-17
[19]胡敦利,李颖宏,徐继宁.工业级GPRS数据终端的设计与实现[J].仪器仪表学报.2005(08)增刊
[20]秦大兴,刘建,郑喜凤.基于GPRS模块MC35i的监测系统设计[J].仪表技术与传感器.2007(02):20-22
[21]徐月华.基于GPRS技术的配电变压器监控系统终端设计[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版).2006(09):35-38
[22]文志成.通用分组无线业务—GPRS[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[23]赵孔新,栾天,刘丽伟,钱锋.MC35i外围电路设计及应用[J].电子产品世界.2006(02):70-75
[24]李小强.频率同步跟踪技术在电网电量参数采样中的应用[J].中国电力教育.2008年研究综述与技术论坛专刊
[25]曾敏辉,唐柏林.电力系统频率跟踪方法探讨[J].电工技术应用.2007(06):29-31
[26]蒋剑波,刘贤兴,王德明.FFT和小波变换在电力系统谐波测量中的应用[J].高电压技术.2005(11):85-87
[27]易立强,邝继顺.一种基于FFT实时谐波分析算法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报.2007(04):98-102
[28]万佑红,王锁萍.一种改进FFT算法在DSP上的实现[J].计算机工程与应用.2006(29):84-86
[29]Robert Sedgewick.C算法[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[30]王朝英,冯新喜.信号处理原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[31]李伟章.移动通信技术与业务[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[32]Novatel Wireless,Inc GPRS Technology Overview.Novatel Wireless,Inc.2002
[33]Cisco Systems,Inc.GPRS White Paper.Cisco Systems,Inc.2002.7
[34]吕捷.GPRS技术[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[35]韩东芳.基于GPRS和SMS的超标自动化系统终端机的开发.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2005
[36]Simpson W.The Point-to-Point Protocol(PPP).In:RFC 1331,Day-dreamer,1992
[37]Simpson W,DayDreamer.PPP Password Authentication Protocols.In:RFC 1334,1992
[38]Rivest R,S Dusse.The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm.In:MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and RSA Data Security,Inc RFC1321,1992
[39]Simpson W,DayDreamer.PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol(CHAP).In:RFC 1994,1996
[40]G McGregor.The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol(IPCP).In:Merit Network,Inc RFC 1332,1992
[41]赵峰,王艳玮,范建华,李琪.GPRS终端拨号上网连接认证注册全过程研究[J].计算机工程与应用.2004(23)
[42]张玉茹,苏晓东.基于C8051F020远程数据采集系统的设计[J].电测与仪表.2008(09):42-45
[43]鲍可进.C8051F020单片机原理及应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[44]章长飞.C8051F系列单片机开发与C语言编程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[45]王福增,王成海,董建友.ADS7864在电网数据采集中的应用[J].现代电子技术.2003(07):85-87
[46]傅晓程,祁才君.ADS7864及其应用[J].仪表技术.2002(02):23-25
[47]陈冬,彭德迟.DS1302实时时钟在嵌入式系统中的应用[J].黄石理工学院学报.2006(05):83-86
[48]杨将新,李华军,刘东骏.单片机程序设计及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[49]求是科技.单片机典型外围器件及应用实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[2]程浩忠,艾芊,张志刚.电能质量[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[3]高云鹏,腾召胜.电能质量监测技术现状与发展方向[J].仪器仪表用户.2004(4)
[4]Mario Rabinowitz.Power Systems of the Future..IEEE Power Engineering Review.2000,20(3):10-29
[5]Douglas SDorr,Robert E.Jurewicz,John L.McClaine.Interpreting Recent Power Quality Surveys to Define the Electrical Environment.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1997,33(6):1480-1487
[6]IEEE std 1159-1995:IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality
[7]IEEE std 1250-1995:IEEE Guide for Service to Equipment Sensitive to Momentary Voltage Disturbances
[8]IEEE std 519-1992::IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems
[9]邓少军,张振川.电能质量监测设备的发展[J].电测与仪表.2005(5):7-9
[10]赵燕坤.电能质量的远程监测[J].华北电力技术.1999(4):45-51
[11]吴展遥.电能质量数据采集和谐波分析方法的实现[J].现代电子技术.2006,29(23).
[12]刘军成.电能质量监测系统发展及其瓶颈[J].电力设备.2008(10):24-27
[13]朱玉琴,李正明,孙俊.基于GPRS的农村电网远程监测系统[J].农机化研究.2009(01):222-224
[14]朱畅华,裴昌幸,李建东,闵范保.GPRS数据业务性能分析[J].电子学报.2004(05):836-840
[15]沈广,李欣,万德春.基于GPRS技术的配变管理系统[J].高电压技术.2004(07):53-55
[16]沈苑,陈晓荣,施展.基于GPRS技术的远程数据采集与分析系统[J].上 海理工大学学报.2007(03):281-283
[17]施慧,王军,陈安卫.基于GPRS通信技术的台区变压器远程抄表系统[J].中国电力.2007(07):82-86
[18]赵逸众,肖湘宁,姜旭.现代电能质量监测技术的发展动态[J].电气技术.2006(01):13-17
[19]胡敦利,李颖宏,徐继宁.工业级GPRS数据终端的设计与实现[J].仪器仪表学报.2005(08)增刊
[20]秦大兴,刘建,郑喜凤.基于GPRS模块MC35i的监测系统设计[J].仪表技术与传感器.2007(02):20-22
[21]徐月华.基于GPRS技术的配电变压器监控系统终端设计[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版).2006(09):35-38
[22]文志成.通用分组无线业务—GPRS[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[23]赵孔新,栾天,刘丽伟,钱锋.MC35i外围电路设计及应用[J].电子产品世界.2006(02):70-75
[24]李小强.频率同步跟踪技术在电网电量参数采样中的应用[J].中国电力教育.2008年研究综述与技术论坛专刊
[25]曾敏辉,唐柏林.电力系统频率跟踪方法探讨[J].电工技术应用.2007(06):29-31
[26]蒋剑波,刘贤兴,王德明.FFT和小波变换在电力系统谐波测量中的应用[J].高电压技术.2005(11):85-87
[27]易立强,邝继顺.一种基于FFT实时谐波分析算法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报.2007(04):98-102
[28]万佑红,王锁萍.一种改进FFT算法在DSP上的实现[J].计算机工程与应用.2006(29):84-86
[29]Robert Sedgewick.C算法[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[30]王朝英,冯新喜.信号处理原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[31]李伟章.移动通信技术与业务[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[32]Novatel Wireless,Inc GPRS Technology Overview.Novatel Wireless,Inc.2002
[33]Cisco Systems,Inc.GPRS White Paper.Cisco Systems,Inc.2002.7
[34]吕捷.GPRS技术[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[35]韩东芳.基于GPRS和SMS的超标自动化系统终端机的开发.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2005
[36]Simpson W.The Point-to-Point Protocol(PPP).In:RFC 1331,Day-dreamer,1992
[37]Simpson W,DayDreamer.PPP Password Authentication Protocols.In:RFC 1334,1992
[38]Rivest R,S Dusse.The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm.In:MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and RSA Data Security,Inc RFC1321,1992
[39]Simpson W,DayDreamer.PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol(CHAP).In:RFC 1994,1996
[40]G McGregor.The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol(IPCP).In:Merit Network,Inc RFC 1332,1992
[41]赵峰,王艳玮,范建华,李琪.GPRS终端拨号上网连接认证注册全过程研究[J].计算机工程与应用.2004(23)
[42]张玉茹,苏晓东.基于C8051F020远程数据采集系统的设计[J].电测与仪表.2008(09):42-45
[43]鲍可进.C8051F020单片机原理及应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[44]章长飞.C8051F系列单片机开发与C语言编程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[45]王福增,王成海,董建友.ADS7864在电网数据采集中的应用[J].现代电子技术.2003(07):85-87
[46]傅晓程,祁才君.ADS7864及其应用[J].仪表技术.2002(02):23-25
[47]陈冬,彭德迟.DS1302实时时钟在嵌入式系统中的应用[J].黄石理工学院学报.2006(05):83-86
[48]杨将新,李华军,刘东骏.单片机程序设计及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[49]求是科技.单片机典型外围器件及应用实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006