循环流化床锅炉床温控制策略优化
|
摘要
火力发电发展到今天,对环境保护的要求越来越高,随着优质煤炭资源的逐渐减少与枯竭,煤粉炉的发展将受到资源与环境的双重限制。社会上对劣质煤炭资源燃烧利用的研究方兴未艾,随之出现了许多与之相应的燃烧技术与手段。循环流化床燃烧技术适应了这一技术发展的需要,其优势就在于既能燃烧优质煤炭资源又能利用劣质煤炭资源,在燃料的选择上比煤粉炉更有优势。同时循环流化床锅炉在燃料燃烧过程中加入石灰石可以实现炉内脱硫脱硝,在污染物排放上具有明显的优势。利用循环流化床锅炉这一优势实现燃料的清洁燃烧和资源的高效利用将在一定程度上弥补煤粉炉的不足之处,可以预计在火电的未来发展中循环流化床锅炉将占据不可或缺的位置。
循环流化床锅炉从小容量的工业炉发展到大容量的电站锅炉,研究循环流化床锅炉燃烧技术的文献和资料已经很多,但是我们对循环流化床锅炉的认识仍然有一定的局限,有些燃烧的机理仍然没有得到很好的阐释。已经建成的循环流化床锅炉在运行过程中仍然存在着一些问题,这包括循环流化床锅炉的床温超温结焦,燃烧不稳定,主蒸汽压力的波动,以及循环流化床锅炉水冷壁的磨损问题等。循环流化床锅炉的自动控制水平关系到这一技术使用的范围。循环流化床锅炉首先要解决床温的控制问题,本文在前人研究的基础上继续探讨模糊控制策略在循环流化床上的应用,基于模糊控制策略对循环流化床锅炉的床温控制问题进行改进,改进了基于模糊微调的方案,使用基于乘法规则的调节方案来代替基于加法规则的调节方案,并在MATLAB软件上进行了仿真研究,证明了这一控制策略的可行性。
循环流化床锅炉的发展对控制系统提出了越来越高的要求,DCS控制系统已成为电厂不可或缺的组成部分。本文最后介绍了该方案的DCS系统组态方法。
With the development of power plants, more and more requirements are raised to protect environment nowadays. Due to the reduction and exhaustion of high quality coal resources, the development of pulverized coal-fired boilers would be limited by both environment protection and resources shortage. Meanwhile, lots of researches about burning low quality coal are processing, therefore a lot of methods and technologies, which include CFB, circulating fluidized bed, burning technology, appear. CFB burning technology adapts to this need. The advantage of CFB is that both superior and inferior coal can be burned. So it is much better than the traditional technology. Furthermore, limestone in CFB boilers can be desulphurized and denitrified, which offered a great improvement in pollutant emission. Using the features of CFB, the goal of efficient use of resources and clean combustion can be achieved, which can offset the shortcoming of pulverized coal-fired furnaces to some extent. We can expect that in the future CFB boilers will be in an indispensable position in the development of power plant
With the use of CFB boilers from small capacity industrial furnaces to large capacity power plant boilers, there are quite a lot of research papers about CFB. However the knowledge we have known about CFB is still insufficient. Some burning feature is still not well mastered. Moreover some working CFB boilers still have problems, such as CFB boilers'bed over temperature and coking, combustion instability, main steam pressure fluctuation and CFB boilers water wall wear. The ability of automatically controlling CFB boilers affects the scope of using CFB boilers. So resolving the problem of bed's temperature control is the key. Based on the previous research results I will continue to explore the application of the fuzzy control system on CFB, using the fuzzy control strategy to improve the control of the CFB boilers'bed temperature, and optimizing the fine tuning scheme by using regulation scheme based on the rules of multiplication instead of the adjustment scheme based on the rules of addition, which is proved to be feasible by simulating the performance on MATLAB platform.
With the development of CFB boilers, more and more requirements are raised to DCS, distributed control system, which has become an indispensable part in power plant. Finally, the article introduces the DCS system fuzzy configuration strategy, and the fuzzy configuration control principle diagram is given.
循环流化床锅炉从小容量的工业炉发展到大容量的电站锅炉,研究循环流化床锅炉燃烧技术的文献和资料已经很多,但是我们对循环流化床锅炉的认识仍然有一定的局限,有些燃烧的机理仍然没有得到很好的阐释。已经建成的循环流化床锅炉在运行过程中仍然存在着一些问题,这包括循环流化床锅炉的床温超温结焦,燃烧不稳定,主蒸汽压力的波动,以及循环流化床锅炉水冷壁的磨损问题等。循环流化床锅炉的自动控制水平关系到这一技术使用的范围。循环流化床锅炉首先要解决床温的控制问题,本文在前人研究的基础上继续探讨模糊控制策略在循环流化床上的应用,基于模糊控制策略对循环流化床锅炉的床温控制问题进行改进,改进了基于模糊微调的方案,使用基于乘法规则的调节方案来代替基于加法规则的调节方案,并在MATLAB软件上进行了仿真研究,证明了这一控制策略的可行性。
循环流化床锅炉的发展对控制系统提出了越来越高的要求,DCS控制系统已成为电厂不可或缺的组成部分。本文最后介绍了该方案的DCS系统组态方法。
With the development of power plants, more and more requirements are raised to protect environment nowadays. Due to the reduction and exhaustion of high quality coal resources, the development of pulverized coal-fired boilers would be limited by both environment protection and resources shortage. Meanwhile, lots of researches about burning low quality coal are processing, therefore a lot of methods and technologies, which include CFB, circulating fluidized bed, burning technology, appear. CFB burning technology adapts to this need. The advantage of CFB is that both superior and inferior coal can be burned. So it is much better than the traditional technology. Furthermore, limestone in CFB boilers can be desulphurized and denitrified, which offered a great improvement in pollutant emission. Using the features of CFB, the goal of efficient use of resources and clean combustion can be achieved, which can offset the shortcoming of pulverized coal-fired furnaces to some extent. We can expect that in the future CFB boilers will be in an indispensable position in the development of power plant
With the use of CFB boilers from small capacity industrial furnaces to large capacity power plant boilers, there are quite a lot of research papers about CFB. However the knowledge we have known about CFB is still insufficient. Some burning feature is still not well mastered. Moreover some working CFB boilers still have problems, such as CFB boilers'bed over temperature and coking, combustion instability, main steam pressure fluctuation and CFB boilers water wall wear. The ability of automatically controlling CFB boilers affects the scope of using CFB boilers. So resolving the problem of bed's temperature control is the key. Based on the previous research results I will continue to explore the application of the fuzzy control system on CFB, using the fuzzy control strategy to improve the control of the CFB boilers'bed temperature, and optimizing the fine tuning scheme by using regulation scheme based on the rules of multiplication instead of the adjustment scheme based on the rules of addition, which is proved to be feasible by simulating the performance on MATLAB platform.
With the development of CFB boilers, more and more requirements are raised to DCS, distributed control system, which has become an indispensable part in power plant. Finally, the article introduces the DCS system fuzzy configuration strategy, and the fuzzy configuration control principle diagram is given.
引文
[1]王永生.发展循环经济实现我国矿产资源可持续利用[J].中国矿业,2004,6,32-34.
[2]牛培峰.大型国产循环流化床锅炉燃烧过程智能控制系统应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,12,62-66.
[4]张小辉,姜泽毅,刘柏谦.循环流化床锅炉运行控制策略研究[J].矿冶,2008,04,85-87.
[5]林宗虎,循环流化床锅炉的发展过程及趋向[J],工业锅炉,2008,02,1-5.
[6]周一工.循环流化床锅炉在中国的发展与问题[J].中国设备工程,2005,8,14-16.
[7]李彦,彭钢.循环流化床锅炉机组控制系统调试及运行技术[M].北京,中国电力出版社,2008,25-26.
[8]岑可法,倪明江,骆仲泱等.循环流化床锅炉理论设计与运行[M].北京,中国电力出版社,1997,54-56.
[9]孙玮等.大型循环流化床锅炉机组控制的研究[J].化工自动化及仪表,2005,4,49-52.
[10]陈干锦,蔡康忠,倪晓辉,等.上锅FLEXTECH循环流化床锅炉的技术特点[J].锅炉技术,2003,3,1-6.
[11]郑爱民.循环流化床锅炉保护的定性设计及其应用[J].山西电力,2004,8,22-24.
[12]周振辉,杨正.300MW循环流化床锅炉保护浅析[J].云南电力,2006,10,48-50.
[13]高洪培,王鹏利,张敏等.大型循环流化床锅炉临界流化风量控制与燃烧优化调整[J].热力发电,2005,4,31-33.
[14]张丽香,王琦.模拟量控制系统,北京,中国电力出版社,2006,118-119.
[15]刘金琨.智能控制[M].北京,电子工业出版社,2005,37-47.
[16]孙增圻等.智能控制理论与新技术[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1997,22-23.
[17]李士勇.模糊控制-神经控制和智能控制论[M].哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006,254-391.
[18]张志涌等.精通MATLAB6.5版[M].北京,北京航空航天出版社,2003,360-429.
[19]于希宁,王慧,王东风等.模糊控制在循环流化床锅炉床温控制中的应用[J].华北电力大学学报,2005,3,34-36.
[20]赵伟杰,张文震,冯晓露.循环流化床锅炉床温的控制特性[J].动力工程,2007,4,545-550.
[21]吴树志,王晖,韩跃进等.循环流化床锅炉床层温度控制现状与解决措施[J].热力发电,2003,3,51-52.
[22]牛培峰.大型国产循环流化床锅炉燃烧过程智能控制系统应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,12,62-66.
[23]吴玉平,周嗣林.300MW循环流化床锅炉控制系统[J].中国电力,2007,1,74-76.
[24]赵银,王寿福.300MW循环流化床锅炉控制技术[C].2008年中国电机工程学会年会论文集,1-17.
[25]郑守忠,张勇.75t循环流化床锅炉床温影响因素的试验研究[J].热力发电,2007,9,36-38.
[26]张栾英,李建强,谷俊杰等.100 MW循环流化床锅炉床温控制策略[J].华北电力大学学报,2004,1,44-47.
[27]董泽,孙剑,韩璞等.基于a阶逆神经网络解耦的循环流化床锅炉燃烧汽水系统PSO-PID控制[J],动力工程,2009,6,549-553.
[28]谢华文,李小坷,董泽.基于蚁群算法的循环流化床锅炉床温特性辨识[J].华北电力技术,2005,11,16-18.
[29]于希宁,王慧,王东风等.模糊控制在循环流化床锅炉床温控制中的应用[J].华北电力大学学报,2005,3,43-46.
[30]郭爽,循环流化床锅炉床温的控制模型及模糊控制系统的研究：[华北电力大学硕士学位论文],热能工程,2001.
[31]曲海云,关于循环流化床锅炉床温控制系统的研究：[华北电力大学硕士学位论文],热能工程,2004.
[32]李人厚.智能控制理论与方法[M].西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2007.
[33]韩璞,罗毅,董泽等.控制系统数字仿真技术[M].北京,中国电力出版社,2007.
[34]印江,冯江涛.电厂分散控制系统[M].北京,中国电力出版社,2006.
[35]Mircea Cardu, Malvina Baica. Application of the methodology to estimate the energy-ecologic efficiency of fluidized bed boilers[J]. Energy Conversion and Management,42 (2001) 867-876.
[36]N.S. Winay, P. Basu, B.V. Reddy. Experimental investigations on heat transfer from suspension to impact separators in the riser column of a circulating fluidized bed combustor[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 46 (2003) 71-75.
[37]Zhi-Gang Su, Pei-Hong Wang. Improved adaptive evidential k-NN rule and its application for monitoring level of coal powder filling in ball mill[J]. Journal of Process Control 19 (2009) 1751-1762.
[38]Hairui Yang, Guangxi Yue, Xianbin Xiao. ID modeling on the material balance in CFB boiler[J]. Chemical Engineering Science 60 (2005) 5603-5611.
[39]Aboozar Hadavand, Ali Akbar Jalali, Parviz Famouri.An innovative bed temperature-oriented modeling and robust[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal 140 (2008) 497-508.
[40]Silvestre L. Suraniti, Nsakala ya Nsakala, and Scott L. Darling. Alstom Oxyfuel CFB boilers:a promising option for CO2 capture[J]. Energy Procedia 1 (2009) 543-548.
[41]Joris Koornneef, Martin Junginger, Andre Faaij. Development of fluidized bed combustion-An overview of trends, performance and cost[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 33 (2007) 19-55.
[42]于浩洋,景方,宋清昆等.模糊控制在燃煤锅炉燃烧系统中的应用研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学,2003,1,26-29.
[43]于浩洋,宋清昆,史丽萍等.基于MATLAB/SIMULINKK的自调整因子模糊控制器的设计与仿真[J].微型机与应用,2003,4,44-46.
[2]牛培峰.大型国产循环流化床锅炉燃烧过程智能控制系统应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,12,62-66.
[4]张小辉,姜泽毅,刘柏谦.循环流化床锅炉运行控制策略研究[J].矿冶,2008,04,85-87.
[5]林宗虎,循环流化床锅炉的发展过程及趋向[J],工业锅炉,2008,02,1-5.
[6]周一工.循环流化床锅炉在中国的发展与问题[J].中国设备工程,2005,8,14-16.
[7]李彦,彭钢.循环流化床锅炉机组控制系统调试及运行技术[M].北京,中国电力出版社,2008,25-26.
[8]岑可法,倪明江,骆仲泱等.循环流化床锅炉理论设计与运行[M].北京,中国电力出版社,1997,54-56.
[9]孙玮等.大型循环流化床锅炉机组控制的研究[J].化工自动化及仪表,2005,4,49-52.
[10]陈干锦,蔡康忠,倪晓辉,等.上锅FLEXTECH循环流化床锅炉的技术特点[J].锅炉技术,2003,3,1-6.
[11]郑爱民.循环流化床锅炉保护的定性设计及其应用[J].山西电力,2004,8,22-24.
[12]周振辉,杨正.300MW循环流化床锅炉保护浅析[J].云南电力,2006,10,48-50.
[13]高洪培,王鹏利,张敏等.大型循环流化床锅炉临界流化风量控制与燃烧优化调整[J].热力发电,2005,4,31-33.
[14]张丽香,王琦.模拟量控制系统,北京,中国电力出版社,2006,118-119.
[15]刘金琨.智能控制[M].北京,电子工业出版社,2005,37-47.
[16]孙增圻等.智能控制理论与新技术[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1997,22-23.
[17]李士勇.模糊控制-神经控制和智能控制论[M].哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006,254-391.
[18]张志涌等.精通MATLAB6.5版[M].北京,北京航空航天出版社,2003,360-429.
[19]于希宁,王慧,王东风等.模糊控制在循环流化床锅炉床温控制中的应用[J].华北电力大学学报,2005,3,34-36.
[20]赵伟杰,张文震,冯晓露.循环流化床锅炉床温的控制特性[J].动力工程,2007,4,545-550.
[21]吴树志,王晖,韩跃进等.循环流化床锅炉床层温度控制现状与解决措施[J].热力发电,2003,3,51-52.
[22]牛培峰.大型国产循环流化床锅炉燃烧过程智能控制系统应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,12,62-66.
[23]吴玉平,周嗣林.300MW循环流化床锅炉控制系统[J].中国电力,2007,1,74-76.
[24]赵银,王寿福.300MW循环流化床锅炉控制技术[C].2008年中国电机工程学会年会论文集,1-17.
[25]郑守忠,张勇.75t循环流化床锅炉床温影响因素的试验研究[J].热力发电,2007,9,36-38.
[26]张栾英,李建强,谷俊杰等.100 MW循环流化床锅炉床温控制策略[J].华北电力大学学报,2004,1,44-47.
[27]董泽,孙剑,韩璞等.基于a阶逆神经网络解耦的循环流化床锅炉燃烧汽水系统PSO-PID控制[J],动力工程,2009,6,549-553.
[28]谢华文,李小坷,董泽.基于蚁群算法的循环流化床锅炉床温特性辨识[J].华北电力技术,2005,11,16-18.
[29]于希宁,王慧,王东风等.模糊控制在循环流化床锅炉床温控制中的应用[J].华北电力大学学报,2005,3,43-46.
[30]郭爽,循环流化床锅炉床温的控制模型及模糊控制系统的研究：[华北电力大学硕士学位论文],热能工程,2001.
[31]曲海云,关于循环流化床锅炉床温控制系统的研究：[华北电力大学硕士学位论文],热能工程,2004.
[32]李人厚.智能控制理论与方法[M].西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2007.
[33]韩璞,罗毅,董泽等.控制系统数字仿真技术[M].北京,中国电力出版社,2007.
[34]印江,冯江涛.电厂分散控制系统[M].北京,中国电力出版社,2006.
[35]Mircea Cardu, Malvina Baica. Application of the methodology to estimate the energy-ecologic efficiency of fluidized bed boilers[J]. Energy Conversion and Management,42 (2001) 867-876.
[36]N.S. Winay, P. Basu, B.V. Reddy. Experimental investigations on heat transfer from suspension to impact separators in the riser column of a circulating fluidized bed combustor[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 46 (2003) 71-75.
[37]Zhi-Gang Su, Pei-Hong Wang. Improved adaptive evidential k-NN rule and its application for monitoring level of coal powder filling in ball mill[J]. Journal of Process Control 19 (2009) 1751-1762.
[38]Hairui Yang, Guangxi Yue, Xianbin Xiao. ID modeling on the material balance in CFB boiler[J]. Chemical Engineering Science 60 (2005) 5603-5611.
[39]Aboozar Hadavand, Ali Akbar Jalali, Parviz Famouri.An innovative bed temperature-oriented modeling and robust[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal 140 (2008) 497-508.
[40]Silvestre L. Suraniti, Nsakala ya Nsakala, and Scott L. Darling. Alstom Oxyfuel CFB boilers:a promising option for CO2 capture[J]. Energy Procedia 1 (2009) 543-548.
[41]Joris Koornneef, Martin Junginger, Andre Faaij. Development of fluidized bed combustion-An overview of trends, performance and cost[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 33 (2007) 19-55.
[42]于浩洋,景方,宋清昆等.模糊控制在燃煤锅炉燃烧系统中的应用研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学,2003,1,26-29.
[43]于浩洋,宋清昆,史丽萍等.基于MATLAB/SIMULINKK的自调整因子模糊控制器的设计与仿真[J].微型机与应用,2003,4,44-46.