湖南省吉首市水资源生态安全研究
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摘要
本文对吉首市水资源生态安全状况进行了分析评价。建立了吉首市水资源生态安全评价的指标体系;提出了一套进行水资源生态安全评价的数学模型;开发了一套用于水资源生态安全评价的软件,应用该软件对吉首市水资源生态安全进行了评价,针对评价结果,提出了具体的整改措施。本文的主要工作如下:
1、从水资源生态安全的视角,对吉首市水资源的构成、分布及需求状况进行较系统的实地调查和分析。
2、根据吉首市水资源生态安全的实际情况,构建了吉首市水资源生态安全评价的指标体系。基于P-S-R概念框架,按照层次分析的方法,根据评价对象各组成部分之间的相互关系,构筑多层次评价指标体系,将水资源生态安全评价指标体系归纳为目标层、制约层、要素层和指标层。
3、推导水资源生态安全评价的数学模型,研制了用于水资源生态安全评价的软件。分别建立了计算指标体系各个指标的指标权重、指标生态安全指数和限制性因子计算的数学模型,为吉首市水资源生态安全状况的分析评价以及整改措施的提出提供了理论依据。
4、对吉首市水资源生态安全状况进行评价,分析了各指标对水资源生态安全的影响,并提出相应的水资源生态安全整改措施。
本文的研究内容对于吉首市水资源生态安全对策的制定具有一定参考价值。同时,对于吉首市水资源生态安全状况及其评价时指标体系的建立,有待进一步深入研究。
The ecological security of water resources status of Jishou is analyzed in this paper. The indicators system for water resources ecological security evaluation of Jishou is established. The math model to evaluate the ecological security of water resources is put forward. A software for evaluating the ecological security of water resources in Jishou is developed, and the measurements coresponding to the evaluation result is given. The main contents of this paper are put forward as follows:
1. Viewing from the ecological security of water resources, the status of water resources composing, distributing and demanding in Jishou is surveyed and analyzed in detail.
2. Based on the actual situation of water resources ecological security of Jishou, the ecological security evaluation indicators system of water resources of Jishou is established. According to Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method, and based on the evaluation target segmental correlation, the compound evaluation indicators system is constructed undering the concept model of "Pressures-States-Responses (P-S-R)". And the water resources evaluation indicators system of ecological security is reduced to aim layer, restrict layer, basic layer and index layer.
3. The math model and software for water ecological security evaluation is developed. Establishing every indicator difference indicator weighting, indicator ecological security index and limit gene computational math model of accounting indicator system , which is for bringing forward analysis and changing measure offered theory gist of water resources ecological security status of Jishou.
4. The status of water resources ecological security of Jishou is evaluated, and the impacts of indicators to water resources ecological security is analyzed, and the corresponding measures of water resources ecological security are put forward at last.
The content of this paper has reference value in establishing countermeasure for water resources ecological security of Jishou city in a certain extent. At the same time, the security satus of water resources ecological of Jishou city and its evaluation indicators need to be researched in a further step.
1、从水资源生态安全的视角,对吉首市水资源的构成、分布及需求状况进行较系统的实地调查和分析。
2、根据吉首市水资源生态安全的实际情况,构建了吉首市水资源生态安全评价的指标体系。基于P-S-R概念框架,按照层次分析的方法,根据评价对象各组成部分之间的相互关系,构筑多层次评价指标体系,将水资源生态安全评价指标体系归纳为目标层、制约层、要素层和指标层。
3、推导水资源生态安全评价的数学模型,研制了用于水资源生态安全评价的软件。分别建立了计算指标体系各个指标的指标权重、指标生态安全指数和限制性因子计算的数学模型,为吉首市水资源生态安全状况的分析评价以及整改措施的提出提供了理论依据。
4、对吉首市水资源生态安全状况进行评价,分析了各指标对水资源生态安全的影响,并提出相应的水资源生态安全整改措施。
本文的研究内容对于吉首市水资源生态安全对策的制定具有一定参考价值。同时,对于吉首市水资源生态安全状况及其评价时指标体系的建立,有待进一步深入研究。
The ecological security of water resources status of Jishou is analyzed in this paper. The indicators system for water resources ecological security evaluation of Jishou is established. The math model to evaluate the ecological security of water resources is put forward. A software for evaluating the ecological security of water resources in Jishou is developed, and the measurements coresponding to the evaluation result is given. The main contents of this paper are put forward as follows:
1. Viewing from the ecological security of water resources, the status of water resources composing, distributing and demanding in Jishou is surveyed and analyzed in detail.
2. Based on the actual situation of water resources ecological security of Jishou, the ecological security evaluation indicators system of water resources of Jishou is established. According to Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method, and based on the evaluation target segmental correlation, the compound evaluation indicators system is constructed undering the concept model of "Pressures-States-Responses (P-S-R)". And the water resources evaluation indicators system of ecological security is reduced to aim layer, restrict layer, basic layer and index layer.
3. The math model and software for water ecological security evaluation is developed. Establishing every indicator difference indicator weighting, indicator ecological security index and limit gene computational math model of accounting indicator system , which is for bringing forward analysis and changing measure offered theory gist of water resources ecological security status of Jishou.
4. The status of water resources ecological security of Jishou is evaluated, and the impacts of indicators to water resources ecological security is analyzed, and the corresponding measures of water resources ecological security are put forward at last.
The content of this paper has reference value in establishing countermeasure for water resources ecological security of Jishou city in a certain extent. At the same time, the security satus of water resources ecological of Jishou city and its evaluation indicators need to be researched in a further step.
引文
[1]郭梅,许振成,彭晓春.水资源安全问题研究综述[J].水资源保护,2007,23(3):40-43.
[2]World Commission on Environment and Development(WDED).Our common future[M].Oxford University Press:New York,1987.
[3]方创琳,张小雷.干早区生态重建与经济可持续发展的研究进展[J].生态学报,21(7):1163-1170.
[4]陈德敏,乔兴旺.中国水资源安全法律保障初步研究[J].现代法学,2003,25(5):118-121.
[5]赵军凯,赵秉栋,冷传明.中国水资源安全与可持续利用[J].南阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,2004,3(3):67-70.
[6]卢敏,张洪海,宋天文,邱艳梅.区域水安全研究理论及方法探析[J].人民黄河,2005,27(10):6-8.
[7]王渺琳,刘春德,易瑜.岷江流域水资源安全问题[EB/OL],2004.
[8]Brown L.R,Hahwei B.China's water shortage could shake world food security[J].World Watch.1998.11(4).
[9]Mark Rosegrant,Ruthmeinzed Dick.Water resources in the Africa Pacific Region[J].Asian Pacific Economic Literatures,1996,(9).
[10]郑通权.论水资源安全与水资源安全预警[J].中国水利,2003,(6):19-22.
[11]贾绍凤,张军岩,张士锋.区域水资源压力指数与水资源安全评价指标体系[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(6):538-545.
[12]焦士兴,李俊民.中国水资源安全的现状分析与对策研究[J].新乡师范高等专科学校学报,2003,17(2):26-28.
[13]王铮,郑一萍,冯皓洁.水资源供需平衡的安全分析[J].安全与环境学报,2002,2(5):13-18.
[14]张巧显,欧阳志云,王如松.中国水安全系统模拟及对策比较研究[J].水科学进展,2002,13(5):569-577.
[15]夏军.水资源安全的度量:水资源承载力的研究与挑战[J].海河水利,2002,(2):5-7.
[16]吉首市志,1996.
[17]吉首年鉴,2003.
[18]农业区划,2003.
[19]浦杰.海南省南渡江流域生态安全评价[D].中山大学硕士论文,2006.
[20]唐承佳.枣庄市水环境生态安全评价[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(6):309-312.
[21]何焰,由文辉,吴健.上海市水环境生态安全评价[J].水资源保护,2006,22(6):18-27.
[22]刘巧玲.谭江流域生态安全评价初探[D].中山大学硕士论文,2005.
[23]胡学峰.天津市水环境生态安全评价与预警研究[D].天津师范大学硕士论文,2006.
[24]李继清,张玉山,李安强,纪昌明.水资源系统研究现状及发展趋势[J].中国水利,2007,5:11-13.
[25]FALKEMARKM.The massive water scarcity now threatening africa why isn't it being addressed[J].Ambio,1989,18(2):112-118.
[26]POSTEL S.Last oasis:facing water scarcity[M].The World watch Environmental AlertSeries,NewYork:W.W.Norton&Co.1992.
[27]方红远.区域水资源安全概念浅析[J].人民长江,2007,38(6):29-32.
[28]王顺久,李跃清,丁晶.基于指标体系的水安全评价方法研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2007,(2):116-119.
[29]夏军,朱一中.水资源安全的度量:水资源承载力的研究与挑战[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(3):263-269.
[30]陈家琦,王浩.水资源学概论[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.
[31]姜文来.中国21世纪水资源安全对策研究[J].水科学进展,2001,12(1):66-71.
[32]刘洋,李崇光.中国未来水资源安全的思考[J].生态经济,2000,(4):1-4.
[33]王鹤鸣,李明良,王玉民.基于水资源可持续利用的区域需水预测分析[J].海河水利,2007,3:9-11.
[34]冯端,冯步云.熵[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[35]马菊红.应用熵值法对工业经济效益综合评价的研究[J].商业研究,2006,(20):64-66.
[36]任伯帜,邓仁建.流域水资源安全性及其保障措施[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,17(4):5-10.
[37]任伯帜,聂小保.城镇供水水质安全性及其保障措施[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(6):9-12
[38]李泽红,汤尚颖,许志国.水资源安全的内涵及其评价--以湖北省为例[J].安全与环境工程,2005,12(4):38-1.
[39]方红松,刘云旭.关于中国的水安全问题及其对策探讨[J].中国安全科学学报,2002,12(1):38-41.
[40]郭安军,屠梅曾,王为人.地下水可持续开采策略研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2004,38(3):474-477.
[41]许立宏,李天跃.对宁夏退耕还林后续政策的思考[J].宁夏农林科技,2007,(3):49-50.
[42]邹胜章,朱明秋,唐建生,夏日元.西南岩溶区水资源安全与对策[J].地质学报,2006,8(10):1637-1641.
[43]王岩,刘若琼.论董志塬地下水资源及其可持续利用[J].水资源保护,2005,21(1):64-66.
[2]World Commission on Environment and Development(WDED).Our common future[M].Oxford University Press:New York,1987.
[3]方创琳,张小雷.干早区生态重建与经济可持续发展的研究进展[J].生态学报,21(7):1163-1170.
[4]陈德敏,乔兴旺.中国水资源安全法律保障初步研究[J].现代法学,2003,25(5):118-121.
[5]赵军凯,赵秉栋,冷传明.中国水资源安全与可持续利用[J].南阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,2004,3(3):67-70.
[6]卢敏,张洪海,宋天文,邱艳梅.区域水安全研究理论及方法探析[J].人民黄河,2005,27(10):6-8.
[7]王渺琳,刘春德,易瑜.岷江流域水资源安全问题[EB/OL],2004.
[8]Brown L.R,Hahwei B.China's water shortage could shake world food security[J].World Watch.1998.11(4).
[9]Mark Rosegrant,Ruthmeinzed Dick.Water resources in the Africa Pacific Region[J].Asian Pacific Economic Literatures,1996,(9).
[10]郑通权.论水资源安全与水资源安全预警[J].中国水利,2003,(6):19-22.
[11]贾绍凤,张军岩,张士锋.区域水资源压力指数与水资源安全评价指标体系[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(6):538-545.
[12]焦士兴,李俊民.中国水资源安全的现状分析与对策研究[J].新乡师范高等专科学校学报,2003,17(2):26-28.
[13]王铮,郑一萍,冯皓洁.水资源供需平衡的安全分析[J].安全与环境学报,2002,2(5):13-18.
[14]张巧显,欧阳志云,王如松.中国水安全系统模拟及对策比较研究[J].水科学进展,2002,13(5):569-577.
[15]夏军.水资源安全的度量:水资源承载力的研究与挑战[J].海河水利,2002,(2):5-7.
[16]吉首市志,1996.
[17]吉首年鉴,2003.
[18]农业区划,2003.
[19]浦杰.海南省南渡江流域生态安全评价[D].中山大学硕士论文,2006.
[20]唐承佳.枣庄市水环境生态安全评价[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(6):309-312.
[21]何焰,由文辉,吴健.上海市水环境生态安全评价[J].水资源保护,2006,22(6):18-27.
[22]刘巧玲.谭江流域生态安全评价初探[D].中山大学硕士论文,2005.
[23]胡学峰.天津市水环境生态安全评价与预警研究[D].天津师范大学硕士论文,2006.
[24]李继清,张玉山,李安强,纪昌明.水资源系统研究现状及发展趋势[J].中国水利,2007,5:11-13.
[25]FALKEMARKM.The massive water scarcity now threatening africa why isn't it being addressed[J].Ambio,1989,18(2):112-118.
[26]POSTEL S.Last oasis:facing water scarcity[M].The World watch Environmental AlertSeries,NewYork:W.W.Norton&Co.1992.
[27]方红远.区域水资源安全概念浅析[J].人民长江,2007,38(6):29-32.
[28]王顺久,李跃清,丁晶.基于指标体系的水安全评价方法研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2007,(2):116-119.
[29]夏军,朱一中.水资源安全的度量:水资源承载力的研究与挑战[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(3):263-269.
[30]陈家琦,王浩.水资源学概论[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.
[31]姜文来.中国21世纪水资源安全对策研究[J].水科学进展,2001,12(1):66-71.
[32]刘洋,李崇光.中国未来水资源安全的思考[J].生态经济,2000,(4):1-4.
[33]王鹤鸣,李明良,王玉民.基于水资源可持续利用的区域需水预测分析[J].海河水利,2007,3:9-11.
[34]冯端,冯步云.熵[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[35]马菊红.应用熵值法对工业经济效益综合评价的研究[J].商业研究,2006,(20):64-66.
[36]任伯帜,邓仁建.流域水资源安全性及其保障措施[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,17(4):5-10.
[37]任伯帜,聂小保.城镇供水水质安全性及其保障措施[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(6):9-12
[38]李泽红,汤尚颖,许志国.水资源安全的内涵及其评价--以湖北省为例[J].安全与环境工程,2005,12(4):38-1.
[39]方红松,刘云旭.关于中国的水安全问题及其对策探讨[J].中国安全科学学报,2002,12(1):38-41.
[40]郭安军,屠梅曾,王为人.地下水可持续开采策略研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2004,38(3):474-477.
[41]许立宏,李天跃.对宁夏退耕还林后续政策的思考[J].宁夏农林科技,2007,(3):49-50.
[42]邹胜章,朱明秋,唐建生,夏日元.西南岩溶区水资源安全与对策[J].地质学报,2006,8(10):1637-1641.
[43]王岩,刘若琼.论董志塬地下水资源及其可持续利用[J].水资源保护,2005,21(1):64-66.