化学镀Ni-P及Ni-P-PTFE耐海水腐蚀性能研究
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摘要
化学镀Ni-P镀层因其具有良好的耐蚀性、耐磨性而广泛应用于化工、机械、电子等行业。为了进一步拓展化学镀镍层的应用范围,在化学镀镍溶液中掺杂入第三种粒子可以获得性能更优异的镀层。PTFE粒子具有极强的化学惰性、优异的不粘性和极低的表面能,将PTFE粒子掺杂入Ni-P镀层中可以结合PTFE粒子和Ni-P镀层的优点。我们用化学镀的方法在碳钢表面制备了Ni-P及不同PTFE粒子含量的Ni-P-PTFE镀层。本文通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察了镀层的表面形貌、分析了镀层中各元素含量及镀层物相组成；通过测量Ni-P及Ni-P-PTFE镀层在天然海水和灭菌海水中的电化学阻抗(EIS),研究了Ni-P及Ni-P-PTFE镀层在天然海水和灭菌海水中的耐腐蚀性能。实验结果表明：相比于Ni-P-PTFE镀层,Ni-P镀层表面致密度较高；对于Ni-P-PTFE镀层,随着镀液中PTFE粒子含量增多所制得的Ni-P-PTFE镀层中PTFE粒子含量也逐渐增多；未经热处理的Ni-P及Ni-P-PTFE镀层均是非晶镀层；EIS分析结果表明,Ni-P及Ni-P-PTFE镀层在灭菌海水中的阻抗值都要高于其在天然海水中的阻抗值,对于Ni-P-PTFE镀层随着PTFE粒子含量增多,耐腐蚀性能逐渐降低。
Electroless deposited nickel-phosphorus coatings have been widely applied in many industries, such as chemical engineering, mechanical and electronic engineering, etc. due to their good anti-corrosion properties and wear resistance. In order to develop applied range of the coatings, some other particles were mixed in the plating bath to obtain composite coatings with more outstanding capability. Polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) is chemically very inert. PTFE also has non-stick property due to its low surface energy. The incorporation of PTFE nanoparticles into the Ni-P matrix can take advantage of the different properties of Ni-P alloy and PTFE. The Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE coatings with different PTFE particiles concentration were electroless prepared on carbon steel in this study. The micromorphology, element composition and distribution, and phase composition of the coaings were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion resistance of the Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE coatings in natural seawater and steriled seawater were researched by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the Ni-P palting was quite dense. For the Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings, the PTFE content in the coatings increased with increasing PTFE concentration in the solution. The electroless deposited Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE coatings were in an amorphous state. The corrosion resistances of the Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE platings were better in steriled seawater than in natural seawater. With the PTFE concentration increasing in Ni-P-PTFE coatings, the corrosion resistance turned worse.
Electroless deposited nickel-phosphorus coatings have been widely applied in many industries, such as chemical engineering, mechanical and electronic engineering, etc. due to their good anti-corrosion properties and wear resistance. In order to develop applied range of the coatings, some other particles were mixed in the plating bath to obtain composite coatings with more outstanding capability. Polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) is chemically very inert. PTFE also has non-stick property due to its low surface energy. The incorporation of PTFE nanoparticles into the Ni-P matrix can take advantage of the different properties of Ni-P alloy and PTFE. The Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE coatings with different PTFE particiles concentration were electroless prepared on carbon steel in this study. The micromorphology, element composition and distribution, and phase composition of the coaings were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion resistance of the Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE coatings in natural seawater and steriled seawater were researched by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the Ni-P palting was quite dense. For the Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings, the PTFE content in the coatings increased with increasing PTFE concentration in the solution. The electroless deposited Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE coatings were in an amorphous state. The corrosion resistances of the Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE platings were better in steriled seawater than in natural seawater. With the PTFE concentration increasing in Ni-P-PTFE coatings, the corrosion resistance turned worse.
引文
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[2]Little B. Ray R.A perspective on corrosion inhibition by biofilms [J]. Cormsion,2002,5: 424～428
[3]Omek D, Wood TK, Hsu CH. Sun Z, Mansfeld F.Pitting corrosion control of aluminum 2024 using Protective biofilms that seerete corrosion inhibitors[J]. Corrosion,2002,58:761～767
[4]P. Bolger, D. Szlag, Investigation into the Rejuvenation of Spent Electroless Nickel Baths by Electrodialysis. Environ.Sci. Technol.2002,36(10):2273～2278
[5]P. Peeters, G.v.d. Hoorn, T. Daenen et al. Properties of Electroless and Electroplated Ni-P and Its Application in Microgalvanics. Electrochim. Acta,2001,479:161～169
[6]Eberhard V K. SiC:diamant-and PTFE-dispersions schichten in chemisch abgeschiedener nickelmatr [J]. Galvanotehnik,1991.82:3400
[7]Xinmin H. Zongang D. The wear characteristics of Ni-P-SiC composite coatings[J]. Trans IMF,1992,70(2):84
[8]钟花香,黄国保。Ni-P-Al2O3化学复合镀层的组织结构分析[J]。表面技术,1994,23(4)：184
[9]Ebdon P R. Composite coatings with lubricating properties [J]. Trans IMF,1987,65:80
[10]Ronald N. Hardness and wear resistance of electroless nickel-teflon composite coatings [J]. Metal Finishing,1989,9:23
[11]Masayoshi N, Osamu T. Friction and wear characteristics of electroless Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings[J]. Plating and Surface Finishing,1994,1:48
[12]Izzard M,Dennis J K. Deposition and properties of electroless nickel/graphite coatings [J]. Trans IMF,1987,65:85
[13]于光。化学镀(Ni-P)-MoS2复合镀层的工艺及镀层性能[J]。表面技术,1996,25(4)：12
[14]A.Malecki, A.Micek-Ilnicka. Electroless Nickel Plating from Acid Bath. Surf. Coat. Tech. 2000,123(1):72-77
[15]Lukes, D. Schneider, G Gotsmann, etal.U.S.Patent No.4,212,709(1997)
[16]李宁,袁国伟,黎德育。化学镀镍基合金理论与技术。哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000：11-13
[17]H.Matsubara, T.Yonekawa, Y.Ishinoetal.Observation of Initial Deposition Process of Electroless Nickel Plating by Quartz Cyrstal Microbalance Methodand Microscopy.Electrochim.Acta.2002,47(12):4011～4018
[18]M.Paunovic.I.Ohno. Electroless Deposition of Metals and Alloys,Vol.88～12, ECS, Pennington, NJ,1988:3～5
[19]Y-s.Kim, H-J.Sohn.Mathematical Modeling of Electroless Nickel Deposition at Steady State Using Rotating Disk Electrode.J.Electrochem.Soc.1996,143(2):505～509
[20]I.Apachitei, J.Duszczyk.Hydrogen Evolution Incorporation and Removal in Electroless Nickel Composite Coatings on Aluminium.J.APPI.Electrochem.1999,29(7):835～841
[21]Allen Bai, Po-Yao Chuang. The corrosion behavior of Ni-P deposits with high phosphorous contents in brine media[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics,2003,82:93-100
[22]Maura Crobu, Andrea Scorciapino. The corrosion resistance of electroless deposited nano-crystalline Ni-P alloys[J]. Electrochimica Acta,2008.53:3364-3370
[23]Changdong Gu, Jianshe Lian. High corrosion-resistant Ni-P/Ni/Ni-P multilayer coatings on steel[J]. Surface & Coatings Technology.2005,197:61-67
[24]Abdel Salam Hamdy, M.A. Shoeib. Corrosion behavior of electroless Ni-P alloy coatings containing tungsten or nano-scattered alumina composite in 3.5% NaCl solution[J]. Surface & Coatings Technology,2007,202:162-171
[25]Q. Zhao, Y. Liu. Investigation of graded Ni-Cu-P-PTFE composite coatings with antiscaling properties[J]. Applied Surface Science,2004,229:56-62
[26]S S Tulsi.Composite PTFE-Nickel Coatings for Low FrictionApplication [J].Materials and Design,1984,4(12):919～923
[27]P R Ebdon.Composite Coatings with Lubricating Properties[J] TransIMF,1987.65(5):80～82
[28]Ming Der Ger,Bing Joe H wang,et al.Effects of Surfactants on Codeposition of PTFE Particles with Electroless Ni-P Coating[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2001,76(5):38-45
[29]雷晓蓉,黎永钧,等。化学复合镀Ni-P-PTFE共沉积机理研究[J]。西安交通大学学报,1997,31(3)：53-58
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[31]李宁,袁国伟,黎德育,等。化学镀镍基合金理论与技术[M]。哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000,138-139
[32]闫洪。现代化学镀镍和复合镀新技术[M]。国防工业出版社,1999,178-180
[33]Nishira.K Yamagishi,et al. Uniform Dispersibility of PTFE Particles in Electroless Composite Plating[J]. Tran IMF,1996,74(2):62-64
[34]H Matsuda,M Nishira,et al. Effect of Surfactants Addition on the Suspension of PTFE Particles in Electroless Plating Solutions[J]. Tran IMF,1995,73(1):55～57
[35]H Matsuda, Y Kiyono, et al. Effect of Cationic Surfactant on Depositon Behaviour in Electroless Ni-P-PTFE Composite Plating[J]. Tran IMF,1994,72(2):16～18
[36]X Hu, C Dai, et al. Zeta Potential and Codeposition of PTFEParticles Suspended in Electroless Nickel Solution[J]. Plating and Surface Finishing,1997,84(3):40～42
[37]Lai-Gui Yu, Xu Shou Zhang, et al. The Friction and Wear Properties of Electroless Ni-Polytetrafluoroethylene Composite Coating[J]. The Solid Film,1993.245(11):98～ 103
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[39]Y Z Zhang,Y Y Wu, et al. Characterization of Electroless Ni-P-PTFE Composite Deposits[J]. Journal of Materials Science Letters,1998,17(2):119～122.
[40]Ming Der Ger, K H Hou, et al. The Friction and Wear of Ni-P-PTFE Composite Deposits and Water Lubrication[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics,2002,77(3):755～764
[41]黎永钧,雷晓蓉,等。化学镀Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层工艺研究[J]。功能材料,1998,29(2)：208-211.
[42]张秋道,张丽娟.等.化学复合镀Ni-P-PTFE镀层耐蚀性研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报.2000.32(2)：111-113.
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[46]高红霞,王志新.等.塑料模具化学复合镀工艺研究[J].郑州轻工业学院学报,2001,16(1)：10-13.
[47]Karl2Heinz Pietsch.Dispersion Coating with PTFE[J].Products Finishing,1999,63(2):34～39.
[48]Y S Huang,X T Zeng,et al.Development of Electroless Ni-P-PTFE-SiC Composite Coating[J].Surface and Coating Technology,2003,167(9):207～211.
[49]S.S. Tulsi, Finishing 7(11) (1983) 14.
[50]R.E. Baier. V.A. DePalma, Management of Occlusive Arterial Disease, Yearbook Medical, Chicago,1971, p.147.
[51]J. McGuire, K.R. Swartzel. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, National Meeting (1987), p.31.
[52]Q. Zhao, Y. Liu et al. Graded Ni-P-PTFE coatings and their potential applications, Surface and Coatings Technology 155 (2002) 279-284
[53]Q. Zhao. Effect of surface free energy of graded NI-P-PTFE coatings on bacterial adhesion. Surface & Coatings Technology 185 (2004) 199-204
[54]Q. Zhao, Y. Liu. Modification of stainless steel surfaces by electroless Ni-P and small amount of PTFE to minimize bacterial adhesion, Journal of Food Engineering 72 (2006) 266-272
[55]M. Shoeib, Corros. Prevent. Control 49 (4) (2002) 141.
[56]T. Ibe, Y. Matsumura, T. Ueno, H. Kiyokawa, S. Yonezawa, M. Takashima, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 7(2001)387.
[57]姜晓霞,沈伟.化学镀理论及实践.北京.国防工业出版社[M].2000,1(6)：86-87
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