公路工程造价评估系统的研究与设计
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摘要
工程造价信息积累是工程造价管理中的一项重要的基础工作。工程造价信息可以从多方面为造价人员和决策者提供十分有价值的决策支持。经过反复筛选、整理和分析获得的造价信息是建设项目技术经济特点的真实反映,也是对不同时期项目建设各个环节技术、经济、管理水平和建设经验教训的集中体现。它们为项目决策提供参考信息,是各阶段造价文件的编制与审核的重要参考资料,为优化设计和限额设计提供比较客观的依据,为建设单位做好项目管理提供借鉴意见,为施工单位投标报价提供参考依据,并可为各级主管部门测算造价指数、编制修订定额提供基础数据。
本文以公路造价管理知识、经济学等理论为基础,针对湖南省交通厅的公路工程造价业务管理进行分析,确立造价评估系统研究的目标。通过系统需求分析,对各阶段的造价信息进行分类,并确定造价评估系统需要处理的原始数据。同时,对系统进行概要设计,确定系统的体系结构与总体模块组成,建立各主要功能业务的流程图。
公路造价评估系统不仅是政府部门宏观上对公路造价进行管理、控制、评价和决策的专家系统,也是针对公路建设业主、设计单位、施工单位、监理单位建立的综合造价管理平台。本文在对系统进行总体设计的基础上,对部分关键模块的功能、实现方式等进行研究。主要包括:反映一定时期内市场价格变化对工程造价影响幅度的工程造价指数;进行工程经济性比较、分析和评价的造价经济技术指标体系;合理确定和有效控制工程造价的造价审查作业;对某个项目的建设从项目建议书估算、可行性研究估算、概算、预算等各阶段从工程量、技术指标进行全面对比分析的纵向分析;以及对同一地区、同一类型的多个建设项目的差异进行管理取费上的横向分析等。
期望通过对系统各业务功能实现的研究和设计,建立全方位的湖南省公路建设造价管理评估系统,完善湖南省的公路造价集成管理和控制平台,以有效控制公路造价,提高管理决策水平。
An important and fundamental job in project cost management is the accumulation of project cost information. Project cost information can provide cost decision-makers with valuable decision-making references in many different ways. Cost information, which is obtained through careful selection, classification and analysis, is a direct reflection of technological and economic characteristics in construction projects. It can also reflect the technological, economic and management levels of construction projects and relevant experiences and lessons at different stages in different times. This kind of information is very important reference for project decision-makers in their work of compiling and auditing cost reports at different stages. It provides road designers with objective references in their work of optimizing and setting quotas on designs. It provides construction units with a reliable basis for reasonable tender and effective management. It can also supply basic data to administrators at different levels in their work of calculating costs and setting quotas.
Based on the theory of economics and the knowledge of cost management in road construction, this paper aims to set a research goal of cost evaluation systems through an analysis of the cost management of road construction under the supervision of the Department of Communications in Hunan Province. Through a systematic analysis of demands, this paper attempts to classify cost information at different stages and deals with the original data in the cost evaluation system. In the meanwhile, the paper offers an outline design to a cost evaluation system, establishes a systematic structure, formulates a composite of modules, and draws a flow chart of the main functions and tasks.
The cost evaluation system of road construction is not only an expert system for government departments to decide, control, evaluate and manage road construction costs but also a comprehensive cost management platform for road-building contractors, road designers, road builders and road project supervisors. Based on the overall design of the system, this paper also researches into the functions and ways of realization of some key modules. These include project cost index which reflects the influences of the price changes on the market in certain period upon road project costs; a technological and economic cost index system based on an economic comparison, analysis and evaluation of projects; a cost auditing operation for reasonable decisions and effective controls of project costs; vertical analyses from project proposal assessment to project feasibility appraisal and from rough estimate to budget submission for a certain project at different stages in the aspects of project workload, technical content and so on; and horizontal analyses of the differences in cost managements of the same type of projects in the same district.
All in all, this study intends to establish a comprehensive road construction cost evaluation and management system and create an integrated road cost management and control platform in Hunan province through the above-mentioned research and design so that road construction costs could be effectively controlled and relevant decision-making and management levels could be raised.
本文以公路造价管理知识、经济学等理论为基础,针对湖南省交通厅的公路工程造价业务管理进行分析,确立造价评估系统研究的目标。通过系统需求分析,对各阶段的造价信息进行分类,并确定造价评估系统需要处理的原始数据。同时,对系统进行概要设计,确定系统的体系结构与总体模块组成,建立各主要功能业务的流程图。
公路造价评估系统不仅是政府部门宏观上对公路造价进行管理、控制、评价和决策的专家系统,也是针对公路建设业主、设计单位、施工单位、监理单位建立的综合造价管理平台。本文在对系统进行总体设计的基础上,对部分关键模块的功能、实现方式等进行研究。主要包括:反映一定时期内市场价格变化对工程造价影响幅度的工程造价指数;进行工程经济性比较、分析和评价的造价经济技术指标体系;合理确定和有效控制工程造价的造价审查作业;对某个项目的建设从项目建议书估算、可行性研究估算、概算、预算等各阶段从工程量、技术指标进行全面对比分析的纵向分析;以及对同一地区、同一类型的多个建设项目的差异进行管理取费上的横向分析等。
期望通过对系统各业务功能实现的研究和设计,建立全方位的湖南省公路建设造价管理评估系统,完善湖南省的公路造价集成管理和控制平台,以有效控制公路造价,提高管理决策水平。
An important and fundamental job in project cost management is the accumulation of project cost information. Project cost information can provide cost decision-makers with valuable decision-making references in many different ways. Cost information, which is obtained through careful selection, classification and analysis, is a direct reflection of technological and economic characteristics in construction projects. It can also reflect the technological, economic and management levels of construction projects and relevant experiences and lessons at different stages in different times. This kind of information is very important reference for project decision-makers in their work of compiling and auditing cost reports at different stages. It provides road designers with objective references in their work of optimizing and setting quotas on designs. It provides construction units with a reliable basis for reasonable tender and effective management. It can also supply basic data to administrators at different levels in their work of calculating costs and setting quotas.
Based on the theory of economics and the knowledge of cost management in road construction, this paper aims to set a research goal of cost evaluation systems through an analysis of the cost management of road construction under the supervision of the Department of Communications in Hunan Province. Through a systematic analysis of demands, this paper attempts to classify cost information at different stages and deals with the original data in the cost evaluation system. In the meanwhile, the paper offers an outline design to a cost evaluation system, establishes a systematic structure, formulates a composite of modules, and draws a flow chart of the main functions and tasks.
The cost evaluation system of road construction is not only an expert system for government departments to decide, control, evaluate and manage road construction costs but also a comprehensive cost management platform for road-building contractors, road designers, road builders and road project supervisors. Based on the overall design of the system, this paper also researches into the functions and ways of realization of some key modules. These include project cost index which reflects the influences of the price changes on the market in certain period upon road project costs; a technological and economic cost index system based on an economic comparison, analysis and evaluation of projects; a cost auditing operation for reasonable decisions and effective controls of project costs; vertical analyses from project proposal assessment to project feasibility appraisal and from rough estimate to budget submission for a certain project at different stages in the aspects of project workload, technical content and so on; and horizontal analyses of the differences in cost managements of the same type of projects in the same district.
All in all, this study intends to establish a comprehensive road construction cost evaluation and management system and create an integrated road cost management and control platform in Hunan province through the above-mentioned research and design so that road construction costs could be effectively controlled and relevant decision-making and management levels could be raised.
引文
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[2]仇垲.公路工程造价的回顾与展望[J].经营管理与论谈. 2004, 6:130-131
[3]杜洪烈.建立新疆公路工程造价数据库工作的探讨[J].新疆交通科技, 2002, 6: 15-16
[4]马召辉.广东省交通建设工程造价管理信息系统的开发[J].广东公路交通, 2003, 2: 23-26
[5]张伟华.国内外公路工程造价管理模式浅析[J].中外公路, 2003, 1:99-101
[6]左莎.公路工程造价资料积累的分析应用[J]. China HarbourEngineering, 2002, 3:56-59
[7]杜洪烈.公路工程造价指数及调价公式的编制[J].西北公路, 1998,4: 53-57
[8]赵小钢.公路建设中工程造价的动态控制[J].西北公路, 2001, 1:54-57
[9]韦艳萍,蒋传辉.建筑工程造价动态管理的研究[J].南方冶金学院学报, 2001, 8(6): 22-31
[10]曼林(美)(著),梁小民(译).经济学原理[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1999
[11]姚沅.介绍公路工程造价资料数据库系统[J].广东公路技术经济信息,1999, 4: 45-50
[12]张勇.公路工程造价数据库的研究与设计[J].中外公路, 2002, 8:5327-38
[13]李文风.公路造价管理系统研究[J].吉林交通科技, 2004, 1:47-49
[14]苏伟.共建公路工程造价信息管理系统的思考[J].中国市政.2004, 5: 54-57
[15]刘秀华,李弘治.华东公路工程造价学会论文集. 2003, 3:64-65
[16]徐大图.工程造价的确定和控制[M].北京:中国计划出版社,1997
[17]王元庆,付建广,周伟.公路工程造价指数的编制方法及其应用[J]. 2004, 9(9): 81-85
[18]谭德精,杜晓玲,吴宁红.工程造价的确定和控制[M].重庆大学出版社, 2001
[19]尹岱林.工程造价管理相关知识[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2001
[20]尹岱林.工程造价的管理和控制[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2001
[21]杨子敏.公路工程造价指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 1999
[22]葛为民.工程造价指数与工程造价动态管理[J].太原工业大学学报, 1997, 28(Sup): 32-37
[23]刘尔成,来珠.工程造价管理信息系统[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1988
[24]王元庆.广东公路建设造价管理模式研究[Z].长安大学, 2002
[25]朱小容,刘燕,胡海鹏.公路工程造价管理信息系统发展研究[J].重庆交通学院学报:社会科学版,2006,6(2):131-134
[26]李冠平,张明.公路工程造价指标探讨[J].湖南交通科技,2007,1:70-72
[27]陈锡璞.工程经济[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[28]公路工程造价编制与项目经济评价.交通部公路工程定额标准,2002
[29]钟孝梅.从调查审查看公路工程项目的造价控制[J].湖南交通科技, 2002, 3: 32-37
[30] Watts S.Humphrey.Managing the Software Process[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2002
[31]张敦.广东省高速公路项目造价现状及对策[J].中外公路, 2004,4: 12-17
[32] Gary B.Shelly, Thomas J.Cashman, Harry J.Rosenblatt著,李芳,朱群雄,陈秩群等译.系统分析与设计教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[33]方少华.业务流程咨询.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[34]刘淑芳.基于ASP.NET的工程造价管理系统设计与实现:[吉林大学硕士学位论文].长春:吉林大学计算机科学与技术学院,2007,25-28;48-49
[35]付建广.交通建设工程造价管理信息系统开发及应用研究:[长安大学硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2003,63-77
[36]费孝通.论西部开发与区域经济[M].北京:群言出版社, 2000
[37]刘再兴.区域经济理论与方法[M].西安:西北工业出版社, 1994,6
[38]谢健,李冠平,张朝晖等.公路工程造价分析模型构建的探索与实践[J].湖南交通科技, 2007, 4: 151-153
[39] Perter Rob,Carlos Coronel.Database System:Design,Implememtation,& Management[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[40]白尚旺. PowerDesigner软件分析设计技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[41] T Rapcsak, Z Sagi, T Toth, L Ketszeri. Evaluation of Tenders in Information Technology. Decision Support Systems. 2000, 30:1-11.
[42] Jeff Downey. Web Server Data Connections. PC Magazine, 1998,17(9):231-278
[43] Chris Loosley. Designing Distributed Applications. PC Magazine,1998, 17(1): 23-28
[44] Jim Buyens. Step by Step Web Database Development. Prentice Hall, 2001: 258- 296
[45] CCTA. BPR in the Public Sector: An Overview of Business Process Reengineering [M]. London ITMSC. 1994.
[46] Russell M Linden,无缝隙政府:公共部门再造指南[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002
[47]李靖华.政府电子服务流程再造研究综述[M].科技管理研究. 2004,03.
[48]王玉荣.流程管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[49]甘华鸣.业务流程=Business process [M].北京:中国国际广播出版社,2002.
[50]石惠波.如何进行流程设计与再造[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004
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