新疆伊犁地区VA菌根真菌资源、分布及抗旱性研究
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摘要
本文研究了新疆伊犁地区不同海拔、不同地形、不同土壤类型主要树种和野生植物VA菌根真菌种类和生态分布,土壤理化性质(pH、有机质含量、速效养分)与VA菌根侵染的关系。在此基础上,对11个VA菌根真菌菌株回接原宿主植物,测定抗旱生理生化指标,揭示VA菌根真菌对宿主植物抗旱性的影响。主要结果如下:
1. VA菌根真菌的种类
伊犁地区主要树种(灰胡杨、伊犁柳、雪岭云杉、沙拐枣、榆树、小叶白蜡、刺槐)分离出14种VA菌根真菌:薄壁球囊霉(Glomus leptotichum)、苏格兰球囊霉(G.caledonium)、缩球囊霉(G.constrictum)、地球囊霉(G.geosporum)、摩西球囊霉(G.mosseae)、单孢球囊霉(G.monosporum)、白色球囊霉(G.albidum)、近明球囊霉(G.claroideum)、根内球囊霉(G.intraradices)、沙荒球囊霉(G. deserticola)、网状球囊霉(G. reticulatum)、孔窝无梗囊霉(Acaulospora foveata)、蜜色无梗囊霉(A.mellea)、巨大巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora gigantean),待定种2种(Glomus sp.1、Glomus sp.2)。伊犁地区8种野生植物(野核桃、野苹果、杏、野山楂、野欧洲李、野樱桃李、小叶白蜡、雪岭云杉)根际土中分离鉴定出丽孢无梗囊霉(Acaulospora elegans)、蜜色无梗囊霉(A.mellea)、苏格兰球囊霉(G.caledonium)、缩球囊霉(G.constrictum)、地球囊霉(G.geosporum)、台湾球囊霉(G. formosanum)和白色球囊霉(G. albidum)等7种VA菌根真菌。
2. VA菌根真菌的种群频率及优势种
伊犁地区主要树种VA菌根真菌以Glomus属分布最为广泛,其中Glomus constrictum和Glomus geosporum出现频率最高,为伊犁地区主要树种菌根真菌的优势种。一种宿主植物可以同时被多种菌根真菌侵染,且丰富度较高,而同一菌根真菌对不同宿主的侵染频度也存在差异,同种宿主植物在不同生态环境下具有菌根真菌的特异性,从而表现出VA菌根真菌与宿主植物之间的相互选择性,以及对生态坏境的适应性。
3. VA菌根真菌的分布
不同生态条件下相同宿主根际土壤中孢子数量与平均侵染率随海拔增高而递减,即表现为小叶白蜡自然保护区>果子沟>西天山雪岭云杉保护区。海拔高度对球囊霉属菌根真菌的分布规律性更为明显,摩西球囊霉和缩球囊霉在土样中的出现频率随海拔增高而明显减少。随着土壤碱性的增加,VA菌根真菌种的丰度、多样性指数和孢子密度减少,而球囊霉属在种群中的优势度随之增加。VA菌根真菌能在2.37mg/kg-25.86mg/kg的较宽土壤速效磷范围内侵染宿主植物,但在速效磷含量﹥40.0mg/kg时,VA菌根真菌的侵染率和孢子含量会明显减少。
4.VA菌根真菌对抗旱生理生化指标的影响
This research On the basis of our country research current situation of VA mycorrhizal fungi undertakes to study the resource and distribution of VA mycorrhizal fungi of common plants in Yili, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region. In this paper, Soil samples were collected from fields in which various plants,the soil pH and phosphorus contents were detected, and studied the diversity, richness and relative abundance of VA mycorrhizal fungi species and mycorrhizal plant species in the wild plants and common plants.Considering its division of improcing the droughe-resistence effect after 11isolates of VA includes. And test the five kinds of the physiological indexes of drought-resistence. Main research results are as follows:
1. VA mycorrhizal fungi Diversity in Yili
16 species under 3 genera were collected from 7 kinds of common plants (Populus pruinosa Schrenk、Salix iliensis Regel、Picea schrenkiana Fisch、Calligonum pumilum、Ulmus pumila L、Fraxinus sogdiana Bung、Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in Yili, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, including 2 unidentified species. They are Glomus Leptotichum, G.caledonium, G.constrictum, G.geosporum, G.mosseae, G. monosporum, G.albidum, G.claroideum, G. intraradices, G. deserticola, G. reticulatum, Acaulospora foveata, A.mellea, Gigaspora gigantean. 2 genera 7 species of VA mycorrhizal fungi were identified by studying the VA fungi of 8 wild plants (Juglans cathayensis Dode、Malus sieversii Roem、Armeniaca vulgaris Lam、Crataegus cuneata Sieb.、Prunus domestica L.、Prunus divaricata Ldb、Fraxinus sogdiana Bung、Fraxinus sogdiana Bung) in Yili region of Xinjiang, which are Acaulospora elegans Gerdemann & Trappe, Acaulospora mellea Spain & Schenck, Glomus caledonium, Glomus constrictum, Glomus geosporum, Glomus formosanum , Glomus albidum.
2. The frequentnes and dominant genus of VA mycorrhizal fungi Association in Yili
The same host plant can be symbiosis with different AM fungi, and different host plants can be symbiosis with the same VA mycorrhiza fungus, with a different frequentness of population appearance. Glomus is the dominant genus, and Glomus constricum, Glomus geosporum are the most common species. The same host plant can be symbiosis with different VA mycorrhizal fungi, and different host plants can be symbiosis with the same VA mycorrhizal fungi, with a different frequentness of population appearance.
1. VA菌根真菌的种类
伊犁地区主要树种(灰胡杨、伊犁柳、雪岭云杉、沙拐枣、榆树、小叶白蜡、刺槐)分离出14种VA菌根真菌:薄壁球囊霉(Glomus leptotichum)、苏格兰球囊霉(G.caledonium)、缩球囊霉(G.constrictum)、地球囊霉(G.geosporum)、摩西球囊霉(G.mosseae)、单孢球囊霉(G.monosporum)、白色球囊霉(G.albidum)、近明球囊霉(G.claroideum)、根内球囊霉(G.intraradices)、沙荒球囊霉(G. deserticola)、网状球囊霉(G. reticulatum)、孔窝无梗囊霉(Acaulospora foveata)、蜜色无梗囊霉(A.mellea)、巨大巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora gigantean),待定种2种(Glomus sp.1、Glomus sp.2)。伊犁地区8种野生植物(野核桃、野苹果、杏、野山楂、野欧洲李、野樱桃李、小叶白蜡、雪岭云杉)根际土中分离鉴定出丽孢无梗囊霉(Acaulospora elegans)、蜜色无梗囊霉(A.mellea)、苏格兰球囊霉(G.caledonium)、缩球囊霉(G.constrictum)、地球囊霉(G.geosporum)、台湾球囊霉(G. formosanum)和白色球囊霉(G. albidum)等7种VA菌根真菌。
2. VA菌根真菌的种群频率及优势种
伊犁地区主要树种VA菌根真菌以Glomus属分布最为广泛,其中Glomus constrictum和Glomus geosporum出现频率最高,为伊犁地区主要树种菌根真菌的优势种。一种宿主植物可以同时被多种菌根真菌侵染,且丰富度较高,而同一菌根真菌对不同宿主的侵染频度也存在差异,同种宿主植物在不同生态环境下具有菌根真菌的特异性,从而表现出VA菌根真菌与宿主植物之间的相互选择性,以及对生态坏境的适应性。
3. VA菌根真菌的分布
不同生态条件下相同宿主根际土壤中孢子数量与平均侵染率随海拔增高而递减,即表现为小叶白蜡自然保护区>果子沟>西天山雪岭云杉保护区。海拔高度对球囊霉属菌根真菌的分布规律性更为明显,摩西球囊霉和缩球囊霉在土样中的出现频率随海拔增高而明显减少。随着土壤碱性的增加,VA菌根真菌种的丰度、多样性指数和孢子密度减少,而球囊霉属在种群中的优势度随之增加。VA菌根真菌能在2.37mg/kg-25.86mg/kg的较宽土壤速效磷范围内侵染宿主植物,但在速效磷含量﹥40.0mg/kg时,VA菌根真菌的侵染率和孢子含量会明显减少。
4.VA菌根真菌对抗旱生理生化指标的影响
This research On the basis of our country research current situation of VA mycorrhizal fungi undertakes to study the resource and distribution of VA mycorrhizal fungi of common plants in Yili, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region. In this paper, Soil samples were collected from fields in which various plants,the soil pH and phosphorus contents were detected, and studied the diversity, richness and relative abundance of VA mycorrhizal fungi species and mycorrhizal plant species in the wild plants and common plants.Considering its division of improcing the droughe-resistence effect after 11isolates of VA includes. And test the five kinds of the physiological indexes of drought-resistence. Main research results are as follows:
1. VA mycorrhizal fungi Diversity in Yili
16 species under 3 genera were collected from 7 kinds of common plants (Populus pruinosa Schrenk、Salix iliensis Regel、Picea schrenkiana Fisch、Calligonum pumilum、Ulmus pumila L、Fraxinus sogdiana Bung、Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in Yili, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, including 2 unidentified species. They are Glomus Leptotichum, G.caledonium, G.constrictum, G.geosporum, G.mosseae, G. monosporum, G.albidum, G.claroideum, G. intraradices, G. deserticola, G. reticulatum, Acaulospora foveata, A.mellea, Gigaspora gigantean. 2 genera 7 species of VA mycorrhizal fungi were identified by studying the VA fungi of 8 wild plants (Juglans cathayensis Dode、Malus sieversii Roem、Armeniaca vulgaris Lam、Crataegus cuneata Sieb.、Prunus domestica L.、Prunus divaricata Ldb、Fraxinus sogdiana Bung、Fraxinus sogdiana Bung) in Yili region of Xinjiang, which are Acaulospora elegans Gerdemann & Trappe, Acaulospora mellea Spain & Schenck, Glomus caledonium, Glomus constrictum, Glomus geosporum, Glomus formosanum , Glomus albidum.
2. The frequentnes and dominant genus of VA mycorrhizal fungi Association in Yili
The same host plant can be symbiosis with different AM fungi, and different host plants can be symbiosis with the same VA mycorrhiza fungus, with a different frequentness of population appearance. Glomus is the dominant genus, and Glomus constricum, Glomus geosporum are the most common species. The same host plant can be symbiosis with different VA mycorrhizal fungi, and different host plants can be symbiosis with the same VA mycorrhizal fungi, with a different frequentness of population appearance.
引文
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