虚拟装配信息增强技术研究
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摘要
虚拟装配技术作为一种新技术在国内外得到了广泛的研究。该技术的使用可以缩短新产品的开发周期,减少新产品的开发成本。信息在虚拟装配中扮演着颇为重要的角色,虚拟装配场景中的信息提示,既可以引导用户进行虚拟装配,也可以对用户的操作进行反馈。本文在虚拟装配信息增强技术研究的基础上,开发出虚拟装配信息增强系统,力求能较大程度的推动虚拟装配技术的发展和应用。
本文首先对虚拟装配过程中需要增强显示的信息进行分类,包括零件管理信息、零件几何信息、零件拓扑信息和装配工艺信息;采用层次信息模型对虚拟装配增强信息进行建模;采用基于元数据的信息管理方法对这些装配信息进行组织与管理。并依此建立虚拟装配增强信息数据库,支撑整个信息增强系统。
然后,本文根据增强方式的不同,将各种虚拟装配增强信息归纳为文字信息和零件特征信息两种类型。根据文字信息的特点,提出文字模型、三维信息框以及文字贴图等三种增强方式;对于零件特征信息,研究了线面等零件特征的表示方法,采用面向对象的技术对这些特征信息进行封装,对不同的零件特征提出相应的增强方式。
最后在Open Inventor平台上,用Access建立虚拟装配增强信息数据库,并用VC++ 6.0完成了虚拟装配信息增强系统的开发。采用一个示例装配体的虚拟装配作为实例进行验证,证明了系统的正确性和有效性。
Virtual Assembly (VA) is a new technology that has been widely researched home and abroad. The use of this technology shortens the product development cycle and reduces the cost of new product development. In VA, information plays an important role. Information hints in the assembly environment can guide users to complete the virtual assembly and can feed back to users' operation. To address this problem, this paper develops an Information-Rich Virtual Assembly Environment (IRVAE) based on the research of information-rich theory for VA.
Firstly, this paper studies the information that requires enhancement display in the virtual assembly environment and classifies the assembly information into four categories which are part management information, part geometrical information, part topology information and assembly process information. Level Information Model is used to model the virtual assembly information. The information is managed in the information management method based on the metadata. According to the assembly information metadata structure, virtual assembly enhanced information database is built to support the whole information enhancement system.
Secondly, this paper classifies the virtual assembly information into two types: text information and character information. According to the feature of text information, three enhancement methods are proposed: text model, 3D information box and word texture. For the character information, the representation of part features such as the line and plane is proposed and object-oriented technology is used to package the character information, and corresponding enhancement display methods are presented for different character types.
Finally, on the Open Inventor platform, the virtual assembly information database is built with Microsoft Office Access, and the IRVAE is developed with VC++ 6.0. The accuracy and effectiveness of the system is proved with the instance of an assembly.
本文首先对虚拟装配过程中需要增强显示的信息进行分类,包括零件管理信息、零件几何信息、零件拓扑信息和装配工艺信息;采用层次信息模型对虚拟装配增强信息进行建模;采用基于元数据的信息管理方法对这些装配信息进行组织与管理。并依此建立虚拟装配增强信息数据库,支撑整个信息增强系统。
然后,本文根据增强方式的不同,将各种虚拟装配增强信息归纳为文字信息和零件特征信息两种类型。根据文字信息的特点,提出文字模型、三维信息框以及文字贴图等三种增强方式;对于零件特征信息,研究了线面等零件特征的表示方法,采用面向对象的技术对这些特征信息进行封装,对不同的零件特征提出相应的增强方式。
最后在Open Inventor平台上,用Access建立虚拟装配增强信息数据库,并用VC++ 6.0完成了虚拟装配信息增强系统的开发。采用一个示例装配体的虚拟装配作为实例进行验证,证明了系统的正确性和有效性。
Virtual Assembly (VA) is a new technology that has been widely researched home and abroad. The use of this technology shortens the product development cycle and reduces the cost of new product development. In VA, information plays an important role. Information hints in the assembly environment can guide users to complete the virtual assembly and can feed back to users' operation. To address this problem, this paper develops an Information-Rich Virtual Assembly Environment (IRVAE) based on the research of information-rich theory for VA.
Firstly, this paper studies the information that requires enhancement display in the virtual assembly environment and classifies the assembly information into four categories which are part management information, part geometrical information, part topology information and assembly process information. Level Information Model is used to model the virtual assembly information. The information is managed in the information management method based on the metadata. According to the assembly information metadata structure, virtual assembly enhanced information database is built to support the whole information enhancement system.
Secondly, this paper classifies the virtual assembly information into two types: text information and character information. According to the feature of text information, three enhancement methods are proposed: text model, 3D information box and word texture. For the character information, the representation of part features such as the line and plane is proposed and object-oriented technology is used to package the character information, and corresponding enhancement display methods are presented for different character types.
Finally, on the Open Inventor platform, the virtual assembly information database is built with Microsoft Office Access, and the IRVAE is developed with VC++ 6.0. The accuracy and effectiveness of the system is proved with the instance of an assembly.
引文
[1] Jayaram S, et al. VADE: a virtual assembly design environment. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications ,1999 ,19(6):44~50
[2] Jayaram S, Wang Y, Jayaram U. A Virtual Assembly Design Environment. In: Proceeding of IEEE Virtual Reality, Houston, TX, 1999
[3] Bob K A. Synthetic Environment for Assembly Planning and Evaluation. http://www.cs.uiowa.edu /~cremer/.sive-abstracts/kuehne.text
[4] Dewar R G, Carpenter I D, Richter J M, et al. Assembly Planning in a Virtual Environment. In: Proceeding of Portland International Conference on Management and Technology, Portland, 1997
[5]万华根,高曙明,彭群生.VDVAS:一个集成的虚拟设计与虚拟装配系统[J].中国图像图形学报,2002,7(1):27~35
[6] Fan J, Dong J X. KVAS: a knowledge-based virtual assembly system [A]. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics[C], 2001:1041~1046
[7]张林,童秉枢,王春河.一种实用的综合集成DFA系统的研究.清华大学学报,1998,38(11):69~72
[8]张林.并行工程环境下面向装配的产品设计研究[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学精密仪器与机械学系,1998
[9]田丰,程成,陈由迪,等.面向虚拟装配的三维交互平台[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(3):1~6
[10]陈国华,程本松,杨敏.基于CATIA的机械零件虚拟装配方法.机械研究与应用,2006,19(1):113~114
[11]芮执元,郭俊锋,冯瑞成.基于Pro/ENGINEER的虚拟装配过程仿真.甘肃科学学报,2005,17(4):53~56
[12]凌江春,胡庆夕,杨小兵.基于VEGA的虚拟装配研究.制造业信息化,2003(8):47~49
[13]焦学健,季忠.基于VRML的虚拟装配的实现[M] .计算机应用,2001,21(6)
[14] Gudrun Klinker, Oliver Creighton, Allen H. Dutoit. Augmented maintenance of powerplants: a prototyping case study of a mobile AR system, Proceedings of IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality,2001,pp.124~136
[15] Daniel Wagner. First steps towards handheld augmented reality [A]. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Wearable Computers [C], White Plains, NY, USA,2003
[16] Kato H, Billinghurst M, Poupyrev I, et al. Virtual object manipulation of a tabletop AR environment [A].In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Augmented Reality 2000 (ISAR 00)[C],Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2000 :111~119
[17] Feiner S, Macintyer B, Seligmannd. Knowledge-based augmented reality[J]. Communications of the ACM,1993,36(7):52~62
[18] Norman Murray, Terrence Fernando. Development of an Immersive Assembly and Maintenance Environment, Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping(VRAP 2003), Leiria , Portugal, October, 2003
[19] Nicholas Fearing Poly , Display Techniques in Information-Rich Virtual Environments,Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Computer Science,Blacksburg, Virginia,June 2, 2006
[20] Bowman D., North C., Chen J., Polys N., Pyla P., and Yilmaz U. (2003a). Information-Rich Virtual Environments: Theory, Tools, and Research Agenda. Proceedings of ACM Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Osaka, Japan, ACM SIGGRAPH
[21] Polys N., North C., Bowman D., Ray A., Moldenhauer M., Dandekar C. (2004a). Snap Diverse: Coordinating Information Visualizations and Virtual Environments. SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis (VDA), San Jose, CA
[22] Polys N., L. Shupp, et al. (2006). The Effects of Task, Task Mapping, and Layout Space on User Performance in Information-Rich Virtual Environments. Technical Report TR-06-12: http://eprints.cs.vt.edu
[23]刘检华,宁汝新等.CAD系统与虚拟装配系统间的信息集成技术研究.计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(1):44~47
[24]刘江省,姚英学,李建广.CAD系统与虚拟装配系统数据转换的研究.计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(专刊):56~59
[25] Bourjault A, Henrioud J M. LEGA: Computer aided generator of assembly plans[A]. In: Computer Aided Mechanical Assembly Planning[M],Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers,1991: 191~215
[26] Homen de Mello, et al. A correct and Complete Algorithm for the Generation of Mechanical Assembly Sequences [J],IEEE Transaction on Robotics and Automation, 1991,7 (2 ): 228~240
[27] Lee Kunwoo, Gossard David C. A hierarchical data structure for representing assemblies[J] ,Computer Aided Design ,1985 , 17 (1) : 15~19
[28]刘振宇,谭建荣,张树有.面向虚拟装配的产品层次信息表达研究[J] .计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,l3(3):223~228
[29]刘检华,姚琚,宁汝新.面向虚拟装配的产品装配模型研究[J].系统仿真学报,2003,15(增刊):461~463
[30]万华根,高曙明,彭群生. VDVAS :一个集成的虚拟设计与虚拟装配系统[J].中国图像图形学报,2002,7(1):27~35
[31] Stock, Ingo, Michael Weber and Eckhard Steinmeier. Metadata based authoring for technical documentation. Proceedings SigDOC (Design of Communications) Conference, 2005, pp. 60~67
[32]李红.数据库原理与技术.高等教育出版社,2003.2
[33] The Inventor Mentor: Programming Object-Oriented 3D Graphics with Open Inventor, Release 2
[34] The Open Inventor User’s Guide documentation
[35] http://oss.sgi.com/projects/inventor/ (2007)
[36]曹鹏彬,刘继红,管强.虚拟拆卸环境中工具的操作技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003,15(4):454~458
[37] Polys N. F., and Bowman Doug A. (2004b). Desktop Information-Rich Virtual Environments: Challenges and Techniques. Virtual Reality 8(1): 41~54.
[38] Polys N. F., Bowman Doug A., North Chris (2004c). Information-Rich Virtual Environments: Challenges and Outlook. NASA Virtual Iron Bird Workshop, NASA Ames.
[39] Polys N. F., Kim S., Bowman D.A. (2005c). Effects of Information Layout, Screen Size, and Field of View on User Performance in Information-Rich Virtual Environments. Proceedings of ACM Virtual Reality Software and Technology Monterey, CA, ACM SIGGRAPH.
[40] Ware C. Information Visualization: Perception for Design. New York, Morgan Kauffman. 2000
[41] Ware C. Design as Applied Perception. HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks: Towards a Multidisciplinary Science. J. M. Carroll. San Francisco, Morgan-Kaufmann. 2003
[42] M.L. Yuan S.K. Ong and A.Y.C. Nee. Assembly Guidance in Augmented Reality Environments Using a Virtual Interactive Tool, Singapore-MIT Alliance Symposium, 19-20 January 2005, Singapore.
[2] Jayaram S, Wang Y, Jayaram U. A Virtual Assembly Design Environment. In: Proceeding of IEEE Virtual Reality, Houston, TX, 1999
[3] Bob K A. Synthetic Environment for Assembly Planning and Evaluation. http://www.cs.uiowa.edu /~cremer/.sive-abstracts/kuehne.text
[4] Dewar R G, Carpenter I D, Richter J M, et al. Assembly Planning in a Virtual Environment. In: Proceeding of Portland International Conference on Management and Technology, Portland, 1997
[5]万华根,高曙明,彭群生.VDVAS:一个集成的虚拟设计与虚拟装配系统[J].中国图像图形学报,2002,7(1):27~35
[6] Fan J, Dong J X. KVAS: a knowledge-based virtual assembly system [A]. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics[C], 2001:1041~1046
[7]张林,童秉枢,王春河.一种实用的综合集成DFA系统的研究.清华大学学报,1998,38(11):69~72
[8]张林.并行工程环境下面向装配的产品设计研究[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学精密仪器与机械学系,1998
[9]田丰,程成,陈由迪,等.面向虚拟装配的三维交互平台[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(3):1~6
[10]陈国华,程本松,杨敏.基于CATIA的机械零件虚拟装配方法.机械研究与应用,2006,19(1):113~114
[11]芮执元,郭俊锋,冯瑞成.基于Pro/ENGINEER的虚拟装配过程仿真.甘肃科学学报,2005,17(4):53~56
[12]凌江春,胡庆夕,杨小兵.基于VEGA的虚拟装配研究.制造业信息化,2003(8):47~49
[13]焦学健,季忠.基于VRML的虚拟装配的实现[M] .计算机应用,2001,21(6)
[14] Gudrun Klinker, Oliver Creighton, Allen H. Dutoit. Augmented maintenance of powerplants: a prototyping case study of a mobile AR system, Proceedings of IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality,2001,pp.124~136
[15] Daniel Wagner. First steps towards handheld augmented reality [A]. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Wearable Computers [C], White Plains, NY, USA,2003
[16] Kato H, Billinghurst M, Poupyrev I, et al. Virtual object manipulation of a tabletop AR environment [A].In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Augmented Reality 2000 (ISAR 00)[C],Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2000 :111~119
[17] Feiner S, Macintyer B, Seligmannd. Knowledge-based augmented reality[J]. Communications of the ACM,1993,36(7):52~62
[18] Norman Murray, Terrence Fernando. Development of an Immersive Assembly and Maintenance Environment, Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping(VRAP 2003), Leiria , Portugal, October, 2003
[19] Nicholas Fearing Poly , Display Techniques in Information-Rich Virtual Environments,Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Computer Science,Blacksburg, Virginia,June 2, 2006
[20] Bowman D., North C., Chen J., Polys N., Pyla P., and Yilmaz U. (2003a). Information-Rich Virtual Environments: Theory, Tools, and Research Agenda. Proceedings of ACM Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Osaka, Japan, ACM SIGGRAPH
[21] Polys N., North C., Bowman D., Ray A., Moldenhauer M., Dandekar C. (2004a). Snap Diverse: Coordinating Information Visualizations and Virtual Environments. SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis (VDA), San Jose, CA
[22] Polys N., L. Shupp, et al. (2006). The Effects of Task, Task Mapping, and Layout Space on User Performance in Information-Rich Virtual Environments. Technical Report TR-06-12: http://eprints.cs.vt.edu
[23]刘检华,宁汝新等.CAD系统与虚拟装配系统间的信息集成技术研究.计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(1):44~47
[24]刘江省,姚英学,李建广.CAD系统与虚拟装配系统数据转换的研究.计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(专刊):56~59
[25] Bourjault A, Henrioud J M. LEGA: Computer aided generator of assembly plans[A]. In: Computer Aided Mechanical Assembly Planning[M],Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers,1991: 191~215
[26] Homen de Mello, et al. A correct and Complete Algorithm for the Generation of Mechanical Assembly Sequences [J],IEEE Transaction on Robotics and Automation, 1991,7 (2 ): 228~240
[27] Lee Kunwoo, Gossard David C. A hierarchical data structure for representing assemblies[J] ,Computer Aided Design ,1985 , 17 (1) : 15~19
[28]刘振宇,谭建荣,张树有.面向虚拟装配的产品层次信息表达研究[J] .计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,l3(3):223~228
[29]刘检华,姚琚,宁汝新.面向虚拟装配的产品装配模型研究[J].系统仿真学报,2003,15(增刊):461~463
[30]万华根,高曙明,彭群生. VDVAS :一个集成的虚拟设计与虚拟装配系统[J].中国图像图形学报,2002,7(1):27~35
[31] Stock, Ingo, Michael Weber and Eckhard Steinmeier. Metadata based authoring for technical documentation. Proceedings SigDOC (Design of Communications) Conference, 2005, pp. 60~67
[32]李红.数据库原理与技术.高等教育出版社,2003.2
[33] The Inventor Mentor: Programming Object-Oriented 3D Graphics with Open Inventor, Release 2
[34] The Open Inventor User’s Guide documentation
[35] http://oss.sgi.com/projects/inventor/ (2007)
[36]曹鹏彬,刘继红,管强.虚拟拆卸环境中工具的操作技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003,15(4):454~458
[37] Polys N. F., and Bowman Doug A. (2004b). Desktop Information-Rich Virtual Environments: Challenges and Techniques. Virtual Reality 8(1): 41~54.
[38] Polys N. F., Bowman Doug A., North Chris (2004c). Information-Rich Virtual Environments: Challenges and Outlook. NASA Virtual Iron Bird Workshop, NASA Ames.
[39] Polys N. F., Kim S., Bowman D.A. (2005c). Effects of Information Layout, Screen Size, and Field of View on User Performance in Information-Rich Virtual Environments. Proceedings of ACM Virtual Reality Software and Technology Monterey, CA, ACM SIGGRAPH.
[40] Ware C. Information Visualization: Perception for Design. New York, Morgan Kauffman. 2000
[41] Ware C. Design as Applied Perception. HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks: Towards a Multidisciplinary Science. J. M. Carroll. San Francisco, Morgan-Kaufmann. 2003
[42] M.L. Yuan S.K. Ong and A.Y.C. Nee. Assembly Guidance in Augmented Reality Environments Using a Virtual Interactive Tool, Singapore-MIT Alliance Symposium, 19-20 January 2005, Singapore.