二滩物资高层信息系统的设计和实现
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摘要
随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,企业高层主管更加需要及时了解企业各个环节的运行情况并做出相应的分析决策,企业的运行会产生大量的数据,MIS(信息管理系统)和DSS(决策支持系统)很难满足高层管理者的信息需求,如何从这些海量数据中抽取、集成数据信息成为高层主管面临的重要难题。
EIS(高层信息系统)是面向高层主管并为其提供信息支持的一种计算机信息系统。二滩物资高层信息系统的开发正是以满足高层主管的信息需求为目的,支持高层主管对物资的供应状态进行查询和监控、对出现的问题进行分析跟踪,并提供决策时的信息支持功能。
论文以二滩公司物资管理为背景,针对物资部信息系统都是面对具体的业务过程,对公司高层的帮助甚少的缺陷,设计开发了二滩物资高层信息系统。论文归纳总结了用于实际系统调研的主要方法。在对二滩物资部进行调研的基础上,分析了二滩物资管理业务流程和物资部主管的工作特征,提出和运用了一种新的信息需求分析方法即综合型需求分析方法,给出了系统的需求分析概要。论文还讨论了二滩物资高层信息系统的功能模块设计、数据库设计以及功能、界面及运行设计等内容。最后,阐述了系统的开发策略,并且应用了网络的三层结构模式和程序的三层架构,结合实际系统总结归纳了系统的信息组织和表达,对系统常用的关键技术进行了介绍和分析。
系统于2009年1月完成开发,现已正式投入运行,从运行效果来看,有效地支持了物资部高层主管的工作。
With the increasingly fierce market competition, company executives need to keep abreast of every aspects of business operation and make corresponding analysis and decisions. Because enterprise operation will generate massive data, MIS(Management Information System) and DSS(Decision Support System) can hardly meet senior mangers’information requirement. Extracting and integrating useful information from massive data become senior managers’big challenge.
EIS(Executive Information System) is a senior manager oriented computer information system and is designed to provide information supporting. The goal of developing Ertan material Executive Information System is to meet the information demand of company executives and provide information supporting for decision-making process. And senior executives can inquiry and supervise the supplying state of materials in the system, they can also track down and analyze problems which are emerged in the process.
This thesis discussed the design and development of Ertan material Executive Information System with the background of Ertan material assets management because the information system of Material Department developed before is specific business process oriented and can’t meet the demand of senior managers. In this thesis, primary means of actual system research are summarized. This thesis analyzed business process of Ertan materials management and the executive working characteristics of Material Department, put forward and applied a new information requirement analysis method which is called comprehensive requirement analysis method, and also gave the outline of system requirement analysis. This thesis has also discussed the design of module, database, function user interface and operation of Ertan Material Information System. In the end, development strategy was also elaborated. The network structure used in the implementation of the system is three-tier structure and the architecture used in the whole software system is three-tier architecture. And organization and expression of information was concluded and some key technologies in system implementation were introduced.
The system was completed and tested in January 2009, and has been formally put into operation. It turned out that the system can support the work of executives of material Department effectively.
EIS(高层信息系统)是面向高层主管并为其提供信息支持的一种计算机信息系统。二滩物资高层信息系统的开发正是以满足高层主管的信息需求为目的,支持高层主管对物资的供应状态进行查询和监控、对出现的问题进行分析跟踪,并提供决策时的信息支持功能。
论文以二滩公司物资管理为背景,针对物资部信息系统都是面对具体的业务过程,对公司高层的帮助甚少的缺陷,设计开发了二滩物资高层信息系统。论文归纳总结了用于实际系统调研的主要方法。在对二滩物资部进行调研的基础上,分析了二滩物资管理业务流程和物资部主管的工作特征,提出和运用了一种新的信息需求分析方法即综合型需求分析方法,给出了系统的需求分析概要。论文还讨论了二滩物资高层信息系统的功能模块设计、数据库设计以及功能、界面及运行设计等内容。最后,阐述了系统的开发策略,并且应用了网络的三层结构模式和程序的三层架构,结合实际系统总结归纳了系统的信息组织和表达,对系统常用的关键技术进行了介绍和分析。
系统于2009年1月完成开发,现已正式投入运行,从运行效果来看,有效地支持了物资部高层主管的工作。
With the increasingly fierce market competition, company executives need to keep abreast of every aspects of business operation and make corresponding analysis and decisions. Because enterprise operation will generate massive data, MIS(Management Information System) and DSS(Decision Support System) can hardly meet senior mangers’information requirement. Extracting and integrating useful information from massive data become senior managers’big challenge.
EIS(Executive Information System) is a senior manager oriented computer information system and is designed to provide information supporting. The goal of developing Ertan material Executive Information System is to meet the information demand of company executives and provide information supporting for decision-making process. And senior executives can inquiry and supervise the supplying state of materials in the system, they can also track down and analyze problems which are emerged in the process.
This thesis discussed the design and development of Ertan material Executive Information System with the background of Ertan material assets management because the information system of Material Department developed before is specific business process oriented and can’t meet the demand of senior managers. In this thesis, primary means of actual system research are summarized. This thesis analyzed business process of Ertan materials management and the executive working characteristics of Material Department, put forward and applied a new information requirement analysis method which is called comprehensive requirement analysis method, and also gave the outline of system requirement analysis. This thesis has also discussed the design of module, database, function user interface and operation of Ertan Material Information System. In the end, development strategy was also elaborated. The network structure used in the implementation of the system is three-tier structure and the architecture used in the whole software system is three-tier architecture. And organization and expression of information was concluded and some key technologies in system implementation were introduced.
The system was completed and tested in January 2009, and has been formally put into operation. It turned out that the system can support the work of executives of material Department effectively.
引文
[1] Watson H. J., Rainer R. K., Koh C. E. Executive Information Systems: A Framework for Development and a Survey of Current Practices. MIS Quarterly, 1991, 15(1): 13-32
[2]朱斌,李东. EIS的研究和实践:现状及问题.计算机系统应用, 2002, 19(2): 3-5
[3] Sprague R. H. Jr., Watson H. J. Decision Support Systems, Putting Theory into Practice. Third Edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1993
[4]王红卫,陈学广,陈仁国等. EIS的一个实例:三峡建行行长综合查询系统.决策与决策支持系统, 1996, 6(4): 15-20
[5]王锁柱,李怀祖. EIS在高层管理中的作用探讨.系统工程, 1999, 17(1): 31-34, 5
[6]王锁柱,李怀祖.高层管理信息系统(EIS)研究.情报科学, 1999, 17(3): 228-231
[7] Thierauf R. J. Executive Information Systems: A Guide for Senior Management and MIS Professionals. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1991
[8]陈学广,朱明富,费奇.高层管理信息系统(ElS)及其开发策略的研究.系统工程理论与实践, 1997, 17(1): 8-13
[9]金蝶,张翔,邓筱鹏等.工程项目主管EIS的研究与实践.科技与管理, 2005, 7(1): 75-78
[10] Sprague R. H. Jr., Carlson E. D. Building Effective Decision Support Systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982
[11] Er M. C. Decision Support Systems: A Summary, Problems, and Future Trends. Decision Support Systems, 1988, 4(3): 355-363
[12] Hogue J. T. A Framework for the Examination of Management Information in Decision Support Systems. Management Information Systems, 1987, 1(4): 96-110
[13]蔡雨阳,黄岩. MIS、DSS和EIS的数据集成.管理工程学报, 2001, 15(4): 66-67
[14] Friend D. Benefits of an Executive Information System. Information ManagementReview, 1991, 4(3): 7-15
[15]李晓瑞. EIS在高校高层管理中的应用.广西民族学院学报:自然科学版, 2001, 7( 4 ): 291-293
[16]吴培涛,崔俊凯. EIS在制造类企业中的应用分析.北京机械工业学院学报, 2003, 18(4): 52-55
[17] Rockart J. F., Treacy M. E. The CEO Goes On-line. Harvard Business Review, 1982, 60(1): 82-88
[18] Rockart J. F. Chief Executives Define Their Own Data Needs. Harvard Business Review, 1979, 57(2) : 81-93
[19] Mintzberg H. The Nature of Managerial Work. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall ,1980
[20] Rainer R. K., Watson H. J. The Key to Executive Information System Success. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1995, 12(2): 83-89
[21] Watson H. J., Glover H. Common and Avoidable Causes of EIS Failure. Computer World. 1989, 23(48): 90-91
[22] Watson H. J., Frolick M. N. Determining Information Requirements for an EIS. MIS Quarterly, 1993, 17(3): 255–269
[23]曲景东,蓝伯雄. EIS及其研究进展.计算机工程, 2002, 28(7): 3-4, 34
[24]赵春艳,高媛.解读EIS.现代情报, 2002, 22(12): 153-154
[25] Leidner D. E., Elam J. J. Executive Information Systems: Their Impact on Executive Decision Making. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1994, 10(3): 139-156
[26] Watson H. J., Carte T. A. Executive Information Systems in Government Organizations. Public Productivity & Management Review, 2000, 23(3): 371 -382
[27]刘伟,杜昌勇. EIS需求分析的困难及方法.计算机应用研究, 1997, 14(5): 14-17
[28]陈学广,汪建平,胡剑等.试讨论EIS同DSS的主要区别.华中理工大学学报, 1998, 26(9): 24-26
[29]陈学广,朱明富. EIS开发中若干基本问题的探讨.华中理工大学学报, 1996, 24(3): 20-23
[30]王锁柱.高层管理信息系统(EIS)的开发框架.计算机工程, 2004, 30(6): 9-11
[31] Kroeber D. W., Watson H. J., Sprague R. H. Jr. An Empirical Investigation and Analysis of the Current State of Information Systems Evolution. Information & Management.1980, 3(1): 35-43
[32]马芸生. EIS的一种开发方法及未来的发展.计算机科学, 1992, 19(5): 78-81
[33] Guiden G. K., Ewers D. E. Is Your ESS Meeting the Need? Computer World, 1989, 10(7): 85-91
[34] Wetherbe J. C. Executive Information Requirements: Getting it right. MIS Quarterly, 1991, 15(1): 51-65
[35]王冠虹,李勇.对EIS信息分析与设计的应用研究.管理信息系统, 1999(6): 3-7
[36]王锁柱. EIS需求分析及设计方法探讨.微型电脑应用, 2006, 22(6): 1-2, 19
[37] Gallupe R. B., Cooper W. H. Brainstorming Electronically Sloan Management Review, 1993, 35(1): 27-36
[38] Frolick M. N., Robichaux B. P. EIS Information Requirement Determination: Using a Group Support System to Enhance the Strategic Business Objectives Method. Decision Support System, 1995, 14(2): 157-170
[39] Martin E. W. Critical Success Factors of Chief MIS/DP Executives. MIS Quarterly, 1982, 6(2): 1-9
[40]陈学广,费奇,朱必英等. CSF及其在EIS设计中的应用研究.华中理工大学学报, 1997, 25 (11): 1-3
[41] Volonino L., Watson H. J. The Strategic Business Objectives Method for Guiding Executive Information System Development. Journal of Management Information System, 1991, 7(3): 27-40
[42] Ahituv N., Neumann S. Principles of Information Systems for Management. Third Edition. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown Publishers, 1990
[2]朱斌,李东. EIS的研究和实践:现状及问题.计算机系统应用, 2002, 19(2): 3-5
[3] Sprague R. H. Jr., Watson H. J. Decision Support Systems, Putting Theory into Practice. Third Edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1993
[4]王红卫,陈学广,陈仁国等. EIS的一个实例:三峡建行行长综合查询系统.决策与决策支持系统, 1996, 6(4): 15-20
[5]王锁柱,李怀祖. EIS在高层管理中的作用探讨.系统工程, 1999, 17(1): 31-34, 5
[6]王锁柱,李怀祖.高层管理信息系统(EIS)研究.情报科学, 1999, 17(3): 228-231
[7] Thierauf R. J. Executive Information Systems: A Guide for Senior Management and MIS Professionals. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1991
[8]陈学广,朱明富,费奇.高层管理信息系统(ElS)及其开发策略的研究.系统工程理论与实践, 1997, 17(1): 8-13
[9]金蝶,张翔,邓筱鹏等.工程项目主管EIS的研究与实践.科技与管理, 2005, 7(1): 75-78
[10] Sprague R. H. Jr., Carlson E. D. Building Effective Decision Support Systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982
[11] Er M. C. Decision Support Systems: A Summary, Problems, and Future Trends. Decision Support Systems, 1988, 4(3): 355-363
[12] Hogue J. T. A Framework for the Examination of Management Information in Decision Support Systems. Management Information Systems, 1987, 1(4): 96-110
[13]蔡雨阳,黄岩. MIS、DSS和EIS的数据集成.管理工程学报, 2001, 15(4): 66-67
[14] Friend D. Benefits of an Executive Information System. Information ManagementReview, 1991, 4(3): 7-15
[15]李晓瑞. EIS在高校高层管理中的应用.广西民族学院学报:自然科学版, 2001, 7( 4 ): 291-293
[16]吴培涛,崔俊凯. EIS在制造类企业中的应用分析.北京机械工业学院学报, 2003, 18(4): 52-55
[17] Rockart J. F., Treacy M. E. The CEO Goes On-line. Harvard Business Review, 1982, 60(1): 82-88
[18] Rockart J. F. Chief Executives Define Their Own Data Needs. Harvard Business Review, 1979, 57(2) : 81-93
[19] Mintzberg H. The Nature of Managerial Work. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall ,1980
[20] Rainer R. K., Watson H. J. The Key to Executive Information System Success. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1995, 12(2): 83-89
[21] Watson H. J., Glover H. Common and Avoidable Causes of EIS Failure. Computer World. 1989, 23(48): 90-91
[22] Watson H. J., Frolick M. N. Determining Information Requirements for an EIS. MIS Quarterly, 1993, 17(3): 255–269
[23]曲景东,蓝伯雄. EIS及其研究进展.计算机工程, 2002, 28(7): 3-4, 34
[24]赵春艳,高媛.解读EIS.现代情报, 2002, 22(12): 153-154
[25] Leidner D. E., Elam J. J. Executive Information Systems: Their Impact on Executive Decision Making. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1994, 10(3): 139-156
[26] Watson H. J., Carte T. A. Executive Information Systems in Government Organizations. Public Productivity & Management Review, 2000, 23(3): 371 -382
[27]刘伟,杜昌勇. EIS需求分析的困难及方法.计算机应用研究, 1997, 14(5): 14-17
[28]陈学广,汪建平,胡剑等.试讨论EIS同DSS的主要区别.华中理工大学学报, 1998, 26(9): 24-26
[29]陈学广,朱明富. EIS开发中若干基本问题的探讨.华中理工大学学报, 1996, 24(3): 20-23
[30]王锁柱.高层管理信息系统(EIS)的开发框架.计算机工程, 2004, 30(6): 9-11
[31] Kroeber D. W., Watson H. J., Sprague R. H. Jr. An Empirical Investigation and Analysis of the Current State of Information Systems Evolution. Information & Management.1980, 3(1): 35-43
[32]马芸生. EIS的一种开发方法及未来的发展.计算机科学, 1992, 19(5): 78-81
[33] Guiden G. K., Ewers D. E. Is Your ESS Meeting the Need? Computer World, 1989, 10(7): 85-91
[34] Wetherbe J. C. Executive Information Requirements: Getting it right. MIS Quarterly, 1991, 15(1): 51-65
[35]王冠虹,李勇.对EIS信息分析与设计的应用研究.管理信息系统, 1999(6): 3-7
[36]王锁柱. EIS需求分析及设计方法探讨.微型电脑应用, 2006, 22(6): 1-2, 19
[37] Gallupe R. B., Cooper W. H. Brainstorming Electronically Sloan Management Review, 1993, 35(1): 27-36
[38] Frolick M. N., Robichaux B. P. EIS Information Requirement Determination: Using a Group Support System to Enhance the Strategic Business Objectives Method. Decision Support System, 1995, 14(2): 157-170
[39] Martin E. W. Critical Success Factors of Chief MIS/DP Executives. MIS Quarterly, 1982, 6(2): 1-9
[40]陈学广,费奇,朱必英等. CSF及其在EIS设计中的应用研究.华中理工大学学报, 1997, 25 (11): 1-3
[41] Volonino L., Watson H. J. The Strategic Business Objectives Method for Guiding Executive Information System Development. Journal of Management Information System, 1991, 7(3): 27-40
[42] Ahituv N., Neumann S. Principles of Information Systems for Management. Third Edition. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown Publishers, 1990